简介：AlatticeBoltzmannnumericalmodelingmethodwasdevelopedtopredictskinconcentrationaftertopicalapplicationofadrugontheskin.ThemethodisbasedonD2Q9latticespacesassociatedwiththeBhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK)collisiontermtosolvetheconvection-diffusionequation(CDE).Asimulationwascarriedoutindifferentrangesofthevalueofbound,whichisrelatedtoskincapillaryclearanceandthevolumeofdiffusionduringapercutaneousabsorptionprocess.Whenatypicaldrugisusedontheskin,thevalueofcorrespondstotheamountofdrugabsorbedbythebloodandtheabsorptionofthedrugaddedtotheskin.Theeffectofwasstudiedforwhentheregionofskincontactisalinesegmentontheskinsurface.

简介：我们给更有效的标准描述主要理想或主要的理想。进一步，我们获得理想在从Gr的真实的地里主要或主要的必要、足够的条件?bner底直接。

简介：Themainresultsofthispaperarestatedasfollows.LetRbeanorderringinthesemi-primaryringQ.SupposethatRsatisfiesthemaximalconditionfornilrightidealsofR,Thenwehave(i)ifanidealIofRhasafinitelengthasrightR-module,thenIalsohasafinitelengthasleftR-module;(ii)denotebyA(R)theArtinianradicalofR,andNthenilradicalofR,thenA(R)+N/N=A(R/N),ifRsatisfiesthecommutativecondi-tiononthezeroproductofprimeidealsofB.

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简介：Soundisoneoftheinformationcarriersoftenusedinanimalcommunication.Soundproducedbyani-malsisusefulnotonlyinintraspecificcommunication,butalsoinalarmoraggression.Threebasicproblemsinhearingshouldberesolvedi.e.frequencyselectivity,patternrecognitionandsounddirection.Withintracellularrecordingandsinglecellstainingtechniques,frequencyselectivityofprimaryauditoryneuronsinthebushcrickethasbeenstudied.Eachneuronhasitscharacteristicbestfrequency(BF)andtuningcurveinresponsetosound.Thecentralprojectionsoftheiraxonsintheprothoracicganglionareunilateral,non-transsegmentalandofsomecorrespondingrelationtotheirBFs.Neuralmechanismsforfrequencyanalysisinspecies-specificsongrecognitionofthebushcricketarediscussed.

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简介：Afreeelectronlaser(FEL)withitscharacteristicsofwidewavelengthtunability,ultrashortpulsetimestructure,andhighpeakpowerdensityispredominantlysuperiortoallotherconventionallasersinapplications.Severalexperimentalstudiesonmid-infraredFELirradiationondentalenamelanddentinewereperformedattheBeijingFEL.EXperimentalaimsweretoinvestigatechangesinthehardness,ratiosofPtoCaandCsbeforeandafterirradiationonsampleswithacharateristicabsorptionwavelengthof9.66μm,inthecolorsofthesesamplesurfacesafterirradiationwithdifferentwavelengthsaroundthepeakwavelength.ThetimedependenceoftemperatureofthedentinesamplewasmeasuredwithitspspulseeffectscomparedtothatwithacontinuousCO2laser.FTIRabsorptionspectraintherangeof2.5-15.4μmforsamplesoftheseharddentalsubstancesandpurehydroxyapatitewerefirstexaminedtodecidtheirchemicalcomponentsandabsorptionmaximums.Primaryexperimentalresultewillbepresented.2001ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.

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简介：Thefructosemodifiedchitosanmicrocarries(CMs)werepreparedbythereactionofglutaraldehydewithfructose-modifiedchitosan.Variousfactorsthatinfluencethepreparationwerestudiedandthereactionconditionswereoptimized.MorphologyofrathepatocytesculturedonCMswasobservedusingphasecontrastmicroscopeandscanningelectronmicroscope,andthemetabolicactivitiesweremeasured.RathepatocytesculturedonCMsretainedthesphericalshapeastheyhaveinvivoandhadhighmetabolicactivities.FructosecanenhancethemetabolicactivityofhepatocytesandthemodifiedCMsarepromisingscaffoldforhepatocytesattachment.

简介：Thispaperaddsanegativevelocityfeedbacktothedynamicalsystemoftwin-tailaircrafttosuppressthevibration.Thesystemisrepresentedbytwocoupledsecond-ordernonlineardifferentialequationshavingbothquadraticandcubicnonlinearities.Thesystemdescribesthevibrationofanaircrafttailsubjectedtobothmulti-harmonicandmulti-tunedexcitations.Themethodofmultipletimescaleperturbationisadoptedtosolvethenonlineardifferentialequationsandobtainapproximatesolutionsuptoth...

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简介：‘Stent对stent’研究是被设计与以前同意的相比显示出新stent图案的优势的一种使随机化的试用。这些研究被规章的机构通常使用，例如美国食物药品管理局(食物及药品管理局)，到表示同意到新stent图案。有这些临床的试用的问题是他们的高费用和困难。在这份报纸，为‘stent对stent’的一种数字选择复杂临床的研究被介绍。一个有限元素模型被开发在冠的stent放置以后在结果上调查stent设计的影响。二商业地可得到的stents(NIR和多连接stents)被建模，他们的行为以压力分发在推广期间被比较，光线的获得，外部直径变化并且节略。而且，狭窄率上的stent设计的效果被在动脉以内比较压力分发调查。在stented动脉的动脉的墙压力的分析显示多连接stent设计原因与slotted试管NIR设计相比与局部性的stenotic损害降低应力到一个动脉粥样硬化患者容器。有观察临床的狭窄的调查结果相互关联与多连接stent设计相比在NIR评估狭窄率，它更高报导了。

简介：氨基甲酸酯，硫安类药剂和乙酰胺到的intramolecularorganocatalyticenantioselectiveaza-Michael反应，不饱和的酉同类被开发。这个过程被9-amino-9-deoxy-epi-quinine和diphenyl氢磷酸盐支持与优秀enantioselectivity(92%-97.5%ee)和很好的收益(多达99%)负担得起几综合地有用的五成员、六成员的heterocycles的直接、迅速的合成。