简介：AbstractBackground:Hypertension is considered an important risk factor for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The commonly anti-hypertensive drugs are the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and beta-blockers. The association between commonly used anti-hypertensive medications and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients with hypertension has not been well studied.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital and Guanggu District of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records. Hypertension and anti-hypertensive treatment were confirmed by medical history and clinical records. The primary clinical endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included the rates of patients in common wards transferred to the intensive care unit and hospital stay duration. Logistic regression was used to explore the risk factors associated with mortality and prognosis. Propensity score matching was used to balance the confounders between different anti-hypertensive treatments. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the cumulative recovery rate. Log-rank tests were performed to test for differences in Kaplan-Meier curves between different groups.Results:Among 4569 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 31.7% (1449/4569) had a history of hypertension. There were significant differences in mortality rates between hypertensive patients with CCBs (7/359) and those without (21/359) (1.95% vs. 5.85%, risk ratio [RR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.76, χ2 = 7.61, P = 0.0058). After matching for confounders, the mortality rates were similar between the RAAS inhibitor (4/236) and non-RAAS inhibitor (9/236) cohorts (1.69% vs. 3.81%, RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.13-1.43, χ2 = 1.98, P = 0.1596). Hypertensive patients with beta-blockers (13/340) showed no statistical difference in mortality compared with those without (11/340) (3.82% vs. 3.24%, RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.53-2.69, χ2= 0.17, P= 0.6777).Conclusions:In our study, we did not find any positive or negative effects of RAAS inhibitors or beta-blockers in COVID-19 patients with hypertension, while CCBs could improve prognosis.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofelectroacupuncture(EA)andVerapamilandNifedipine(calciumchannelinhibitors)onfreecalciumconcentrationsofcellsandintrasynaptosomesinhypothalamus(HT),periaqueductualgreymatter(PAG)andhippocampus(HIP)ofmice.Methods:ThefemaleICRmicewererandomlydividedintocontrol,EA,CaCl2andCaCl2+EAgroups(n=8ineachgroup).Painthresholdwasdetectedbyusingradiation-heatirradiation-inducedtailflickmethod.EA(8Hz,asuitablestimulatingstrength,dense-sparsewavesanddurationof30min)wasappliedto'Shuigou'(水沟GV26)and'Chengjiang'(承浆CV24).CaCl2(10μL,0.2μmol/L)wasinjectedintothelateralcerebralventricleofmiceafterEA.Theconcentrationsofcytosolicfreecalcium([Ca2+]i)inHIP,PAG,HTcellsuspensionspecimenandhippocampalintrasynaptosomesuspensionofmiceweredeterminedbythefluorescentcalciumindicatorFura-2-AMandaspectrofluorometer.Results:DuringEAanalgesia,theintracellularfree[Ca2+]iinHTandPAGspecimensandintrsynaptosomal[Ca2+]iofthe3cerebralregionsdecreasedconsiderably(P<0.05～0.01),butthatinhippocampalcellsuspensionincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01)incomparisonwithcontrolgroup.Theconcentrationsofhippocampalintrasynaptosomalfree[Ca2+]idecreasedsignificantlyafteraddingVerapamilandNifedipinetotheextractedhippocampalintrasynaptosomalspecimen.MicroinjectionofCaCl2intolateralventriclehadnoapparentinfluenceondegreeofanalgesia(DA)%andintracellularandintrasynapsotomal[Ca2+]i,butsignificantlylowerDA%andreducechangesofcytosolicandintrasynaptosomal[Ca2+]iinducedbyEAstimulation.Conclusion:CalciumionintheneuronsandintrasynaptosomeofHT,PAGandHIPisinvolvedinelectroacupunctureanalgesia.

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简介：BackgroundAtrialfibrillation(AF)isthemostcommonsustainedcardiacarrhythmiawithouteffectivetreatment.AFisassociatedwithatrialconductiondisturbancescausedbyelectricaland/orstructuralremodel-ing.Buttheroleofconnexin(Cx)43intheregulationofLtypecalciumchannel(LCC)remainsunclear.WehypothesizedthatCx43mightco-localizeandregulatetheLtypecalciumchannelcurrent(ICa,L).MethodsReal-timePCRandwhole-cellpatchclampwereusedtodetecttheexpressionofLCC1csubunitandthecurrentdensityofICa,L,beforeandafterCx43knockingdownrespectively.Theco-localizationofCx43withLCCwasinvestigatedbyco-immunoprecipitationandconfocalmicroscopy.ResultsKnockingdownofCx43significantlyinhibitedthecurrentdensityofICa,LthroughdecreasingthegeneexpressionofLCCα1cinculturedatrium-derivedmyocytes(HL-1cells).Cx43co-localizedwithLCCα1csubunitinatrialmyocytes.ConclusionsCx43regulatestheICa,LinatrialmyoctyesthroughLCC,representingapotentialpathogenicmechanisminatrialarrhythmias.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofnitricoxide-inducedtyrosinephosphorylationoflarge-conductancecalcium-activatedpotassium(BKCa)channelαsubunitonvascularhyporesponsivenessinrats.Methods:Atotalof46Wistarratsofeithersex,weighing250g±20g,wereusedinthisstudy.Modelsofvascularhyporesponsivenessinducedbyhemorrhagicshock(30mmHgfor2hours)invivoandbyL-arginineinvitrowereestablishedrespectively.Thevascularresponsivenessofisolatedsuperiormesentericarteriestonorepinephrinewasobserved.TyrosinephosphorylationofBKCaαsubunitwasevaluatedwithmethodsofimmunoprecipitationandWesternblotting.Results:Inthesmoothmusclecellsofthesuperiormesentericarteries,theexpressionofBKCaαsubunittyrosinephosphorylationincreasedfollowinghemorrhagicshock,andL-argininecouldinduceBKCachannelαsubunittyrosinephosphorylationinatime-anddose-dependentmanner.L-NAME(Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester),anitricoxidesynthetaseinhibitor,couldpartlyrestorethedecreasedvasoresponsivenessofthesuperiormesentericarteriesafterhemorrhagicshockinrats.Down-regulatingtheproteintyrosinephosphorylationwithgenistein,awidely-usedspecialproteintyrosinekinaseinhibitor,couldpartlyimprovethedecreasedvasoresponsivenessofthesuperiormesentericarteriesinducedbyL-arginineinvitro,whileup-regulatingtheproteintyrosinephosphorylationwithNa3VO4,aproteintyrosinephosphataseinhibitor,couldfurtherdecreasethenitricoxide-inducedvascularhyporesponsiveness,whichcouldbepartlyamelioratedby0.1mmol/Ltetrabutylammoniumchloride(TEA),aselectiveBKCainhibitoratthisconcentration.Conclusions:NitricoxidecaninducethetyrosinephosphorylationofBKCaαsubunit,whichinfluencesthevascularhyporesponsivenessinhemorrhagicshockratsorinducedbyL-arginineinvitro.

简介：Coronaryarterycalcification(CAC)isasanindependentriskpredictorofcardiovasculardiseaseandcanclassifyanindividual’sriskofatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease,particularlyinintermediate-riskindividuals.Also,CACprogressionisassociatedwithgreaterratesofcardiovascularevents.ThisarticleprovidesavailabledataandexpertrecommendationsforCACbasedoncurrentpublications.WefocusontheutilityofCACforstratificationofindividualsanddescribeitsdiagnosticvalueinidentifyingpatientsatrisk.WealsodescribetheimportantabilityofCACtoderiskapatientwithascoreofzero.

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简介：ObjectivesToinvestigatethechangesofβ3-adrenoceptor(β3-AR)mRNAexpressionintheratswithchronicheartfailure(CHF),andtoexploretheeffectofβblockers(βBs)onβ3mRNAexpression.MethodsThirty-fourratswererandomlydividedintoShamgroup(n=10)andheartfailuregroup(n=24).Ratmodelwasestablishedbyaorticconstriction.Thesurvivalratsinheartfailuregroupweredividedintoheartfailurecontrolgroup(HFgroup,n=6),metoprololgroup(METgroup,n=8)andcarvedilolgroup(CARgroup,n=8)threemonthsafteroperation.Metoprololtartartewasstartedorallywith12mg·kg-1·d-1,carvedilolwith6mg·kg-1·d-1,isometricsalinewasstartedinHFgroup.Afterthreemonthsofdrugtherapy,measurementofhemodynamics,indexofventricularmass,thelevelofβ3-ARmRNAexpressionwereperformed.ResultsComparedwithShamgroup,leftventricularendsystolicpressure(LVESP),andtheabsolutevaluesofmaximalrateofriseandfall(±dp/dtmax)ofleftventricularpressurewereallsignificantlydecreased(P<0.01),leftventricularenddiastolicpressure(LVEDP)wassignificantlyincreasedinHFgroup(P<0.01).ThehemodynamicparameterswereimprovedbyβBs,andcarvedilolwasmoreeffectivethanmetoprolol(P<0.01).TheindexofventricularmasswashigherinHFgroupthanMETgroup,CARgroupandShamgroup(P<0.01).βBssignificantlydecreasedtheindexofleftventricularmass(LVMI),andCarvedilolwasmoreeffectivethanmetoprolol(P<0.01).Theindexofrightventricularmass(RVMI)didnotchangeinMETgroup(P>0.05),butsignificantdecreasecouldbeseeninCARgroup(P<0.01).Thelevelofβ3-ARexpressioninleftventriclewasgreaterthanthatinrightventriclewhetherinthefailingheartorinthenon-failingheart.ComparedwithShamgroup,thelevelofβ3-ARmRNAexpressionwassignificantlyincreasedinHFgroup(P<0.01).Thelevelsofβ3-ARmRNAexpressionshowedaremarkabledecreaseinCARgroup(P<

简介：AbstractBoth fatty acids (FAs) and calcium ions play important roles in contraceptive cycles via several systems. Polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) act as precursors for prostaglandin production and can alter the expression of numerous crucial catalysts that are involved in prostaglandin and steroid digestion. Lipids are essential components of cell membranes. A diet rich in PUFAs enhances sperm motility and viability. It also improves testis development and spermatogenesis in several domesticated animal species. Increased PUFA content in spermatozoa increases plasma membrane fluidity, which is important for fertilization. However, the major drawback of high dietary PUFA intake is that it increases the levels of reactive oxygen species in the body. An increase in reactive oxygen species levels markedly affects fertility. Calcium is an important component that acts as an intra-cellular secondary messenger and plays an important role in some of the physiological processes that occur in male gametes. Some of these processes include spermatogenesis, sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome response, and fusion of gametes. These processes are associated with calcium influx through ion protein channels. Dietary fat intake is associated with increased intestinal calcium absorption. In this review, we discuss the impact of lipids, particularly PUFAs and monounsaturated FAs, and calcium ions on male reproduction, along with their effects on each other.

简介：INTRODUCTIONCalciumphosphatecements(CPC)overcomethepracticaldisadvantagesofblocksorgranuleslcanbehandledasapasteandsitinsitu.TheirstructureandcompositionclosetothatofHAPmakethembiocompatiblematerials.2Theconventionalcalciumphosphatecementhadsomeproblemssuchaslongsettingtime(30～60min)andlowcompressivestrength,etc.Inoursystem,anα-TCP/TTCPpowdermixturewasmixedwithwatercontainingcitricacidtocontrolthesettingtimeandcompressivestrength.Inthispaper,theeffectsofvariousconcentrationcitricacidsolutionsonthepropertiesofthecementarereported.

简介：Objective:Toexplorechemicalcomponentchangesofdogboneatdifferentlengtheningtimeandindifferentboneregionsofinterest,andtoevaluatethemineralizationduringIiizarovlengtheningprocess.Methods:Theashweight,theconcentrationsofcalcium,phosphorusandthecalcium/phosphorusratioweremeasuredatdifferentintervals(2,4,6,8,12weeks)sincelengtheningandthelengthenedpartwascomparedwithacontrolareaateachinterval.Results:Theashweight,theconcentrationsofcalciumandphosphorusinthelengthenedareadifferedatalldevelopmenttime.Thecalcium/phosphorus(Ca/P)ratiointhelengthenedregionremainedsignificantlylowerthanthatinthecontrolregionupto12weeksafterthelengthening.Conclusions:Theseresultssuggestthatalsootherinorganicionsplayanimportantroleinthemineralizationprocessandthattheybecomerelativelymoreimportantsince8weeksafterthelengthening.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatethealterationsofL-typecalciumcurrent(IcaL)inabdominalaorticligation-inducedhypertrophiedratheartsandtheeffectoflosartanonthesealterations.METHODSCardiachypertrophywasinducedbyabdominalaorticligationinrats.TorecordIcaL,whole-cellpatch-clamptechniquewasused.RESULTSMembranecapacitancewaslargerinhypertrophiedcells(148±29pF)thaninsham-operatedcells(102±14pF,P<0.01)andlosartan-treatedcells(118±27,P<0.01).ThemaximalpeakIcaLWasincreasedfrom-835±124pAinsham-operatedcellsto-1404+_417pAinhypertrophiedcells(P<0.01),thecorrespondingIcaLdensitywasincreasedfrom-7.5±1.8pA.pF^1to-10.5±2.2pA.pF^1(P<0.01),whiletheywerereducedto-956-2:170pF(P<0.01)and-8.2±1.6pA.pF^1(P<0.05)respectivelyinlosartan-treatedcells.Themembranepotentialofhalfmaximalactivationofthehypertrophiedcells(-20.6±1.0mV)shiftedtomorenegativepotentialsthansham-operatedcells(-15.6±1.6mV,P<0.01)andlorsartan-treatedcells(-17.4±1.0mV,P<0.01).Theslopeoftheactivationcurveofhypertrophiedcells(5.7±0.4)wasdecreasedslightlythansham-operatedcells(6.4±0.5,P<0.05).Themembranepotentialofhalfmaximalinactivationofhypertrophiedcells(-27.6±1.9mV)shiftedtomorepositivepotentialsthansham-operatedcells(-31.4±2.2mV,P<0.05).Theslopeofinactivationcurveswerenotdifferentinthethreegroups.

简介：AbstractIntroduction:Tripterygium glycosides (TGs) have been widely used in China to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, proof of their use is scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adding TGs to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).Methods:By searching Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SINOMED, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Information/Chinese Scientific Journals, and WANFANG databases, we identified previous studies that met the specific selection criteria and included them in the meta-analysis. Analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.3).Results:Nine randomized controlled trials were included in the final meta-analysis. Patients were compared before and after treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs plus TGs, or ACE inhibitors or ARBs alone. The results revealed that treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs plus TGs resulted in significantly greater reductions in 24-h urinary total protein (UTP) levels (trial duration <2 months, mean difference [MD]: -0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.32, -0.18; trial duration between 2 and 6 months, MD: -0.39; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.33; trial duration >6 months, MD: -2.09; 95% CI: -2.89, -1.29) compared with treatment using ACE inhibitors or ARBs alone. Additionally, ACE inhibitors or ARBs plus TGs showed better results after longterm administration. Treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs plus TGs resulted in significantly greater reductions in serum creatinine (SCr) compared with ACE inhibitors or ARBs alone (MD: -9.87; 95% CI: -13.76, -5.97).Conclusion:In patients with DN, adding TGs to ACE inhibitors or ARBs significantly lowered both the 24-h UTP and SCr levels. Therefore, ACE inhibitors or ARBs plus TGs might improve the treatment of DN in patients.

简介：Objective:AnovelPVA-CaAlgcompositematerialbypolyvinylalcohol(PVA)andsodiumalginate(SA)wasfabricatedtoinvestigatethefeasibilityservingasascaffoldfortissueengineeringandtofindoutthemostidealproportionaccordingtotheirproperties.Methods:Film,graininessandspongescaffoldsofPVA-CaAlgwerefabricatedbythreedifferentmethods.Watercontentandswellingratioweretested.SEMwasusedtoobservetheconfigurationofthecrosssection.Results:DifferentproportionalscaffoldscouldbeobtainedwithdifferentPVAmolecularweight,alcoholysisdegreeanddifferentSAdosages.Thewatercontentofdifferentscaffoldsrangedfrom48%to93%andshoweddifferentinnerconfigurationwithswellingratiobetween120%and470%.SEMprovedthatdifferentcompositematerialshaddifferentporousstructures.Conclusion:AscaffoldfortissueengineeringwithhighwatercontentandproperswellingratiocanbefabricatedusingPVAandSA.Theporousstructureshowspotentialintissueengineeringandcellculture.

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简介：ObjectiveThisstudyistoexploretherelationshipbetweenacetylcholine(ACh)-inducedcalciumreleasefromintracellularCa2+storesandfunctionofouterhaircell(OHC)motors,inanattempttoelucidatethemechanismofOHCelectromotilityatrestingstate.MethodsOHCswereisolatedfromadultguineapig(200-300g)cochleaandloadedwithFluo-3/AM.ThecellsweretreatedwithACh/dHBSS,ACh/HBSS,dHBSSonlyorHBSSonly.Intracellular[Ca2+]ivariationsincellsunderthefourtreatmentswereobservedusinganAr-Krlaserscanconfocalmicroscope.Results[Ca2+]ioscillationswererecordedinfiveOHCstreatedwithACh/dHBSSbutnotinothercells.ThisisthefirsttimethatAch-excited[Ca2+]ioscillationsarereportedinguineapigOHCsindependentofextracellularcalcium.ConclusionsACh-excited[Ca2+]ioscillationsinOHCsoriginatesfromintracellularcalciumreleaseandmayplayacrucialroleinmaintainingactivemechanicalmotilityoftheOHCatrestingandmodulatingOHCelectromotility.

简介：ＴＢｕｒｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ，ＴｈｉｒｄＭｉｌｉｔａｒｙＭｅｄｉｃａｌＣｏｌｅｇｅ，Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ４０００３８，Ｃｈｉｎａ（ＣｈｉＬＸ，ＹａｎｇＺＣ，ＷａｎｇＸａｎｄＬｉＡ）Ｔｈｉｓｓｔ...