简介:不同尺寸的喷雾器被一个安德森空气刺绣花样收集观察黑碳(BC)的详细形态学与另外的伴随的喷雾器化学上被分开的喷雾器,用与一个精力DispersiveX光线分光计(SEM-EDX)装备的一台扫描电子显微镜。结果显示大多数BC喷雾器是在直径并且与同类的表面的大约50nm的球形的粒子。结果也证明这些粒子与另外的喷雾器或与自己一起聚集形成更大在测微计范围聚结。这些50-nmBC球形的粒子的形状被发现很类似于免除石油动力的车辆的内燃机的BCparticles的。这些球形的BCparticles被显示与发现帮助usingMatrix的激光解吸附作用/电离蒂米夫莱特·马斯·斯佩克特罗梅特里(MALDI-TOF-MS)的以前报导的fullerenes不同。
简介:Inthepast,peopledidnotrealizetheformationandstructureofgalaxies.Theyevenmistooktheblackholeshiddeninthecenterofagalaxyasindependentcelestialobjects,makingblackholesmysteriousandunbelievable.Itwasonlyaftertheauthorstudiedanddiscoveredthelawsoftheformationandevolutionofsatellites,planetsandstarsthatheputforwardthescientifictheoryofgalaxyformationandevolution,thereforerevealingthehierarchicalstructureofgalaxyandtheexistenceandcharacteristicsofblackholesasthemainnodesofgalacticstructure.
简介:我们在场有在非线性的electrodynamics的宇宙论的经常的Λ的常规黑洞的一个班。而不是在黑洞地平线后面的平常的奇特,所有领域和弯曲invariants为常规黑洞到处是常规的。通过计量器不变的途径,常规黑洞的线性地动态的稳定性被学习。在odd-paritysector,我们发现Λ术语不出现在不安的主人方程,常规黑洞在奇怪同等值的不安下面是稳定的whichshows。在另一方面为平同等值的部门,没有宇宙论的常数,主人方程是比盒子更复杂的。我们为常规黑洞的稳定性获得足够的条件。我们也调查常规黑洞的热力学的性质,并且发现那些热力学的数量不满足黑洞热力学的第一条法律的微分表格。为违背第一条法律的原因被揭示。
简介:Ultrasound(US)-inducedcavitationisaneffectivewayinoxidizingorganiccontaminantsinwastewatereitherastheindependentoperationunitorincombinationwithotheroxidationmethods.Inthispaper,blackliquorandfiltrateafteracidifyingandsettlingweresonicated.Theeffectofworkingparametersonultrasonicdegradationofblackliquor,suchasdifferentcombinationmethods,frequency,powersupply,initialconcentration,pH,durationtime,ionicstrengthandcatalystwerestudied.Theresultswereasfollows:(1)Attheconditionsof40kHz,100W,4h,pHat6andtemperature30±2℃,utilizingUS/US-H2O2/US-Fenton,weak-orangefiltrateturnedtocolloidwiththeincreaseoftimeandlittlesedimentproducedaftersettling.EspeciallyfiltratecametobemilkwhitecollidesandupperwaterapproachedtonearlyachromaticbyUS-Fenton.ComparedwiththeUS,US-H2O2/US-FentonCOD(Chemicaloxidationdemand)removalratiocanincrease15%,30%respectively.Becauseofmorehydroxylradicalsproducedinthereactionprocess;(2)Attheconditionof100Wand4h,thedegradationefficiencyofblackliquorwasbetterat40kHzoverat20kHz.Moreoverblackliquorcanbebiodegradedeasily.Thosebasedonthatthebigmoleculeofcontaminantsinaqueoussolutioncanbechangedintothelittlemoleculewithultrasound(3)Attheconditionof40kHzand4h,theCODremovalratioofblackliquorwasmorehigherat60Wthanat80W,whiletheremovalratioofCODat60Wwasnearlyclosetotheratioat100W;(4)Theinitialconcentrationofblackliquorinfluencedtheeffectofsonochemicaldegradation;(5)ThevariationofpHhadnoeffectondegradation;(6)Thelongerthedurationtime,thegreatertheremovalratioofCOD.Butthisratioincreasedslowlyafter4h;(7)Adding0.2g/LNaCltochangetheionicstrengthoftheblackliquor,theCODremovalratiocanincrease10%;(8)ThedegradationratesincreasedbythecoexistentcatalystsofTiO2,Co2+andAg+.
简介:Abstract.WeobtainaBlack-Scholesformulaforthearbitrage-freepricingofEu-ropeanCalloptionswithconstantcoefficientswhentheunderlylngstockgeneratesdividends.TohedgetheCalloption,wewillalwaysborrowmoneyfrombank.WeseetheinfluenceofthedividendtermontheoptionpricingviathecomparisontheoremofBSDE(backwardstochasticdi~erentialequation[5],[7]).WealsoconsidertheoptionpricingproblemintermsoftheborrowingrateRwhichisnotequaltotheinterestrater.ThecorrespondingBlack-Sdxolesformulaisgiven.Wenoticethatitisinfacttheborrowingratethatplaystheroleinthepricingformula.
简介:Thequantumnon-cloningtheoremisdiscussedforGarfinkle-Hornedilatonblackholes.Itisfoundthatiftheblackholecomplementarityprincipleiscorrect,thenitwillbequestionedwhetherthequantumnon-cloningtheoremiswellestablishedinsidetheinnerhorizon.ItisalsofoundthatanothercomplementarityprinciplemaybeneededinsidetheinnerhorizonoftheGarfinkle-Hornedilatonblackhole.
简介:Weconductedmeasurementsofblackcarbon(BC)aerosolinJiaxing,ChinaduringautumnfromSeptember26toNovember30,2013.WeinvestigatedtemporalanddiurnalvariationsofBC,anditscorrelationswithmeteorologicalparametersandothermajorpollutants.ResultsshowedthathourlymassconcentrationsofBCrangedfrom0.2to22.0μg/m3,withanaverageof5.1μg/m3.ThediurnaivariationofBCexhibitedabimodaldistribution,withpeaksat07:00and18:00.Themorningpeakwaslargerthantheeveningpeak.ThemasspercentagesofBCinPM2.5andPM10were7.1%and4.8%,respectively.TheabsorptioncoefficientofBCwascalculatedtobe44.4Mm-1,whichaccountedfor11.1%ofthetotalaerosolextinction.BCwasmainlyemittedfromlocalsourcesinsouthwesternJiaxingwhereBCconcentrationsweregenerallygreaterthan11μg/m3duringthemeasurementperiod.CorrelationanalysisindicatedthatthemainsourcesofBCweremotorvehicleexhaust,anddomesticandindustrialcombustion.
简介:TheentanglemententropyofanacousticblackholeinaBose–Einsteincondensates(BEC)isderived,whichisassociatedwiththephononsgeneratedviatheHawkingmechanisminasonichole.ConsideringthedispersionrelationofaBEC,werecalculatetheentanglemententropyoftheacousticblackholebymeansofstatisticalmethodintwolimits.Wefindthattheentropyisstillproportionaltotheareaofeventhorizon,butwithacoefcientdependentontheinfraredcutof.
简介:在这份报纸,我们在灯芯的意义在一个部分Black-Scholes模型调查分离时间hedging策略的错误的asymptotic行为--它?-Skorohod集成。hedging错误的集中的率由于分离时间的做贸易当真策略以商人著名时,被调查。结果提供新统计工具学习并且检测效果长记忆并且为分离时间hedging的错误的林中小丘参数。
简介:Recently,considerableprogresshasbeenmadeinunderstandingtheearlyuniversebyloopquantumcosmology.Modestoetal.investigatedtheloopquantumblackhole(LQBH)usingimprovedsemiclassicalanalysisandtheyfoundthattheLQBHhastwohorizons,aneventhorizonandaCauchyhorizon,justliketheReissner-Nordstr¨omblackhole.ThispaperfocusesonthedynamicalevolutionofamasslessscalarwaveintheLQBHbackground.ByinvestigatingtherelationbetweenthecomplexfrequenciesofthemasslessscalarfieldandtheLQBHparametersusingthenumericalmethod,wefindthatthepolymericparameterPmakesthemasslessscalarfielddecaymorequicklyandmakesthegroundscalarwaveoscillateslowly.However,thepolymericparameterPcausesthefrequencyofthehighharmonicmasslessscalarwavetoshiftaccordingtoitsvalue.Wealsofindthattheloopquantumgravityareagapparametera0causesthemasslessscalarfieldtodecaymoreslowlyandmakestheperiodofthemasslessscalarfieldwavebecomelonger.Inthecomplexωplane,thefrequencycurvesmovecounterclockwisewhenthepolymericparameterPincreasesandthisspiraleffectismoreobviousforahigherharmonicscalarwave.
简介:使用Hamilton-Jacobi方法,兜售从一个动态Vaidya黑洞的明显的地平线的放射是计算的。黑洞热力学能在明显的地平线上成功地被造。如果相对论的不安被给明显的地平线,类似的计算能也导致一个完全热的系列,它从前者对应于修改温度。热力学的第一条法律能也在从明显的地平线有小偏差的新supersurface成功地被构造。当事件地平线从明显的地平线作为如此的偏差被认为时,典型位置和温度的表情与断言那热力学应该在事件地平线上被造的以前的结果一致。完全当事件地平线热力学只是明显的地平线附近的不安之一时,热力学应该在明显的地平线上被构造,这被结束完全当事件地平线热力学只是明显的地平线附近的明显的地平线附近的不安之一时。
简介:UsingthemonodromytechniqueproposedbyMotlandNeitzke(.Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.7(2003)307),weinvestigatetheanalyticformsoftheasymptoticquasinormalfrequenciesforthemasslessscalarperturbationintheGarfinkle-Horowitz-Stromingerdilatonspacetime.WefindthattherealpartsofthequasinormalfrequenciesareTHln3.ThisagreeswiththatofthequasinormalmodesintheSchwarzschildspacetime.OurresultimpliesthatHod'sconjectureaboutIn3isstillvalidfortheblackholespacetimeinthestringtheory.
简介:由于它的突出的电子性质,黑磷(BP)为下一代的optoelectronic设备被看作有希望的材料。在这个工作,设备基于BP/MXene(Zrn+1CnT2,T=O,F,哦,n=1,2)货车derWaals(vdW)heterostructures经由第一原则的计算被设计。Zrn+1Cn有适当工作功能的T2作文在垂直方向导致与BP的欧姆的接触的形成。低Schottky障碍在BP/Zr2CF2,BP/Zr2公司2H2,BP/Zr3C2F2,和BP/Zr3C2O2H2bilayers,并且BP/Zr3C2O2甚至展出欧姆的接触行为。BP/Zr2公司2是有type-II乐队排列的半导体的heterostructure,它便于电子洞对的分离。BP/Zr2公司2能有效地经由一个垂直电场被调节,并且BP被预言在0.4V/电场从施主经历转变到领受人。在这个工作检验的BP/MXeneheterostructures的万用的电子性质在电子学为应用加亮他们的有希望的潜力。