简介:双相不锈钢1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi由前苏联研制,目前在我国某些特殊行业中有重要的作用。根据我国现有标准GJB2294—95和GB/T1220—92组织生产,发现按标准中现行成分设计、热处理制度生产的产品与标准要求的力学性能(屈服强度σ0.2)需达到的规定值存在较大差异,很难达到所需要的屈服强度。通过完善相关成分和工艺参数,获得了满意的金相组织和优良的综合力学性能。通过试验探讨了生产实际与标准中的部分规定存在的差距。
简介:PrecipitationstudywascarriedoutinNi-35at.pctCralloybymeasuringelectricalresistivityatdifferentageingtemperaturesandlongageingtimes.Duringageing,itwasobservedthatelectricalresistivityinitiallyrosewithageingtimeandthenfellafterverylongageingataconstanttemperature.TheinitialincreaseinresistivityduringageingmaybeattributedtotheformationofGPzones/Cr-richprecipitatesatearlystagesbynucleationprocessanddecreaseinresistivity,andafterattainingamaximum,isduetothegrowthofprecipitateparticlesandsubsequentlybycoarseningoftheseprecipitates.TheresultsofelectricalresistivitymeasurementsduringageingwereconfirmedbyX-raydiffractionanalysisindicatingtheformationofaCr-richphaseandaCr3Ni2phaseintheNimatrix.
简介:1.IntroductionLightrareearthadditioncanremarkablyenhancetheservicelifeofFe-Cr-Alalloyforelectricalheatingelement,butitscontentinthealloymustbecontrolledbelowthelevelof0.1wt-%.Whenthecontentexceedsthat,theperformance
简介:Themicrostructuralevolutionsofadvanced9-12%Crferrite/martensiteheat-resistantsteelsusedforpowergenerationplantsarereviewedinthisarticle.Despiteofthesmalldifferencesinchemicalcompositions,thesteelssharethesamemicrostructureoftheas-temperedmartensite.Itisthethermalstabilityoftheinitialmicrostructurethatmattersthecreepbehavioroftheseheat-resistantsteels.Themicrostructuralevolutionsinvolvedin9-12%Crferriteheat-resistantsteelsareelabo-rated,including(1)martensiticlathwidening,(2)disappearanceofprioraustenitegrainboundary,(3)emergenceofsubgrains,(4)coarseningofprecipitates,and(5)formationofnewprecipitates,suchasLaves-phaseandZ-phase.Theformerthreemicrostructuralevolutionscouldberetardedbyproperlydisposingthelattertwo.Namelyimprovingthestabilityofprecipitatesandoptimizingtheirsizedistributioncaneffectivelyexertthebeneficialinfluenceofprecipitatesonmicrostructures.Inthissense,themicrostructuralstabilityofthetemperedmartensiteisinfactthestabilityofprecipitatesduringthecreep.Manyattemptshavebeencarriedouttoimprovethemicrostructuralstabilityof9-12%Crsteelsandseveralpromisingheat-resistantsteelshavebeendeveloped.
简介:粉末催化剂Cu-Cr-O用于碳nanotubes(CNT)的合成的一篇小说被开发,它经由氨降水方法被准备。扫描热量计(TG-DSC)的thermo-gravimetric/differential的技术,X光检查衍射(XRD)以及扫描电子显微镜学(SEM)和传播电子显微镜学(TEM)被采用了分别地描绘热分解过程,晶体阶段和同样综合的材料的微结构的形态学。当先锋在400,500,600,和700琠慨?桴獩洠瑥潨?獩猠極慴汢?潦?牰摥捩楴杮琠敨猠牴湥瑧?景挠浯潰楳整氠浡湩瑡獥?桴?業牣浯'炭暘e牴湥瑧?桴潥祲椠?慲歮摥戠?潣灭牡湩?瑩眠瑩?污?桴?被锻烧时,结果证明碳nanotubes成功地作为催化剂用Cu-Cr-O被综合業牣?敬敶?湡?桴?敢瑳琠潷洠捡潲氭癥汥琠敨牯敩?档獯湥映潲?桴?潗汲?楗敤?楡畬敲?數'元沞
简介:弧与cored电线喷洒被使用在低碳钢底层上扔FeMnCr/Cr3C2涂层,也就是FM1,FM2和FM3。涂层的热吃惊电阻被调查在热吃惊抵抗上估计Cr3C2内容的影响。在热骑车测试下面的涂层的特征被光显微镜学,地排放扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和精力分散光谱(版本)学习,X光检查衍射(XRD)。试验性的结果证明涂层的坚硬增加,结合力量随涂层的Cr3C2内容的增加稍微减少。作为结果,FM2涂层拥有最好的热吃惊抵抗,归因于它比那些的更好热的扩大火柴和FM3涂层的wettability,更少的氧化物率比FM1涂层在涂层从裂缝形成和繁殖制止的。
简介:Toobtainthecompatiblematerialofhighhardnessandhightoughness,Hadfieldsteelmatrixcomposites,reinforcedbyhigh-Crcastironbarsmadeofflux-coredweldingwires,whichwereinsertedintotheHadfieldsteelmelt,wereinvestigated.Themechanicalpropertiesofthreematerials,ie,compositesforas-castandquenching-watercondition,aswellasHadfieldsteel,werecompared.Theresultsshowthatthealloypowderinsideflux-coredweldingwirescanbemeltedbytheheatcapacityofHadfieldsteelmeltandsolidifyintohigh-Crcastironbars.Theimpacttoughnessofthecompositeforquenching-waterconditionishigherthanthatofthecompositeforas-castconditionandislowerthanthatoftheHadfieldsteel,butitcanstillmeettherequirementsofhardnessandtoughnessinindustrialapplication.Regardlessofloadvariation,compositeforquenching-waterconditionshowsbetterwearresistancethanthoseofthecompositeforas-castconditionandHadfieldsteel.ThemodifiedfracturetoughnessandwearresistanceofcompositesareattributedtonotonlythecombiningactionsofHadfieldsteelmatrixandhigh-Crcastironbars,butalsotheeffectofheattreatment.
简介:在团结微观结构的谷物结构和precipitates极端纯有不同Ti或Nbmicro-alloying的17wt%Cr以铁酸盐为主要成的不锈钢试验性地并且理论上被调查。到钢的Ti或Nb的增加减少了谷物尺寸(D)和延伸因素(E),这被谷物结构观察发现,并且改进了equiaxed谷物比例(P)和球状因素()。在学习的四钢之中,最小的谷物尺寸和最大的equiaxed谷物比例被联合把Ti和Nb加到钢获得。SEM观察显示了那几种猛冲例如锡,MC(在Nb的富人),等等,洗阶段(Fe2Nb)在相应的钢形成了。另外,用Thermo计算软件计算的结果说明了那听在合适的Ti和N内容在液体猛抛。同时,团结间隔(T)被Ti或Nb的增加扩大,并且Nb的有效性比Ti强壮。基于试验性并且计算结果,在equiaxed谷物比例的谷物精炼和增长的机制被讨论。
简介:对开发物理蒸汽免职(PVD)涂层为他们的优秀机械性质和腐蚀抵抗作为一组有希望的保护的涂层识别了的multilayered或nanolayered有许多兴趣。在这研究,multilayeredCrN/Cr2有不同bilayer时期的O3涂层()被弧离子plating(AIP)与纯氮和纯氧的其他的空气从一个Cr目标在擦亮的高速度钢底层上综合技术。结果表明multilayered涂层的微观结构,形态学和性质被bilayer时期强烈影响()。在multilayeredCrN/Cr2O3涂层:锋利的和模糊的。与减少价值,,宏粒子密度逐渐地减少了涂层microhardness,粘合剂力量并且穿首先稍微增加,然后减少或作为bilayer时期仍然保持稳定的抵抗<590nm。multilayeredCrN/Cr2有590nm的bilayer时期的O3涂层拥有了最好的全面性质,也就是最高的microhardness,最强壮的粘附,并且最低穿率。