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简介：TakingShandongProvinceastheresearchobject,thispaperusestheprincipalcomponentanalysismethodtoevaluatethestatusoftheruralhumansettlementinShandongProvince.ItestablishestheevaluationindexsystemoftheruralresidentialenvironmentinShandongProvince,includinglivingenvironment,economy,infrastructure,publicservicefacilities,andecologicalenvironment,intotalfivecomprehensiveindex,and20secondaryindexes.ThroughmeasurementandsortingofruralhumanenvironmentdevelopmentlevelofShandongProvincein2010,the17citiesaredividedinto-excellent,good,ordinary,poor-fourdevelopmentareasandareanalyzedbasedontherestrictionfactorinthedevelopmentoftheregion.更多还原

简介：Duetoanumberoffactorsoutlinedinthisarticle,theissueofpopulationgrowthisexcludedfromthesustainabilitydiscussion.Inthisarticle,weexploresomeoftheethicalpresumptionsthatunderlietheissueslinkingpopulationgrowthandsustainability.Criticsarguethatactiontoaddresspopulationcreatessocialandeconomicsegregation,andportrayoverpopulationconcernsasbeing'anti-poor,''anti-developingcountry,'oreven'antihuman.'Yet,de-linkingdemographicfactorsfromsustainabilityconcernsignoressignificantglobalrealitiesandtrends,suchastheecologicallimitsoftheEarth,thewelfareandlong-termlivelihoodofthemostvulnerablegroups,futureprospectsofhumanity,aswellastheecosystemsthatsupportsociety.

简介：Carbonemissionisthecurrenthotissueofglobalconcern.Howtoassessvariouscontributingfactorsforcarbonemissionisofgreatimportancetofindoutthekeyfactorsandpromotecarbonemissionreduction.Inthispaper,theauthorconstructsanidenticalequationforcarbonemission,basedontheeconomicaggregate,theeconomicstructure,theefficiencyofenergyutilization,thestructureofenergyconsumption,andthecoefficientofcarbonemission;byapplyingtoLMDIdecompositiontechnology,theauthoranalyzesthecarbonemissionofChinafrom1995to2007atindustriallevelandregionallevel.TheresultsshowthattheexpansionofeconomicaggregateisthemainreasonforChina'srapidlyincreasingcarbonemissionandtheincreaseofenergyutilizationefficiencyisthekeyfactorthatcanholdbacktheincreaseofcarbonemission.Inaddition,thechangeofindustrialstructureorregionalstructureandthechangeoftraditionalenergystructurehavelimitedinfluenceonthecarbonemission,andtheirpotentialshavenotyetbeenexploited.Attheendofthispaper,theauthorproposestheeffortsthatChinashouldmaketoreducecarbonemission.

简介：TheimportanceofsolvingtheemploymentproblemsbynongovernmentaleconomyinChinahasarousedtheconcernofmanyscholarswidely.However,fewliteraturescouldbefoundtodealwiththeimpactsonnonagriculturalemploymentgrowthinChinabynongovernmentaleconomyfromseverallevelssuchasthewholenation,urbanandrural.Basedontheresearchaccessedontherelationshipsbetweennongovernmentaleconomyandem-ployment,theimpactsofthedevelopmentofnongovernmentaleconomyonnon-agriculturalemploymentgrowthinChinaareemphasizedinthispaper.Takingtimeseriesdataofnon-agriculturalemploymentinChina’sdifferenteconomytypesin1992–2005asstudyobjects,byestablishingeconometricre-gressionmodels,somemeaningfulpointsarefoundasfollows,theimpactsofnongovernmentaleconomyonthenonagriculturalemploymentineithernationalorurban-rurallevelarerathersig-nificantalthoughtheirimpacts’degreesaredifferent.Basedontheresearchfindingsabove,somecountermeasuresareproposedtoacceleratethenongovernmentaleconomicdevelopmentandim-proveitsabilitytoabsorbnonagriculturalemployment.

简介：Intheanalysisofhowenvironmentalregulationaffectsthecomparativeadvantageoftrade,existingliteratureignoresindustry’sinherentheterogeneity,whichdrawsremarkablydifferentconclusions.Inviewofthis,thepaperanalyzedthemechanismofenvironmentalregulationontheexportqualityofdifferentindustriesfromtheperspectiveoffactorinputstructureheterogeneity.BasedonthepaneldataofChina’smanufacturingindustry,thepaperusedthesystemgeneralizedmethodofmomentsmethodtoexaminetheheterogeneityinfluenceofenvironmentalregulationonmanufacturingexportquality.Thestudyfoundthat,first,environmentalregulationaffectedtheexportqualityupgradeofthemanufacturingsectorthroughoffseteffectandcompensationeffect,andthedirectionoftheimpactwouldmainlydependontheindustry’sfactorinputstructure.Second,forindustrieswithlargerfixed-assetinvestment(FAI)ratiointhefactorinputstructure,thecurrentenvironmentalregulationpolicywasnotconducivetotheexportqualityupgradingoftheindustries.However,therewasasignificantU-shapeddynamicrelationshipbetweenthem.Asenvironmentalregulationsbecamestricter,whenregulatorystringencywentbeyondtheinflectionpoint,thepolicywouldpromotetheupgradingofexportquality.ButforindustrieswithsmallerproportionofFAI,environmentalregulationexertedafavorableimpactontheexportqualityupgrade,followingaJ-shapedmarginalgrowthcurve.Third,forindustrieswithdifferentfactorinputstructure,theirexportqualityhadbeeneffectivelyupgradedasexpectedbyfactorslikehumancapitalinvestment,independentR&D,technologyintroduction,andforeigndirectinvestment;butraisingpercapitacapitalstockandexpandingenterprisesizedidnotproducesignificantdirectimpactonexportqualityupgrade.Theseconclusionsremainedrobustafterusingdifferentmeasurementmethodsandreplacingwithothervariables.Therefore,thispapersuggeststhatgovernmentsshouldt

简介：Fromtheperspectiveoftourismcompetitiveness,thepapertakes12islandcountiesofChinaastheresearchobject,andappliesthemethodoffactoranalysistostudytheircompetitiveness.TheresultshowsthatPutuoandDinghaiaremorecompetitivewhilePingtanandNan’aoarelesscompetitive.Finally,the12islandcountiesaredividedintofourstyles:first-classcompetitivecounty(Putuo),seond-classcompetitivecounties(Dinghai,Yuhuan),third-classcompetitivecounties(Chongming,Daishan,Changdao,ChanghaiandShengsi),fourth-classcompetitivecounties(Dongshan,Dongtou,PingtanandNan’ao)byclusteranalysis.Theclassificationofislandcountiesistocleartheirrelativeposition,thentopromotetheirdevelopment.

简介：TheflowofrurallabortourbanisasignificantphenomenoninChinaduringthelast20years.Inspiteofmanyresearchesfocusonthedrivingforceofeconomy,terrainisanimportantindexintheruraldevelopment.Thereisaquestionthatwhethertheflowofrurallaborhassomerelationshipswithterrain.Thestudyusedthereliefdegreeoflandsurface(RDLS)asterrainindex,andthecostdistancemodelandthecenterofgravitymodeltoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenterrainandlaborflows.Theresultsindicated:(1)Inthelast20years,therurallaborforcewasnotsimplyflowingtothelowterrainregioninShaanxiprovince.AndtheRDLSwasconstantlystrengtheningtheinfluenceonthemovement.(2)TheRDLSwaslowinGuanzhongregion,andthetranslationofrurallaborsrelativelywasnotsignificant.SinceNorthShaanxiactastheenergyindustrybase,thenumberofrurallaborsthereincreasedfasterthaninSouthShaanxi.(3)Themovementsofeconomicalcenterstookanimportantroleinthechangeofrurallaborcenters,andterrainfactorsalsoshowedahighcorrelationwiththem.Itisfoundthattheloweroftheterrainindex,thehigherofthelandintensivedegree,themoreintensiveofnonagriculturalizationprocess.

简介：Chinaisexperiencingaprocessofrapidindustrializationandurbanizationatthecostofagriculturallandandenvironment,particularlyinthecostalareas.ThisstudytakesJinanasacasepresentingatime-seriesanalysisofurbanlandexpansionfrom313to2003.TheresultsshowthattheurbanexpansionofJinancitymainlytookplaceinthelast100years,especiallyaftertheeconomicreformin1978.Socialdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth,urbanpopulationgrowthandmigrationpolicieswerefactorsdrivingtheurbanlandexpansion.Urbansprawlresultedinadisappearanceofwetlandsandagreatlossofagriculturalland,andover-pumpingofgroundwaterthatledtodisappearanceofthecity'sfeature,namely"thecityofsprings".

简介：Bymeansofthedynamicregressionmodel,thispaperanalyzestherelationshipsamongeconomicgrowth,urbanizationandchangesofcultivatedlandinChina,findsthattheratioofcultivatedlandoccupiedbyeconomicgrowthisdecreasingwithsocialandeconomicgrowth.And,basedonthat,somepolicysuggestionsonhowtopromotethesustainableuseofcultivatedlandinChinaareputforward.

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简介：Projectionsfor20yearsofeconomicgrowthandchangeinthestructureoftheThaieconomyweremadefor180sectorsusingacomputablegeneralequilibrium(CGE)modeltocomparethefollowingfourscenarios:(1)standardgrowthwithinfinitesupplyoffactors,(2)finitelandsupply,(3)fixeduseofagriculturalchemicals,and(4)combinedfinitelandsupplywithfixeduseofagriculturalchemicals.Thecomputableprojectionssuggestthattheeconomiccostofhypotheticalenvironmentalcontrolinagricultureissmallandfurtherweakenedbyurbanization.Thecomputedstructuraldevelopmentpointstoefficiencyimprovementsspecifictosectorstoreturntheeconomytobalancedgrowth.

简介：Inthispaper,theauthorshaveanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenenergyintensitygapandGDPperworkergapofChina'swesternandeasternprovincesovertheperiod1997-2006.Usingpaneldatamodelwithlagadjustment,takingtheaboveprovincesandsixindustrialsectors(agriculture,forestry,animalhusbandry,andfisheries,industry,constructionindustry,transport,storageandpost&telecommunications,wholesaleandretailtrades&cateringindustry,andothersectorsoftertiaryindustry.)astheinvestigatedsubjects,theauthorshaveconductedempiricalstudyontheconvergenceofGDPperworkergapandtheconvergenceofenergyintensitygapwithrespecttothevariationofGDPperworkergap,andhaveconcludedthat:First,theGDPperworkergapofthesixindustrialsectorsandprovincesareconvergent,andofthis,theconvergencerateofGDPperworkergapofConstructionIndustryisthefastest,whilethatofIndustryistheslowest.Second,theoverallenergyintensitygapbetweeneasternandwesternprovincesisconvergent,thatis,withthenarrowingofGDPperworkergapbetweeneasternandwesternprovinces,theenergyintensitygapconverges,butitsconvergencerateisslowerthanthatofGDPperworkergap.Third,energyintensitygapbetweenvariousindustrialsectorsoftheeastandthewestiseitherconvergentordivergent,andtherearedifferences.Theenergyintensitygapofagriculture,forestry,animalhusbandry,andfisheries,industry,andconstructionindustryisconvergent,whilethatoftheotherthreeindustrialsectorsisdivergent.Fourth,theconvergenceoftheoverallenergyintensityofthewesternprovincesisnotinconformitywiththeconvergenceofthevariousindustrialsectors,andtherearesignificantdifferences,indicatingthatthewesternprovincesandautonomousregionsshouldtakemeasurestomoreeffectivelyimprovetheiroverallenergyutilizationefficiencyattheindustrialsectorlevel.

简介：Peopleandculturecoexistandhumanresourcesdevelopmentandregionalculturalecologyintegrate.Thepresentthesisforthefirsttimeputsforwardtheintegrationmodeofhumanresourcesdevelopmentandculturalecology,arguesthatpersonnelinnovationshouldbeattractedbymotiveinjection,openculture,resourcesintegration,culturedilution,thinkingblendingandpeople-orientationanddiscussesthetransmissionmechanismforfunctionsofintegrationmodeofhumanresourcesdevelopmentandculturalecologyfromtheaspectsofculturalvalues,livingstylesandculturalindustry.

简介：Tourismisoneofthetypicallaborintensiveindustriesandtourismhumanresource(HR)isthemainfactorforregionaldiscrepancyoftourismindustry.ThepapertakesChinaasresearchregionandevaluatestheleveloftourismHRandtheleveloftourismindustryof31provincesrespectively.First,thepaperconstructsevaluationindexofregionaltourismindustryandtourismHR.Then,thepapergetstheevaluationscoresofeveryprovincebyapplyingtheprincipalcomponentsanalysisandstatisticalpackageforthesocialsciencesprocessing.Second,thepaperbuildsthetourismdevelopment-tourismHRmatrixanddividesthematrixintofourquadrants.Finally,thepaperpointsouttheproblemsoftourismHRthatexistinthe31provincesandputsforwarddevelopmentstrategy.

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简介：Althoughchemicalcontrolofpestsincreasescropproduction,itbringsalotofdamagetoenvironmentandhumanhealth.Thereexistanumberofalternativemethodsthatarenotsoharmfultoenvironmentandhumanhealth.However,whetherandhowmuchinextentthesetechnologiesadoptedareplausibledependsonthecomparisonofbenefit-costbetweenchemicalcontrolandthealternativecontrolmethods(suchasIntegratedPestManagement,IPM)andfarmers'willingness-to-pay(WTP)forenvirormentandhumanhealth.Usingcontingentvaluationmethod(CVM),theauthorinvestigatesfarmers'WTPforenvironmentandhumanhealth,recognizesthefactorsinfluencingWTP,andaccordinglypointsouttheimportanceofpestcontroltechnologyextensionandgovernmentregulationofpesticides.

简介：Basedonthefloodaffectedarea(FA)dataoftheprovincesinChinafrom1950to2005,thearticlediscussesthechangeofthefloodpatternsinChina,andinvestigatesitsrelationshipwithclimatechangeandhumanactivities.ThefloodcentershiftedfromNorthChinaandtheYangtze-Huaihebasininthe1950stowardsthesouth,northandwestofChina,andlocatedinthesouthoftheYangtzeRiverandSouthChinaafterthe1990s.TheFAinthewesternprovinceswascontinuouslyontherisesincethe1950s.TherearetwocharacteristicsforthefuturefloodpatterninChina.Thepatternof'floodinthesouthanddroughtinthenorth'dependsonthenorth-southshiftofthemaximumrainfallregionineasternChina.ThefloodintensificationtothewestofHuHuanyong'slinemainlyresultsfromtheincreaseofrainfall,extremeprecipitationandthemeltingofglaciersunderthebackgroundofhumanactivitymagnification.

简介：Thispaperestablishedanequilibriummodelincludingrepresentativehousehold,government,andeightindustries,andtwodifferentenvironmentalpolicytoolssuchascarbonintensityandcarboncapwereaddedintothemodel.Thepaperpointsoutthatthecarbonintensitypolicyimposedonmajorhigh-emissionindustriesachieveddoubledividendofenvironmentalqualityimprovementandsustainableeconomicgrowthundertheconditionofproperconstrainttarget.ThisresultsupportstheenvironmentalPorterhypothesis.Thispaperfindsoutthatthedoubledividendisduetothefactthatenvironmentalgovernancepolicyleadstotherisingpriceofresourcesanddemandoflabors,resultinginaneffectiveredistributionofproductionfactorsamongindustriesandsustainableeconomicgrowth.Furthermore,thispaperestimatesthemarginaleffectofeconomicstructureoncarbonemissionandcarbonintensityandprovidestargetedsuggestions.

简介：ThemineralresourcesexploitationstageandtheeconomicgrowthratearevariousindifferentregionsofXinjiangAutonomousregion.Usingthemethodoflocationquotient,thispaperidentifiesandclassifiestheintensiveregionsofthreetypesofmineralresources,knownascoal,oilandnaturalgas,respectively.Theintensiveregionsofeconomicgrowthwerealsoidentified,accordingtotherateofpercapitaGDPgrowthatprefecture,autonomousprefectureandcity.Therelationshipsbetweendifferentmineralresourcesandeconomicgrowtharedifferent,forexample,therelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandcoalresourceispositive,whiletherelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandoilresource,ornaturalgasresourceisnegative.ThisstudyempiricallyexaminestheeffectsofnaturalresourcesoneconomicgrowthofXinjiang.Theresultsshowthatwhilstnaturalresourceshaveapositiveimpactongrowth,andcanmakeanegativeimpactongrowththroughthetransmissionchannels,suchasinvestment,manufacture,humancapital,andscientificandtechnologicinnovation.Moreover,itstudiesthetransmissionchannels,thatis,theeffectofnaturalresourcesontheotherexplanatoryvariables,andcalculatestheindirecteffectofnaturalresourcesongrowthforeachtransmissionchannel,andcomprehensiveeffectsofnaturalresourcesongrowth.ThecalculatedresultofcomprehensiveeffectsindicatesthatthepositivedirecteffectsofnaturalresourcesongrowthareshowntooutweighthenegativeindirecteffectofXinjiangautonomousregion.