简介：AbstractBackground:Hypertension is considered an important risk factor for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The commonly anti-hypertensive drugs are the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and beta-blockers. The association between commonly used anti-hypertensive medications and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients with hypertension has not been well studied.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital and Guanggu District of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records. Hypertension and anti-hypertensive treatment were confirmed by medical history and clinical records. The primary clinical endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included the rates of patients in common wards transferred to the intensive care unit and hospital stay duration. Logistic regression was used to explore the risk factors associated with mortality and prognosis. Propensity score matching was used to balance the confounders between different anti-hypertensive treatments. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the cumulative recovery rate. Log-rank tests were performed to test for differences in Kaplan-Meier curves between different groups.Results:Among 4569 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 31.7% (1449/4569) had a history of hypertension. There were significant differences in mortality rates between hypertensive patients with CCBs (7/359) and those without (21/359) (1.95% vs. 5.85%, risk ratio [RR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.76, χ2 = 7.61, P = 0.0058). After matching for confounders, the mortality rates were similar between the RAAS inhibitor (4/236) and non-RAAS inhibitor (9/236) cohorts (1.69% vs. 3.81%, RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.13-1.43, χ2 = 1.98, P = 0.1596). Hypertensive patients with beta-blockers (13/340) showed no statistical difference in mortality compared with those without (11/340) (3.82% vs. 3.24%, RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.53-2.69, χ2= 0.17, P= 0.6777).Conclusions:In our study, we did not find any positive or negative effects of RAAS inhibitors or beta-blockers in COVID-19 patients with hypertension, while CCBs could improve prognosis.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofelectroacupuncture(EA)andVerapamilandNifedipine(calciumchannelinhibitors)onfreecalciumconcentrationsofcellsandintrasynaptosomesinhypothalamus(HT),periaqueductualgreymatter(PAG)andhippocampus(HIP)ofmice.Methods:ThefemaleICRmicewererandomlydividedintocontrol,EA,CaCl2andCaCl2+EAgroups(n=8ineachgroup).Painthresholdwasdetectedbyusingradiation-heatirradiation-inducedtailflickmethod.EA(8Hz,asuitablestimulatingstrength,dense-sparsewavesanddurationof30min)wasappliedto'Shuigou'(水沟GV26)and'Chengjiang'(承浆CV24).CaCl2(10μL,0.2μmol/L)wasinjectedintothelateralcerebralventricleofmiceafterEA.Theconcentrationsofcytosolicfreecalcium([Ca2+]i)inHIP,PAG,HTcellsuspensionspecimenandhippocampalintrasynaptosomesuspensionofmiceweredeterminedbythefluorescentcalciumindicatorFura-2-AMandaspectrofluorometer.Results:DuringEAanalgesia,theintracellularfree[Ca2+]iinHTandPAGspecimensandintrsynaptosomal[Ca2+]iofthe3cerebralregionsdecreasedconsiderably(P<0.05～0.01),butthatinhippocampalcellsuspensionincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01)incomparisonwithcontrolgroup.Theconcentrationsofhippocampalintrasynaptosomalfree[Ca2+]idecreasedsignificantlyafteraddingVerapamilandNifedipinetotheextractedhippocampalintrasynaptosomalspecimen.MicroinjectionofCaCl2intolateralventriclehadnoapparentinfluenceondegreeofanalgesia(DA)%andintracellularandintrasynapsotomal[Ca2+]i,butsignificantlylowerDA%andreducechangesofcytosolicandintrasynaptosomal[Ca2+]iinducedbyEAstimulation.Conclusion:CalciumionintheneuronsandintrasynaptosomeofHT,PAGandHIPisinvolvedinelectroacupunctureanalgesia.

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简介：BackgroundAtrialfibrillation(AF)isthemostcommonsustainedcardiacarrhythmiawithouteffectivetreatment.AFisassociatedwithatrialconductiondisturbancescausedbyelectricaland/orstructuralremodel-ing.Buttheroleofconnexin(Cx)43intheregulationofLtypecalciumchannel(LCC)remainsunclear.WehypothesizedthatCx43mightco-localizeandregulatetheLtypecalciumchannelcurrent(ICa,L).MethodsReal-timePCRandwhole-cellpatchclampwereusedtodetecttheexpressionofLCC1csubunitandthecurrentdensityofICa,L,beforeandafterCx43knockingdownrespectively.Theco-localizationofCx43withLCCwasinvestigatedbyco-immunoprecipitationandconfocalmicroscopy.ResultsKnockingdownofCx43significantlyinhibitedthecurrentdensityofICa,LthroughdecreasingthegeneexpressionofLCCα1cinculturedatrium-derivedmyocytes(HL-1cells).Cx43co-localizedwithLCCα1csubunitinatrialmyocytes.ConclusionsCx43regulatestheICa,LinatrialmyoctyesthroughLCC,representingapotentialpathogenicmechanisminatrialarrhythmias.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofnitricoxide-inducedtyrosinephosphorylationoflarge-conductancecalcium-activatedpotassium(BKCa)channelαsubunitonvascularhyporesponsivenessinrats.Methods:Atotalof46Wistarratsofeithersex,weighing250g±20g,wereusedinthisstudy.Modelsofvascularhyporesponsivenessinducedbyhemorrhagicshock(30mmHgfor2hours)invivoandbyL-arginineinvitrowereestablishedrespectively.Thevascularresponsivenessofisolatedsuperiormesentericarteriestonorepinephrinewasobserved.TyrosinephosphorylationofBKCaαsubunitwasevaluatedwithmethodsofimmunoprecipitationandWesternblotting.Results:Inthesmoothmusclecellsofthesuperiormesentericarteries,theexpressionofBKCaαsubunittyrosinephosphorylationincreasedfollowinghemorrhagicshock,andL-argininecouldinduceBKCachannelαsubunittyrosinephosphorylationinatime-anddose-dependentmanner.L-NAME(Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester),anitricoxidesynthetaseinhibitor,couldpartlyrestorethedecreasedvasoresponsivenessofthesuperiormesentericarteriesafterhemorrhagicshockinrats.Down-regulatingtheproteintyrosinephosphorylationwithgenistein,awidely-usedspecialproteintyrosinekinaseinhibitor,couldpartlyimprovethedecreasedvasoresponsivenessofthesuperiormesentericarteriesinducedbyL-arginineinvitro,whileup-regulatingtheproteintyrosinephosphorylationwithNa3VO4,aproteintyrosinephosphataseinhibitor,couldfurtherdecreasethenitricoxide-inducedvascularhyporesponsiveness,whichcouldbepartlyamelioratedby0.1mmol/Ltetrabutylammoniumchloride(TEA),aselectiveBKCainhibitoratthisconcentration.Conclusions:NitricoxidecaninducethetyrosinephosphorylationofBKCaαsubunit,whichinfluencesthevascularhyporesponsivenessinhemorrhagicshockratsorinducedbyL-arginineinvitro.

简介：ThesynthesisofcalciumformatebyCa(OH)2carbonylationwasstudiedinasemi-batchstirredtank.Thereactionmechanismwasanalyzedtheoreticallyandtherateofeachstepwascompared.Theinfluenceofreactionconditionsontheformationofcalciumformatewasinvestigated.Theresultsindicatethattherate-controllingstepisthereactionbetweendissolvedCOanddissolvedCa(OH)2,andthegaseousdiffusionresistancecanbeeliminatedwhenthestirringspeedreached1000r/min.Furthermore,thereactionkineticswasstudiedatastirringspeedof1000r/min,temperatureof423–453K,pressureof2.0–3.5MPaanddifferentinitialconcentrationsofCa(OH)2.AneffectivemethodwasproposedtomeasurethereactionrateofCO.Amathematicalmodelwasdevelopedusingthedual-filmtheory,andtheparameterswereobtainedusingregressionofexperimentaldata.Thereactionratescalculatedusingthekineticsmodelwerecomparedwithexperimentaldata.Theresultsshowthatthedeviationsarewithin±10%,provingthattheestablishedmodelisvalidandcanprovideabasisforindustrialamplification.

简介：Coronaryarterycalcification(CAC)isasanindependentriskpredictorofcardiovasculardiseaseandcanclassifyanindividual’sriskofatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease,particularlyinintermediate-riskindividuals.Also,CACprogressionisassociatedwithgreaterratesofcardiovascularevents.ThisarticleprovidesavailabledataandexpertrecommendationsforCACbasedoncurrentpublications.WefocusontheutilityofCACforstratificationofindividualsanddescribeitsdiagnosticvalueinidentifyingpatientsatrisk.WealsodescribetheimportantabilityofCACtoderiskapatientwithascoreofzero.

简介：Calciumisimportantforourhealth.Wemusthaveitinourdiettostaywell.Agoodplacetogetitisfromdairyproductslikemilk,cheeseandicecream.Onepoundofcheesehasfiftytimesthecalciumweshouldhaveeveryday.Otherfoodshaveless.Forexample,apoundofbeansalsohascalcium.Butithasonlythreetimestheamountweoughttohavedaily.

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简介：ThelocalCa^2+releasefromtheheterogeneouslydistributedendoplasmicreticulum(ER)calciumstorehasacriticalroleincalciumhomeostasisandcellularfunction.However;singlefluorescentproteinbasedERcalciumprobesexperiencechallengesinquantifyingtheERcalciumstoreindifferinglivecells,andintensity-basedmeasurementsmakeitdifficulttodetectlocalcalciummicrodomainsintheER.Here,wedevelopedageneticallyencodedratiometricERcalciumindicator[GCEPIA1-SNAPer]thatcandetectthereal-timeERcalciumstoreandlocalcalciummicrodomainsinlivecells.GCEPIA1-SNAPerwaslocatedinthelumenoftheERandshowedalinear;reversibleandrapidresponsetochangesintheERcalciumstore.TheGCEPIA1-SNAPerprobeeffectivelymonitoredthedepletionoftheERcalciumstorebyTGorstarvationtreatment,andthrough让suseweidentifiedheterogeneouslydistributedcalciummicrodomainsintheERwhichwerecorrelatedw让hthedistributionofSTIM1clustersuponERcalciumstoredepletion.Lastly,GCEPIA1-SNAPercanbeusedtodetecttheERcalciumstorebyhigh-throughputflowcytometryandconferstheabilitytostudythefunctionofcalciummicrodomainsoftheER.

简介：CalciumhydroxytitanateformedinBayerdigestionprocessofchinesediasporicbauxitewasstudied.InterplanarspacingsofcalciumhydroxytitanatecrystalweredeterminedbyXRDanalysis.Onlyoneendothermicpeakoccursat550～560℃ontheDTAcurveofthiscompound.IRspectrometrystudyhasrevealedthathydroxyldoesexistincalciumhydroxytitanateinsteadofcrystalwater.ObservationunderSEMhasindicatedthatitscrystalgrainsareintheshapeofregularhexagonalplateswith2～8μminedgelengthandlessthan1μminthickness.TheinfluencesofvariousdigestionconditionsontheformationandtransformationofcalciumhydroxytitanateandotherCa-Ti-containingcompounds,suchaslimeaddition;contentanddistributionstateofTiO2inbauxite;digestiontemperatureandretentiontime,werefurtherstudied.

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简介：这份报纸在一条概念的冲积山谷为各种各样的情形论述模仿的隧道模式由一改善二维(2-D)数学模型在同伴纸描述了。从一样的起始的隧道开始，不同隧道模式为改变的边界和起始的条件在250天的一个实时时期上被模仿了包括入口水分泌物和沉积负担，河岸的起始的山谷斜坡，和erodibility。这些控制因素的影响被讨论，以在概念的河山谷的模仿的河的隧道，隧道十字节的几何学，和水表面侧面的纵的底部侧面。因为二部分的沉积运输条件极大地不同，结果建议一样的隧道的上面、更低的部分可以有不同平面形状。在控制变量和隧道模式之间的模仿的原因的关系与已知的隧道模式理论同意品质上。

简介：ObjectivesToinvestigatethechangesofβ3-adrenoceptor(β3-AR)mRNAexpressionintheratswithchronicheartfailure(CHF),andtoexploretheeffectofβblockers(βBs)onβ3mRNAexpression.MethodsThirty-fourratswererandomlydividedintoShamgroup(n=10)andheartfailuregroup(n=24).Ratmodelwasestablishedbyaorticconstriction.Thesurvivalratsinheartfailuregroupweredividedintoheartfailurecontrolgroup(HFgroup,n=6),metoprololgroup(METgroup,n=8)andcarvedilolgroup(CARgroup,n=8)threemonthsafteroperation.Metoprololtartartewasstartedorallywith12mg·kg-1·d-1,carvedilolwith6mg·kg-1·d-1,isometricsalinewasstartedinHFgroup.Afterthreemonthsofdrugtherapy,measurementofhemodynamics,indexofventricularmass,thelevelofβ3-ARmRNAexpressionwereperformed.ResultsComparedwithShamgroup,leftventricularendsystolicpressure(LVESP),andtheabsolutevaluesofmaximalrateofriseandfall(±dp/dtmax)ofleftventricularpressurewereallsignificantlydecreased(P<0.01),leftventricularenddiastolicpressure(LVEDP)wassignificantlyincreasedinHFgroup(P<0.01).ThehemodynamicparameterswereimprovedbyβBs,andcarvedilolwasmoreeffectivethanmetoprolol(P<0.01).TheindexofventricularmasswashigherinHFgroupthanMETgroup,CARgroupandShamgroup(P<0.01).βBssignificantlydecreasedtheindexofleftventricularmass(LVMI),andCarvedilolwasmoreeffectivethanmetoprolol(P<0.01).Theindexofrightventricularmass(RVMI)didnotchangeinMETgroup(P>0.05),butsignificantdecreasecouldbeseeninCARgroup(P<0.01).Thelevelofβ3-ARexpressioninleftventriclewasgreaterthanthatinrightventriclewhetherinthefailingheartorinthenon-failingheart.ComparedwithShamgroup,thelevelofβ3-ARmRNAexpressionwassignificantlyincreasedinHFgroup(P<0.01).Thelevelsofβ3-ARmRNAexpressionshowedaremarkabledecreaseinCARgroup(P<

简介：Theviscouspump,whichhasarotorwithahelicalsquarechannel,isstudiedexperimentally.Thenon-dimen-sionalchannelcurvatureistakentobeabout0.1.Threetypesoftorsionofthechannelaremadetoinvestigatethetorsioneffectontheflowcharacteristics.Wemeasurethefluxthroughthechannelataconstantrotorspeedbychangingthepressuresattheentranceandexitofthepump.Wealsoobservethesecondaryflowatacross-sectionofthechannel.Someoftheresultsobtainedareshownasfollows:Thefrictionfactoralongthechanneltogetthesamefluxislargeforlargechanneltorsionataconstantrotation,andbecomessmallwhenthefavorablerotationoftherotortotheflowisapplied.Asforthesecondaryflowinacross-section,thereappearseveraltypesofvortex.Whenthereisnorotation,thesecondaryflowisalmostasymmetrictwo-vortextypeforsmallfluxasistheordinaryDeanvortex,butitchangestoafour-vortextypewhenthefluxislarge.Thesecondaryflowbecomesasymmetricastherotationisapplied.Wehaveunsteadyflowpatternsatlargefluxandrotation.

简介：AbstractBoth fatty acids (FAs) and calcium ions play important roles in contraceptive cycles via several systems. Polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) act as precursors for prostaglandin production and can alter the expression of numerous crucial catalysts that are involved in prostaglandin and steroid digestion. Lipids are essential components of cell membranes. A diet rich in PUFAs enhances sperm motility and viability. It also improves testis development and spermatogenesis in several domesticated animal species. Increased PUFA content in spermatozoa increases plasma membrane fluidity, which is important for fertilization. However, the major drawback of high dietary PUFA intake is that it increases the levels of reactive oxygen species in the body. An increase in reactive oxygen species levels markedly affects fertility. Calcium is an important component that acts as an intra-cellular secondary messenger and plays an important role in some of the physiological processes that occur in male gametes. Some of these processes include spermatogenesis, sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome response, and fusion of gametes. These processes are associated with calcium influx through ion protein channels. Dietary fat intake is associated with increased intestinal calcium absorption. In this review, we discuss the impact of lipids, particularly PUFAs and monounsaturated FAs, and calcium ions on male reproduction, along with their effects on each other.

简介：环境友好thermosettingcomposites被作为矩阵混合小麦面筋(WG)准备，钙碳酸盐(CaCO3)由在120掳C塑造混合到交叉连接的压缩作为可塑剂作为filler和甘油列在后面WG矩阵。形态学观察证明CaCO3粒子细微地在矩阵被驱散。直到进composites的10wt%的CaCO3的加入引起了幼仔的模量和张力的力量显著地增加。在另一方面，在裂缝的潮湿吸收和延伸稍微减少了。

简介：Calciumhexaluminate(CA6)wassynthesizedbymixinglight-weightcalciumcarbonateandAl2O3micropowder(calcinedα-Al2O3,activatedα-Al2O3orρ-Al2O3)accordingtothestoichimetricratioofCA6,andreactionsinteringat1200,1300,1400and1500℃for3h,respectively.Effectsofthethreealuminamicropowdersonthephasecomposition,microstructureandpropertiesofCA6wereinvestigated.Theresultsshowthat:(1)forthethreeAl2O3micropowders,thereactiontogenerateCA6inspecimensbasicallycompletesatabout1500℃;CA6generatedinallspecimensisplanar,butthearraymodesareslightlydifferent;(2)thespecimenspreparedfromcalcinedα-Al2O3orρ-Al2O3shrinkalmost,whilethespecimenspreparedfromactivatedα-Al2O3expand;(3)thecoldcrushingstrengthofthespecimenpreparedfromactivatedα-Al2O3isthehighest,reaching42.5MPawhenonlyCA6exists(afterfiringat1500℃);(4)thespecimenpreparedfromρ-Al2O3hasthelowestgenerationtemperatureofCA6andthehighestapparentporosity,reaching70.1%whenonlyCA6exists(afterfiringat1500℃);(5)thespecimenpreparedfromcalcinedα-Al2O3hasthebiggestbulkdensity.

简介：Thetime-domainequalizerofADSLChannelplaysanimportantroleinwholereceivingprocesstohighspeedbitstreams.Inthispaper,anovelADSLchannelequalizationmethodbasedonevolutionaryalgorithmisproposed,inwhichweestablishtheequalizerthroughthemethodofchannelidentification.Theproposedmethodiscapableofsimultaneouslyevolvingbothcoefficientsandtheranksoftheequalizerandthereforeitcanbeappliedtodifferentcharacteristicsofloops.Experimentalresultsshowourmethodhasbetterperformance(shortsearchtimeandhighmodelingprecision).