简介：“ＲＥＴＩＲＥＭＥＮＴＦＯＲＥＳＴＳ”ＦＯＲＬＯＣＡＬＧＲＯＵＰＬＥＡＤＥＲＳ￥／／Ｔｈｅ＂ｒｅｔｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ＂ｓｅｔｕｐｆｏｒｌｏｃａｌｇｒｏｕｐｌｅａｄｅｒｓｂｙＪｉｎｈｕｖｉｌｌａｇｅｉｎＪｉａｎｇｓｕｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｈａｖｅｐ...

简介：LocatedontheDaxing'anlingforestregionofChina'sfrontier,theDaxing'anlingForestryGroupCo.isoneofthe500nationallargesizeenterprisegroupswithatotalmanagementareaof8.225millionha.Thereare10forestrybureausunderitsjurisdiction,93000in-servicestaffandapopulationof358000.Thenetvalueoffixedassetis3.58billionyuan,Accumulativetotaloutputoftimberhasamountedto110millionm3duringthepast38years.ItsprofitsandtaxturnedovertotheStatehast...

简介：1.CommunityresourcemanagementandbeneficiarygroupInthemanagementofcommunityresources,thevillagersbeartheresponsibilitiesandrolesofmanagingcommunityresources,atthesametime,theygetbenefitsfromthemanagementinvariousways,forinstance,thecollectingofwildnon-woodforestproducts,theacquiringofmanure,theharves

简介：Nonlinearmixedeffectsmodel（NLMEM）isbasedontherelationshipbetweenthefixedandrandomeffectsintheregressionfunction.TheNLMEMhasacompetitiveadvantageinanalyzingrepeatedmeasuresdata,thelongitudinaldataandmultileveldata.Thispaperchosetwokindsoftwo-levelnonlinearmixedmodeltoanalyzebasalareagrowthforChineseFir（Cunninghamialanceolata）.Model1isageneraltwo-levelNLMEMandModel2isbasedonModel1tofurtherconsiderthefixedeffectsparameterschangeswithaspecificfactor.Firstly,throughtheanalysisofthesetwomodels,thispaperdefinedthebasicmodeltobuildthetwo-levelNLMEM.Secondly,665kindsofmodelsderivedfromModel1and2703kindsofmodelsderivedfromModel2werecalculatedandcompared.Theresultsshowedthat:forModel1,therewere57kindsofmodelsconverging,andwhentheformalparameterb0consideredtheblockeffectsandploteffects,b1andb4onlyconsideredtheblockeffects,themodelfittedthebest;andforModel2,therewere24kindsofmodelconverging,andwhentheformalparameterbsconsideredtheblockeffectsandploteffects,b1onlyconsideredblockeffectsandthefixedeffectsb0changedwithanylevelofblocklevel,Model2fittedthebest.Finally,bycomparingthetraditionalnonlinearregressionmodel,Model1andModel2,theresultsshowedthatModel1andModel2fittedbetterthanthetraditionalnonlinearregression,andModel2wasbestfittingmodel.

简介：Themanufacturetechnologiesoftwokindsofbamboolaminatedpanelandtheirphysical-mechanicalpropertieshavebeenstudiedinthepaper.ThespeciesofbambooaretheD.yunnanicusHsuehetD.Z.LiinYunnanProvinceandP.heterocyclavar.pubescensOhwiinZhejiangProvince.Thedataareofferedinordertoprovideprooftoproducearchitecturalpanelbybamboomaterials.Theresultsshowasfollows:Laminatedbamboopanelcanbeproducedbythereconstructiontechnology,andthemechanicalprope...

简介：Itisimportanttounderstandseasonalheavymetalaccumulationindifferentpartsofplantsinordertodevelopthebestphytoremediationpracticesforcontaminatedsoils.Forthispurposeweexposed,1yearoldA.victoriaeseedlingstoZnSO4in4differentconcentrations:0,50,250and500mgZnL-1for45daysovertwogrowingseasons.Subsequently,bioaccumulationofZnindifferentplanttissues（roots,shootsandleafs）wasassessedbyAtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy（AAS）fortwoperiods.Inaddition,variousgrowthattributes（drybiomass,shootandrootlengths,plantappearance）andfunctionaltraits（leafarea,chlorophylla,bandtotal）weremeasured.TheaccumulationofZnwasinfluencedbytheZnconcentrationinthegrowthmediumandthenumberofgrowingseasons.TheamountsofZnconcentratedintheroottissuesmightindicateA.victoriaeasagoodoptionforphytostabilizationofsoilscontaminatedbyZn.WerecommendthatifA.victoriaeisusedforphytoextractionpurposes,thenitshouldbeharvestedattheendofthefirstgrowingseason（fall）becauseatthistimetheconcentrationsofZnintheabove-groundpartswillbemaximal.

简介：MYBtranscriptionfactorsrepresentafamilyofgenesthatincludetheconservedMYBDNA-bindingdomain,andtheyarewidelyinvolvedintheregulationofplantdevelopmentandsecondarymetabolism.Inthisstudy,PartofsequencesoftwoMYBtranscriptionfactorswasdeterminedthroughthecDNAmicroarrayhybridizationandselectionofcDNAlibraryderivedfromtendershoots.Thefull-lengthcDNAsofthegeneswereobtainedwithRT-PCRandRACE,andtheywere1132bpand1020bp,namedasCsMYB1andCsMYB2(GenBankaccessionNo.HQ660373andHQ660374),andcontainedORFsof879bpand675bpencoding292and224aminoacids,respectively.Sequencesanalysisshowedthatthededucedproteinmolecularweightofthetwogeneswere32.9kuand25.4ku,andtheproteinscontainedtwoconservedMYBdomainsneartheN-terminusandaconservedC1motifneartheR3domains.ThededucedaminoacidsequenceofCsMYB1andCsMYB2fromteaplantshowedhighidentitywiththatofotherplants,forinstanceCsMYB1shared57%homologywithMYB1ofGossypiumhirsutumandCsMYB2shared75%homologywithMYBC2ofVitisvinifera.Theresultofrealtime-PCRanalysisshowedthetwogeneswereexpressedconstitutivelyinalltissueswithdifferentexpressionlevels,e.g.therelativeexpressionlevelofCsMYB2inleafwashundredtimeshigherthanthatinroot.Additionally,shadingenhancedCsMYB1expression,whilethetreatmentdidnotaltertheexpressionlevelofCsMYB2.

简介：理解森林生态系统土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量(et)为水有限环境是关键的，特别地，缺乏象是的西北中国的更低的Heihe河盆那样的足够的确定的数据的那些首先由TamarixramosissimaLedeb统治了。并且PopuluseuphraticaOliv。森林。因此，我们为2选择了成长季节?在类似的气象学的条件到下面的二个如此的森林的年(2012和2014)比较et使用旋涡协变性(EC)技术。在成长季节期间，T的每日的et。ramosissima从0.3～8.0?公里?有3.6的一个平均数的天1?公里?天1,和P的每日的et。euphratica从0.9～7.9?公里?有4.6的一个平均数的天1?公里?为548和707的一个总数的天1?公里分别地。P的显著地更高的et。euphratica看台直接被连接高从灌溉在足够的水可获得性下面玷污蒸发率。当土壤蒸发被不顾时，水使用比得上二对比河边的森林，P。有465的全部的蒸发的euphratica森林?公里和T。有473的ramosissima森林?公里。回归分析证明气候因素在两种森林类型占了至少80%et变化。在结论，河边的森林的水使用在这个干旱区域低、可比较，建议长期的植物改编到水可获得性的本地气候和条件。

简介：Threetypesoflandscapeboundary(forest/pepperfield,forest/cabbagefield,andforest/grassland)wereselectedinthearidvalleyofupperreachesofMinjiangRiver,southwesternChina.Onthebasisofvegetationdiversity,thedepthofedgeinfluence(DEI)ondifferenttypesoflandscapeboundarieswasestimatedusingprincipalcomponentsanalysis(PCA)methodandmovingsplit-windowtechniques(MSWT).Theresultsshowedthatinthe5transects,PCAmethodwasabletodetecttheedgeinfluencedepthwith3transects,whileMSWTcouldexplain4transects.ItisconcludedthatPCAandMSWTbothcanbeusedtodetectthedepthofedgeinfluencewithin50mfromtheedgetotheinterior.Similarconclusionsweredrawnintheforestofeachtransectwiththetwomethods,butnosimilarconclusionsweredrawninthepepperfieldofeachtransect.Althoughthetwomethodshaveadvantagesanddisadvantagesrespectively,theyareusefultoolsforcharacterizingedgedynamics.Comparingthetwomethods,MSWTismoresuccessful.

简介：Background:Remotesensing-basedinventoriesareessentialinestimatingforestcoverintropicalandsubtropicalcountries,wheregroundinventoriescannotbeperformedperiodicallyatalargescaleowingtohighcostsandforestinaccessibility(e.g.REDDprojects)andaremandatoryforconstructinghistoricalrecordsthatcanbeusedasforestcoverbaselines.Giventheconditionsofsuchinventories,thesurveyareaispartitionedintoagridofimagerysegmentsofpre-fixedsizewheretheproportionofforestcovercanbemeasuredwithinsegmentsusingacombinationofunsupervised(automatedorsemi-automated)classificationofsatelliteimageryandmanual(i.e.visualon-screen)enhancements.Becausevisualon-screenoperationsaretimeexpensiveprocedures,manualclassificationcanbeperformedonlyforasampleofimagerysegmentsselectedatafirststage,whileforestcoverwithineachselectedsegmentisestimatedatasecondstagefromasampleofpixelsselectedwithinthesegment.Becauseforestcoverdataarisingfromunsupervisedsatelliteimageryclassificationmaybefreelyavailable(e.g.Landsatimagery)overtheentiresurveyarea(wall-to-walldata)andarelikelytobegoodproxiesofmanuallyclassifiedcoverdata(sampledata),theycanbeadoptedassuitableauxiliaryinformation.Methods:Thequestionishowtochoosethesampleareaswheremanualclassificationiscarriedout.Wehaveinvestigatedtheefficiencyofone-per-stratumstratifiedsamplingforselectingsegmentsandpixels,wheretocarryoutmanualclassificationandtodeterminetheefficiencyofthedifferenceestimatorforexploitingauxiliaryinformationattheestimationlevel.Theperformanceofthisstrategyiscomparedwithsimplerandomsamplingwithoutreplacement.Results:OurresultswereobtainedtheoreticallyfromthreeartificialpopulationsconstructedfromtheLandsatclassification(forest/nonforest)availableatpixellevelforastudyarealocatedincentralItaly,assumingthreelevelsoferrorratesoftheuns

简介：Nonlinearmixedeffectsmodel(NLMEM)isbuiltontherelationshipofthefixedandrandomeffectsintheregressionfunction.TheNLMEMhasanobviouscomparativeadvantageinanalyzingthelongitudinaldata,repeatedmeasuresdataandmultileveldata.Two-levelNLMEMisusedtoanalyzethedominantheightforChinesefir(Cunninghamialanceolata).Theauthorsoutlinethetwo-levelNLMEMandintroducetheparametersestimationmethodofthemodel.BasedonfivecommonRichardandLogisticmodels,themixedmodelisbuilt.Themodelingdataareusedtocalculateandcomparewith19modelsderivedfromeachbasedmodel,and5optimalmixedmodelsarebuilt.Comparedthe5optimalmixedmodelswithtraditionalregressionmodels,itisshowedthatthetwo-levelNLMEMhasabetterfittingeffectthantheregressionmodel.

简介：

简介：１三棘华枝ＳｉｎｏｐｈａｓｍａｔｒｉｓｐｉｎｏｓｕｍＣｈｅｎｅｔＣｈｅｎ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．本新种与臀沟华枝ＳｉｎｏｐｈａｓｍａｌａｔｉｓｅｃｔｕｍＣｈｅｎｅｔＣｈｅｎ近似，但本种雄性臀节端部较窄，纵沟浅裂．背面具有３个排列成倒三角形的锥形突，第９节背板隆起成直角下垂等不同，可相区别．模式标本保存在中山大学．２单棘华枝ＳｉｎｏｐｈａｓｍａｕｎｉｓｐｉｎｏｓｕｍＣｈｅｎｅｔＣｈｅｎ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．本新种与三棘华枝ＳｉｎｏｐｈａｓｍａｔｒｉｓｐｉｎｏｓｕｍＣｈｅｎｅｔＣｈｅｎ近似，但本种雄性臀节较狭长，两侧端叶扩展成瓣状；端部无纵沟，背面具有１个明显的锥形突，下生殖板形状以及第９节背板明显不同等，可相区别．模式标本保存在中山大学．３拟异尾华枝（雌性）ＳｉｎｏｐｈａｓｍａｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｉｒａｂｉｌｅＣｈｅｎｅｔＣｈｅｎ本种发表于１９９６年，当时仅报道其雄性，近在中山大学昆虫标本馆发现１对雌雄，其雌性与异尾华枝ＳｉｏｎｐｈａｓｍａｍｉｒａｂｉｌｅＧüｎｔｈｅｒ雌性相似．但本种头部形状，第７腹节腹板与腹瓣伸至的位置，以及尾须的形状等明显不同，可与之区别．模式标本保存在北京林业大学和中山大学．

简介：Basedonamultilevellinearmixedmodelapproach,anindividualdiameterincrementmodelwasdevelopedforfirplantationtreesgrowinginJiangxiProvince.Thedatasetusedinthisstudycamefromlong-termpermanentresearchplots.Thedatabaseconsistsoftotalof82counties,365plots,5416treesand16248observations.Thepaperchosemixedeffectsmodelsinsteadofregressionanalysisapproachbecauseitallowsforpropertreatmentoferrortermsandcorrelationinarepeatedmeasuresanalysisframework.Themodelwasdefinedasamixedlinearmodelwithparameterrandomeffectofplot,areaorplotandareasimultaneous.Inadditiontheheteroscedasticityandcorrelationwastakenintoaccount.Mixedmodelcalibrationofdiameterincrementwascarriedoutwiththeindependentdatausingadifferentsampleofcomplementaryobservations.Theresultshowedthatthetotalstandbasalarea,thediameteroftargettrees,theratioofbasalareaoflargertreestotargettreediameter,andaltitudewerefoundtobesignificantpredictors.Boththefittingmodelandthecalibratedmodelmeanasubstantialimprovementcomparedwiththeclassicalapproachwidelyusedinforestmanagement.Aftertakingintoaccountreasonablevariancefunctionofheteroscedasticityandcorrelation,themodelshowsbetterofgoodnessoffitthanonlytakingintoaccountparameterrandomeffects.Thistypeofmodelingmethodologyshowsflexible,preciseandaccurate.

简介：Aqualitativegenderassessmentofhousehold-basedbambooindustrieswasconductedinZhuyuanandLagadivillagesinLaochangTownship,XinpingCountyinSouthwestChina'sYunnanProvince.Resultsshowedthatbothwomenandmenwereactivelyinvolvedintheproductionandmarketingofbambooproductsinthetwovillages.Thereweregenderdifferencesinbamboo-basedruralindustriesthatwerecloselyassociatedwiththeethnichabits,traditionalnormsoftheruralsociety,thedifferencesofeducationallevelsthatwomenandmenachieved,andthegenderblind-spotsintheenforcementoflawsandpolicies.Itisevidentthatwomenwere“equal”partnersintheproductionofbambooproducts,but“unequal”whentherightsofaccesstoandcontroloverresourcesandpersonalindependenceareconcerned.Suggestionsaremadetoachieveagender-balancedproductionsystemofbambooproductsinruralareasofbambooproducingcountiesinYunnanProvince,China.

简介：集中和在Castanopsiskawakamii和中国冷杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)的单一经营种植园的森林地板的文档的季节的动力学在Sanming被估计，福建，中国(26°11′30″N，117°26′00″E)。福雷斯特地板样品在2002在1月，4月，7月和10月被拿并且划分成波形的镇静的材料(地平线Oi)，部分分解了器官的材料(地平线Oe)，并且充分分解了器官的材料(horizonOa)。在收集之上，样品的文档集中被高温TOC分析。Theresults证明中国冷杉木的累年平均文档集中(1341.7mg·kg~(在森林地板的-1))比Castanopsiskawakamii的高(1178.9mg·kg~(-1))。在DOCconcentrations的差别在森林地板的三根地平线之中被观察。二个森林里的森林地板的文档集中在地平线Oe是最高的。文档集中的季节的趋势森林地板的冷淡的地平线是类似的，最大的价值发生在秋天(或冬季)。集中和学习森林里的文档的时间的变化可能与在在森林地板的有机物的潮湿，温度，生物学的活性和数量的变化有关。

简介：Background:Seedproduction,seeddispersalandseedlingestablishmentarerelevantlifephasesofplants.Understandingtheseprocessesandtheirpatternsisessentialtorecognizevegetationdynamicsandtoapplyittoforestrestoration.Methods:ForOleaeuropaeaandScheffleraabyssinica,fecunditywasestimatedusingrandomizedbranchsampling.Seeddispersalandseedlingestablishmentweremonitoredusingspatiallyexplicitseedtrapsandplots.Dispersalfunctionswerecalibratedapplyinginversemodeling.Results:O.europaeaproducedmoreseedsandhadlongerdispersaldistancescomparedtoS.abyssinica.Correlationsbetweenobservedandpredictednumberofrecruitswerestatisticallysignificant.Seedlingsofthetwospeciesshoweddifferentnicherequirements.Conclusions:Thestudiedspecieswererecruitment-limitedduetolowdispersalactivityorlackofsuitablemicrosites.Restorationrelyingonnaturalregenerationshouldovercometheselimitationsbyincreasingdisperservisitationandreducingbioticandabioticstresses.

简介：Treegrowthtraits(treeheight,DBHandstemvolume)andsurvivalfromtwo9-year-old,open-pollinatedprogenytestsofChinesefirwereinvestigatedforheritability,genotype9environmentinteraction,age-agegeneticcorrelationandselectionefficiency.The97and79familiesplantedattwositeswerecollectedfromthethirdcycleseedorchard.Individualheritabilitywasestimatedbetween0.05and0.21fortreeheight,DBH,andvolumeandbetween0.45and1.0forsurvival.Fa

简介：Treeimprovementprogramsonloblollypine(Pinustaeda)inthesoutheasternUSAhasfocusedprimarilyonimprovinggrowth,form,anddiseasetolerance.However,duetotherecentreductionofdesignvaluesforvisuallygradedsouthernyellowpinelumber(includingloblollypine),attentionhasbeendrawntothematerialqualityofgeneticallyimprovedloblollypine.Inthisstudy,weusedthetime-of-flight(TOF)acoustictooltoassesstheeffectofgeneticfamiliesondiameter,slenderness,fiberlength,microfibrilangle(MFA),velocityanddynamicstiffnessestimatedusinggreendensity(DMOEG)andbasicdensity(DMOEB)of14-year-oldloblollypinestandsselectedfromtwosites.Allthe184and204treesoftheselectedeighthalf-sibgeneticfamiliesonsites1and2respectivelyweretestedusingTOFacoustictool,andtwo5mmcoresamplestakenatbreastheightlevel(1.3m)usedtofortheanatomicalandphysicalpropertiesanalysis.TheresultsindicatedasignificantpositivelinearrelationshipbetweendynamicMOEs(DMOEGandDMOEB)versustreediameter,slenderness,andfiberlengthwhiledynamicMOEsnegativelybutnonsignificantcorrelatedwithMFA.WhiletherewasnosignificantdifferenceinDMOEBbetweensites;velocity2forsite1wassignificantlyhigherthansite2butDMOEGwashigherforsite2thansite1.Again,themeanDMOEGandDMOEBreportedinthepresentstudypresentsasnapshotoftheexpectedstaticMOEforgreenand12%moistureconditionsrespectivelyforloblollypine.Furthermore,thereweresignificantdifferencesbetweenfamiliesformostofthetraitsmeasuredandthissuggeststhatforestmanagershavetheopportunitytoselectfamiliesthatexhibitthedesiredfibermorphologyforfinalproductperformance.Lastly,sincethedynamicMOEbasedongreendensity(DMOEG),basicdensity(DMOEB)andvelocity2presentdifferenceconclusions,practitionersofthistypeofacoustictechniqueshouldtakecarewhenextrapolatingresultsacrossthesites.