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简介：Brassinosteroids(BR)是植物激素的一个主要的组调整植物生长和开发。BRI1，对质膜局部性的蛋白质，当BR受体和它被建议了，工作它的kinase活动在调整BR的植物生长和开发有一个必要角色。这里，我们报导隔离和bri1的新等位基因的分子的描述，bri1-301，哪个表演中等词法显型和减少的回答到在正常生长条件下面的BR。顺序分析从GG识别了二底的改变到，导致到在BRI1kinase领域的989I的989G的变换在。kinase活动的试管内试金证明bri1-301不向BRI1底层TTL和BAK1举办可检测的autophosphorylation活动或磷酸化活动。而且，我们的结果建议甚至与极其损害的kinase活动，bri1-301仍然在调整植物生长和开发保留部分功能，它提出BRI1kinase活动是否在高等植物为调停BR的生长和开发是必要的问题。

简介：Humanpolymorphonuclearleukocytes(PMN)havebeenreportedtocompletelylackofDNA-dependentproteinkinase(DNA-PK)whichiscomposedofKuproteinandthecatalyticsubunitDNA-PKcs,neededfornonhomologousend-joining(NHEJ)ofDNAdouble-strandbreaks.PromyelocyticHL-60cellsexpressavariantformofKuresultinginenhancedradiationsensitivity.ThisraisesthequestioniflowefficiencyofNHEJ,instrumentalforthecellularrepairofoxidativedamage,isanormalcharacteristicofmyeloiddifferentiation.HereweconfirmedthecompletelackofDNAPKinPMNproteinextracts,andtheexpressionofthetruncatedKu86variantforminHL-60.However,thisdegradationofDNA-PKwasshowntobeduetoaDNA-PK-degradingproteaseinPMNandHL-60.Inaddition,byusingaprotease-resistantwholecellassay,bothKu86andDNA-PKcscouldbedemonstratedinPMN,suggestingthepreviouslyreportedabsenceinPMNofDNA-PKtobeanartefact.ThelevelsofKu86andDNA-PKcsweremuchreducedinPMN,ascomparedwiththatofthelymphocytes,whereasHL-60displayedamarkedlyelevatedDNA-PKconcentration.Inconclusion,ourfindingsprovideevidenceofreduced,notdepletedexpressionofDNA-PKduringthematurestagesofmyeloiddifferentiation.

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简介：XADisanapoptosisspecificDNaseinXenopusandcancutthelinker-DNAbetweennucleosomesduringapoptosisinXenopuslaeviseggextractinducedbycytochromec.XADismostlikelytobethehomologuetoDFF40inhumans.TheactivityofDFF40canbeinhibitedbyDFF45.WereportmolecularcloningandidentificationofanXADinhibitor,IXAD(inhibitorofXAD),inXenopuseggs.WeclonedthecompletecDNAoftheDFF45homologue,IXAD.ThereisaspecificDEVDsequenceinitsN-terminal,whichserves

简介：房间有大量的控制维持他们的完整并且阻止随机切换到另外一个一个生物状态。RafKinase禁止的蛋白质(RKIP)，phosphatidylethanolamine绑定蛋白质(PEBP)的一个成员家庭，表明工作维持“yinyang”或生物系统的平衡的串联的调节的人的一个新类是代表性的。RKIP禁止地图kinase(Raf-MEK-ERK)，表明串联的G联合蛋白质的受体(GPCR)kinase和NFkappaB。因为RKIP指向依赖于它磷酸化的状态的不同家族ases，RKIP也行动集成多重环境刺激开始的串音。RKIP的损失或弄空导致正常细胞的壅滞和罐头的混乱导致象癌症那样的chromosomal畸形和疾病状态。因为RKIP和PEBP家庭以前被考察了，这分析的目标是提供更改并且加亮一些RKIP的唯一的特征在细胞的发信号的过程的规定使它成为一个批评播放器。

简介：Humanrhodopsinkinase(RK)andacarboxylterminus-truncatedmutantRKlackingthelast59aminoacids(RKC)wereexpressedinhumanembryonickidney293cellstoinvestigatetheroleofthecarboxylterminusofRKinrecognitionandphosphorylationofrhodopsin.RKC,likethewild-typeRK,wasdetectedinbothplasmamembranesandcytosolicfractions.TheCterminaltruncatedrhodopsinkinasewasunabletophosphorylatephoto-activatedrhodopsin,butpossesseskinaseactivitysimilartothewild-typeRKinphosphorylationofsmallpeptidesubstrate.ItsuggeststhatthetruncationdidnotdisturbthegrossstructuresofRKcatalyticdomain.OurresultsalsoshowthatRKCfailedtotranslocatetophoto-activatedrodoutsegments.Takentogether,ourstudydemonstratethecarboxylterminusofRKisrequiredforphosphorylationofphoto-activatedrhodopsinandstronglyindicatethatcarboxyl-terminusofRKmaybeinvolvedininteractionwithphoto-activatedrhodopsin.

简介：Thetherapeuticeffectofherpessimplexvirusthymidinekinase/ganciclovir(HSV-tk/GCV)systemonhepatocellularcarcinomawasstudiedinthisexperiment.Thetk-containingretroviralrecombinantswereusedtoinfecthepatomacells(BEL-7402)andthecellsweretreatedwithganciclovir(0-100μg/ml).TheresultsshowedthatHSV-tkgenecouldbeefficientlytransferredinvitrointohepatomacellsandstablyexpressed.Thegrowthpotentialofthetk-containingcellswassignificantlyinhibitedbyGCV(P<0.01)ascomparedtothenon-tk-containingcells.TheantitumoreffectofHSV-tk/GCVsystemwasalsoproducedexvivointk-containingtumorofnudemiceascharacterizedbyamarkeddecreaseintumorgrowthafterGCVtreatmentcontrarytoaprogressiveenlargementofnon-tk-containingtumors.Althoughthehistologicalexaminationdemonstratedthattheefficiencyofthegenetransferwaslessthan30%,thekillingeffectofHSV-tk/GCVsystemonhepatocellularcarcinomawasstillsignificantlygenerated.ThegropermechanismofHSV-tkgenetherapyonhepatictumorreferredas“bystandereffect”intherapeuticapproachhasnotbeenfoundinthisstudyandrequiredtobeexploredfurther.

简介：抽象昆虫由被不变的微生物引起的表面分子的识别激活的一个有效天生的免疫系统保护自己免于微生物引起的感染。在水果苍蝇果蝇melanogaster，细菌的存在在主人与抗菌剂肽的表示被联系免疫者能干的纸巾。主人受体检测感染并且中继信号装适当有免疫力的反应。在果蝇像血球的l(2)有Pefabloc的mbn房间感染前处理，一个通常使用的丝氨酸朊酶禁止者，导致了二主要效果：它响应现场克否定的细菌和细菌的表面分子(peptidoglycans污染的粗略的lipopolysaccharide)堵住了抗菌剂肽Diptericin的表示，它导致了词法变化。

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简介：Ionizingradiationisoneofthemosteffectivetoolsincancertherapy.Inapreviousstudy,wereportedthatproteintyrosinekinase(PTK)inhibitorsmodulatetheradiationresponsesinthehumanchronicmyelogenousleukemia(CML)celllineK562.Thereceptortyrosinekinaseinhibitor,genistein,delayedradiation-inducedcelldeath,whilenon-receptertyrosinekinaseinhibitor,herbimycinA(HMA)enhancesradiation-inducedapoptosis.Inthisstudy,wefocusedonthemodulationofradiation-inducedcelldeathbygenisteinandperformedPCR-selectsuppressionsubtractivehybridization(SSH)tounderstanditsmolecularmechanism.Weidentifiedhumanthymidinekinase1(TK1),whichiscellcycleregulatorygeneandconfirmedexpressionofTK1mRNAbyNorthernblotanalysis.ExpressionofTK1mRNAandTK1enzymaticactivitywereparallelintheirincreaseanddecrease.TK1isinvolvedinG1-Sphasetransitionofcellcycleprogression.Incellcycleanalysis,weshowedthatradiationinducedG2arrestinK562cellsbutitwasnotabletosustain.However,theadditionofgenisteintoirradiatedcellssustainedaprolongedG2arrestupto120h.Inaddition,theexpressionofcellcycle-relatedproteins,cyclinAandcyclinB1,providedtheevidencesofG1/SprogressionandG2-arrest,andtheirrelationshipwithTK1incellstreatedwithradiationandgenistein.TheseresultssuggestthattheactivationofTK1maybecriticaltomodulatetheradiation-inducedcelldeathandcellcycleprogressioninirradiatedK562cells.

简介：在生长因素刺激之上，支架蛋白质，Gab1，是酷氨酸phosphorylated并且随后适配器蛋白质，Crk，从Gab1播送信号。我们以前证明了没有细胞外的刺激，Crkoverexpression，在各种各样的人的癌症可检测，导致Gab1的酷氨酸phosphorylation。在现在的学习，内在的机制进一步被调查。CrkII的Mutational分析证明SH2领域，然而并非SH3(N)或CrkII的规章的Y221残余，为Gab1-Y307phosphorylation的正式就职是批评的。CrkII的SH2变化也减少了和Gab1的相互作用。在GST下拉试金，而Crk-SH3(N)与Gab1异种交往了，Crk-SH2跳了到野类型的Gab1，它缺乏聚类的酷氨酸区域(残余242-410)。Gab1的酷氨酸phosphorylation被表明适配器的所有Crk家庭蛋白质，然而并非另外的包含SH2导致。Src家庭kinase禁止者，PP2，废除Gab1的导致Crk的酷氨酸phosphorylations。Y307phosphorylation在缺乏Src，是，和Fyn的成纤维细胞是无法发现的，甚至在Crk的overexpression之上，而缺乏仅仅是和Fyn的房间仍然与phosphorylatedY307包含了Gab1。而且，Crk导致了Src-Y416的phosphorylation；因此，在Crk和Csk之间的相互作用被增加。Gab1-Y307F异种没能近甚至在HGF之上本地化血浆膜刺激和减少的房间移植。而且，Gab1-Y307F扰乱了Crk，FAK，和paxillin的本地化，它是焦点的粘附的典型部件。一起拿，这些结果显示Crk通过Src便于Gab1-Y307的酷氨酸phosphorylation，贡献焦点的粘附和提高的房间移植的组织，可能从而支持人的癌症开发。

简介：LKB1是直接激活精力传感器的serine/threoninekinase响应bioenergetic应力的激活安培的蛋白质kinase(AMPK)，并且主要充当控制房间极性和增长的肿瘤suppressor。尽管LKB1包括胸腺和怒气在多重纸巾被表示，它在T房间开发和功能的角色仍然保持未知。这里，我们证明LKB1的那T-cell-specific删除导致了双positive(DP)的减少的幸存thymocytes和CD4和CD8的损害产生单人赛积极的thymocytes。LKB1的混乱不仅阻止了AMPK的激活而且损害了anti-apoptotic蛋白质Bcl-XL的表示。重要地，任何一个Bcl-XL的宫外的表示或组成地活跃的AMPK异种显著地救了DPthymocytes免于LKB1导致缺乏的房间死亡。而且，组成地活跃的AMPK异种的宫外的表示被发现在LKB1缺乏的DPthymocytes恢复Bcl-XL的表示。这些调查结果通过AMPK激活和Bcl-XL表示的规定为DPthymocytes的幸存作为一个关键因素识别LKB1。

简介：hPFTAIRE1(PFTK1)，Cdc2相关的蛋白质kinase，高度在人的大脑被表示。它在Hela房间展出细胞质的分发，尽管它在它的N终点包含二个原子本地化信号(NLS)。到为它的底层和规章的部件的搜索，我们由把全身的hPFTAIRE1用作一个诱饵屏蔽了一个二混血儿的图书馆。四14-3-3isoforms(贝它，epsilon，希腊语字母的第七字，字形物)被识别与hPFTAIRE1交往。我们在hPFTAIRE1发现了一个通常认为的14-3-3绑定一致主题(RHSSPSS)，它与它的第二NLS重叠了。RHSSPSS主题的删除或有在保存有约束力的主题的翼的Ser119的替换废除了在hPFTAIRE1和14-3-3蛋白质之间的特定的相互作用。变异的S120AhPFTAIRE1也显示出一个弱相互作用到14-3-3蛋白质。结果建议Ser119为在hPFTAIRE1和14-3-3蛋白质之间的相互作用是关键的。当熔化了到绿荧光灯的蛋白质(GFP)的C终点时，所有hPFTAIRE1异种在Hela房间和人的neuroblastoma房间(SH-SY5Y)的细胞质散布了，显示有14-3-3蛋白质的那绑定不贡献潜水艇hPFTAIRE1的细胞的本地化，尽管绑定可以涉及它的发信号的规定。

简介：小道，肿瘤坏死因素相关的导致apoptosisligand，是一个新奇有势力通过房间表面死亡受体Trail-R1和Trail-R2的激活的房间死亡小径的内长的使活跃之物。它的角色象在导致激活的房间死亡(AICD)的FasL一样，在免疫系统被表明了。然而，小道的机制导致了apoptosis遗体不清楚。在这份报告，重组体小道蛋白质被表示并且净化。导致apoptosis活动和JurkatT房间上的重组体小道的规定机制是探索试管内。Trypan蓝排除试金证明重组体小道蛋白质活跃地以一种剂量依赖者方式杀死了JurkatT房间。在JurkatT房间的导致小道的apoptosis被Bcl-2显著地在Bcl-2基因transfected房间在表示上减少。有PMA(phorbol12十四酸盐13醋酸盐)的处理，PKC使活跃之物，在JurkatT房间的压制的导致小道的apoptosis。由PMA的apoptosis的抑制被预告的处理与二度废除，一个PKC禁止者。总起来说，Bcl-2在表示上和PMA激活PKC，这被建议活跃地下面调整在JurkatT的调停小道的apoptosis房间。

简介：Clk/STYisaLAMMERproteinkinasecapabletophosphorylateserine/arginine-rich(SR)proteinsthatmodulatepremRNAsplicing.Clk/STYalternativesplicinggeneratestranscriptsencodingafull-lengthkinaseandatruncatedcatalyticallyinactiveprotein.Hereweshowedthatclk/STY,aswellasothermembersofthefamily(e.g.clk2,clk3andclk4),areup-regulatedduringHMBA-inducederythroleukemiacelldifferentiation.mRNAscodingforthefull-lengthandthetruncatedformswereresponsiblefortheoverallincreasedexpression.Inclk/STY,however,aswitchwasobservedfortheratioofthetwoalternativesplicedproducts.Inundifferentiatedcellsthefull-lengthtranscriptwasmoreabundantwhereasthetranscriptencodingforthetruncatedformpredominatedatlatterstagesofdifferentiation.Surprisingly,overexpressionofclk/STYdidnotalterthesplicingswitchupondifferentiationinMELcells.Theseresultssuggestthatclk/STYmightcontributetocontrolerythroiddifferentiationbyamechanismthatimplicatesabalancebetweenthesetwoisoforms.

简介：Amurinemacrophage-likecelllineJ774,acquired,inresponsetoLPS,anabilitytokilltumornecrosisfactor(TNF)-insensitivetargetP815mastocytomacellswhereasanothercellline,P388D1didnot,LPStriggeredsignalingmechanismsbetweenthetwocelllineswerecomparedwithanaimtoinquireaboutthepossiblenatureoftheabove-mentioneddifference,TheresultswhowedthattwocelllinesrespondtoLPS-treatmentbyparallelactivationofbothphospholipasesCandA2(PLCandPLA2)toapproximatelythesameextent.ThemaximumresponseoftothenzymesofJ774cellswasnotedwithin10minthetreatmentwhereasthatofP388D1cellsrequiredmorethan20min,TheotherpropertiesofLPS-responsiveenzymesstudiedweresimilarbetweentwocelllines,includingActivationofPLCandPLA2andPKCinmacrophagesbyLPS.Ca2+augmentationofenzymeactivation,participationofguaninenucleotidebinding(G)proteinsintheinitialactivationpreocesses,andinhibitionofenzymeactivationbythepriortreatmentofcellswithcholeraorpertussistoxinsetc.Moreover,LPS-triggeredactivationofPLCandPLA2wasfoundtobefollowedbytheincreaseofPKCactivitiesinbothcelllines.Inspiteofthesesimilarities.J774cellspossessedbothbasicandacidicformsofPKCactivities,whileP388D1cellsownedonlyPKCofbasicform,Nevertheless,thequestionwhyJ774cellsbutnotP388D1cells,canacquirethetumoricidalactivity,aganistP815,cellsfollowingLPStreatmentrematinstobeanswered.

简介：Amurinemacrophage-likecellline,J774,acquried,inresponsetoLPS,anabilitytokilltumornecrosisfactor（TNF）-insensitivetargetP815mastocytomacells,whereasanothercellline,P388D1,didnot.LPS-triggeredsignalingmechanismsbetweenthetwocelllineswerecomparedwithanaimtoinquireaboutthepossiblenatureoftheabove-mentioneddifference.TheresultsshowedthattwocelllinesrespondtoLPS-treatmentbyparallelactivationofbothphospholipasesCandA2（PLCandPLA2）toapproximatelythesameextent.ThemaximumresponseofbothenzymesofJ774cellswasnotedwithin10minofthetreatment,whereasthatofP388D1cellsrequiredmorethan20min.TheotherpropertiesofLPS-responsiveenzymesstudiedweresimilarbetweentwocelllines,ineludingActivationofPLCandPLA2andPKCinmacrophagesbyLPSCa2+augmentationofenzymeactivation,participationofguaninenucleotidebinding（G）proteinsintheinitialactivationprocesses,andinhibitionofenzymeactivationbythepriortreatmentofcellswithcholeraorpartussistoxinsetc.Moreover,LPS-triggeredactivationofPLCandPLA2wasfoundtobefollowedbytheincreaseofPKCactivitiesinbothcelllines.Inspiteofthesesimilarities,J774cellspossessedbothbasicandacidicformsofPKCactivities,whileP388D1cellsownedonlyPKCofbasicform.Nevertheless,thequestionwhyJ774cells,butnotP388D1cells,canacquirethetumoricidalactiyity,aganistP815cellsfollowingLPS-treatmentremainstobeanswered.

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