简介：Anewtypeofelectrochemicaloscillationinducedbysurfactantwasobservedinexperiments.TheelectrochemicalsystemisaDaniellcellwithacopperrodinCuSO4aqueousandanaluminumrodinAl(NO3)3aqueousaselectrodes.ThesurfactantsareCTAB,TX-100,SLS.Theadditionoftracesurfactantsolutionbyamicro-syringemadetheoriginalmonotonouslychangingelectrochemicalsystemproduceobviousperiodicphenomena.Atthemeantime,thecopperionselectiveelectrodeandHg2SO4referenceelectrodewereusedtomonitorthecopperelectrodereactionanddetermineitsrateconstantkoffirstorderreaction.Accordingtotheexperimentalresultsofelectrodereactionkinetics,thepossiblemechanismwasfoundtobethepolarizationinducedfromthedirectionaladsorptionoftracesurfactantontheelectrodesurface.Thatistheelectrochemicaloscillations.

简介：K.J.,K.W. and K.R. Lees,we determined whether isoflurane preconditioning reduced glutamate receptor over-stimulation-induced neuronal death. Our results showed that isoflurane preconditioning reduced the neuronal death caused by over-stimulation of the major glutamate receptors [12]. Kapinya et al should be credited as the first group to show that isoflurane preconditioning induced a delayed phase of neuroprotection [13]. Our in vivo study showed that this protection was mediated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 [14]. The isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells involved the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-early growth response gene 1-Bcl-2 pathway activation [15]. Our in vivo study also showed that isoflurane preconditioning induced a delayed phase of protection in immature brains [16]. This protection was sustained even when animals were examined at one month after the brain ischemia [17]. In summary

简介：在易碎的材料的动态裂缝繁殖的预言仍然是许多设计的域里的一个重要问题。重新协调的技术基于放大边界，有限元素方法(SBFEM)被扩大在易碎的材料预言动态裂缝繁殖。结构第一被划分成很多superelements，仅仅的边界是有线元素的discretized的需要。在SBFEM明确的表达，僵硬和超级元素的罐头的集体矩阵与标准有限元素无缝地被联合，因此，通用性的优点和FEM的灵活性很好被维持。结构的短暂反应能用一个标准时间集成计划在时间领域直接被计算。当时，动态压力紧张因素(DSIF)能由于SBFEM的半分析的性质在裂缝繁殖期间是解决的经分解。为裂缝尖端的仅仅好网孔discretization超级元素被需要为压力紧张因素(SIF)的决心保证要求的精确性。根据预言的裂缝尖端位置，有最小的网孔变化的一个简单重新协调的算法被建议模仿动态裂缝繁殖。数字例子显示建议方法能有效地被用来包括一个中央裂缝在一个有限大小的矩形的盘子中处理动态裂缝繁殖。比较与在文学可得到的结果被做，它显示出在对方之间的好同意。

简介：K.J.,K.W. and K.R. Lees,J.M.

简介：volatile anesthetics can induce acute and delayed phases of preconditioning effects in the brain. Since isoflurane is a relatively safe agent and has been frequently used in patients with potential brain ischemia,7]. We showed for the first time that preconditioning with the volatile anesthetic isoflurane induced an acute phase of neuroprotection [8]. Our subsequent study showed that this isoflurane preconditioning-induced acute phase of neuroprotection was dose-dependent with an EC50 1.17% and that preconditioning the brain with isoflurane for 15-30 min was needed for the preconditioning to be maximally protective. This effect was glutamate transporter-dependent [9]. Other volatile anesthetics,we determined whether isoflurane preconditioning reduced glutamate receptor over-stimulation-induced neuronal death. Our results showed that isoflurane preconditioning reduced the neuronal death caused by over-stimulation of the major glutamate receptors [12]. Kapinya et al should be credited as the first group to show that isoflurane preconditioning induced a delayed phase of neuroprotection [13]. Our in vivo study showed that this protection was mediated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 [14]. The isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells involved the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-early growth response gene 1-Bcl-2 pathway activation [15]. Our in vivo study also showed that isoflurane preconditioning induced a delayed phase of protection in immature brains [16]. This protection was sustained even when animals were examined at one month after the brain ischemia [17]. In summary

简介：Basedontheself-excitedvibrationtheoryofice,thevibrationcontroltechnologyofjacketplatformisstudiedinthispaper.Themagnetorheologicalsuspensions(MR)unitischosenasthedamper,thecontrolobjectivefunctionforvibrationexcitedbyiceisdeterminedbyinstantaneousoptimalcontrol(IOC)method,andgeneticalgorithm(GA)isusedtoselecttheoptimalcontrolforce.Forthejacketplatformof40minheightanda3-floordeck,thevibrationresponsesinducedbyicehavebeencalculatedbeforeandaftercontrolconsideringthedifferentthicknessandspeedofice.Itisshownthatthecontrolmethodpresentedinthispapercanreducethevibrationresponseby30%,anditisfeasibletoadoptMRabsorberandGAinthecontrolofvibrationinducedbyice.

简介：Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatstraininjuriesoccurthroughtheexcessivelengtheningofamuscle.~(1–3)However,theprecisemechanismforstraininjuryremainselusiveandhasbeenthesubjectofrecentdebateintheJournalofSportandHealthScience,~(4–9)butitseemssensibletoconsidermechanismsatthelevelofthemusclefiber.Itwaspreviouslybelievedthatdamagewastheresultofnon-uniformstretchingofsarcomeres

简介：Exercise-inducedrhabdomyolysis（exRML）,apathophysiologicalconditionofskeletalmusclecelldamagethatmaycauseacuterenalfailureandinsomecasesdeath.IncreasedCa2+levelincellsalongwithfunctionaldegradationofcellsignalingsystemandcellmatrixhavebeensuggestedasthemajorpathologicalmechanismsassociatedwithexRML.TheonsetofexRMLmaybeexhibitedinathletesaswellasingeneralpopulation.PreviousstudieshavereportedthatpossiblecausesofexRMLwereassociatedwithexcessiveeccentriccontractionsinhightemperature,abnormalelectrolytesbalance,andnutritionaldeficienciespossiblegeneticdefects.However,theunderlyingmechanismsofexRMLhavenotbeenclearlyestablishedamonghealthprofessionalsorsportsmedicinepersonnel.Therefore,wereviewedthepossiblemechanismsandcorrelatedpreventionofexRML,whileprovidingusefulandpracticalinformationfortheathleteandgeneralexercisingpopulation.

简介：损坏结构的碎片引起的危险在意外爆炸或敌对强风事件通常是重要的。估计可能的碎片尺寸，速度和发射距离的一个可靠、有效的方法将是有用的估计并且设计反措施减轻可能的碎片危险。这篇论文为预言尺寸和石工技术墙的爆炸损坏引起的碎片的发射距离论述一个数字方法。有不同放大距离的数字模拟被执行，并且碎片的统计分发功能缩放，发射距离以放大距离被导出。

简介：

简介：Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexamine,usingmeta-analyticmeasures,theevidenceregardingtheoptimalexerciseintensityatwhichimprovementsinspeedofcognitivefunctionaretriggered.Specifically,itwashypothesizedthatthecatecholamine,lactate,andventilatorythresholdsisthepointatwhichsignificantimprovementsinspeedofcognitivefunctionareobserved.Methods:Wecomparedmeaneffectsizesforthresholdstudiesandforthosestudieswhereexerciseintensitywasclassedasmoderate(40%e79%VO2maxorequivalent)butinwhichthethresholdswerenotmeasured.Results:Randomeffectsmeta-analysisshowedsignificant,moderate,meaneffectsizesforstudiesatthethreshold(g=0.58,Z=2.98,p<0.003)andforthoseduringmoderateintensityexercisebutinwhichthethresholdwasnotmeasured(g=0.54,Z=5.01,p<0.001).Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenmeaneffectsizes,whichsuggeststhatthethresholdsareunlikelytorepresentatriggerpoint.Conclusion:Moderateintensityexercise,evenbelowthethresholds,caninduceimprovedspeedofcognition,possiblyduetoacombinationofincreasedperipheralcatecholamineconcentrationsinducingvagal/nucleustractussolitariipathwayactivationandcentralincreasesduetoperceptionsofstress.

简介：

简介：Background:Plateletrichplasma(PRP)therapyiswidelyusedinenhancingtherecoveryofskeletalmusclefrominjury.However,theimpactofintramusculardeliveryofPRPonhematologicandbiochemicalresponseshasnotbeenfullyelucidatedinexercise-inducedmuscledamage.ThepurposeofthisinvestigationtheeffectsofintramusculardeliveryofPRPonhematologicandbiochemicalresponsesandrecoverystrategymuscledamageinducedbyhighintensitymuscleexercise(exercise-inducedmuscledamage,EIMD).Methods:Moderatelyactivemalevolunteersparticipatedinthisstudyandwereassignedtoacontrolgroup(control,n=6)andPRPadministrationgroup(PRP,n=6).Thesubjectsperformedexercisewithaloadof80%onerepetitionmaximum(1RM)maximalvoluntarycontractionoftheelbowflexorsuntilpointofexhaustionofthenon-dominantarmwasreached.ThearmsweretreatedwithsalineorautologousPRPpost-24hEIMD.Venousbloodsampleswereobtainedinthemorningtoestablishabaselinevalueand1–4dayspost-exerciseandwereanalyzedforserumferritin,iron,ironbindingcapacity(IBC),creatininekinase(CK),lactatedehydrogenase(LDH),aspartateaminotransferase(AST),andalanineaminotransferase(ALT).Results:Thebaselinelevelsofplasmairon,ferritin,IBC,CK,LDH,AST,andALTweresimilarinboththecontrolandPRPgroups.However,24-hfollowingexerciseasignificantincreaseintheseparameterswasobservedinbothgroupsbetween1and4daysduringtherecoveryperiod.Interestingly,PRPadministrationdecreasedplasmaironlevelscomparedtothecontrolontheseconddaypost-exercise.PlasmaIBCincreasedinPRPgroupfromDays2to4post-exercisecomparedtothecontrolgroupwhilstPRPadministrationhadnoeffectonplasmaferritin,CK,AST,ALT,orLDH.Conclusion:Acuteexhaustiveexerciseincreasedmuscledamagemarkers,includingplasmairon,IBC,andferritinlevels,indicatingmuscledamageinducedbyexercise.PRPadministrationimprovesinflammationbyreversingtheincreaseintheironlevelspost-exercisewi