简介:摘要:前苏联文艺派翻译理论家索博列夫(Л.Н. Соболев)说:“翻译的目的就是把一种语言中的内容和形式移植到另一种语言中去”。前苏联语言学派翻译理论家费奥多罗夫(А.В. Фёдоров)说:“翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容和形式不可分割的统一中业已表达出来的东西,准确而完全地表达出来”。苏联翻译理论家巴尔胡达罗夫(Л.С. Бархударов)说:“翻译是把一种语言的言语产物,在保持内容也就是意义不变的情况下,改变为另一种语言产物的过程”。 上个世纪60年代末、70年代初以维列夏金、科斯托玛罗夫合著的《语言与文化》(1971)一书的出版为标志,前苏联学者在对外俄语教学中总结出来语言国情学,探讨并揭示语言与国情的关系。文化语义研究与此有着深厚的渊源。其基本理论是“语言不仅具有交际功能,而且具有文化蓄载功能和指导功能,其中文化蓄载功能对语言国情学的创立和发展尤为重要”。语言的蓄载功能主要体现在词语的文化意义方面。本文将就文学翻译的国外研究进行梳理,并找出适合中国文学作品俄译的文化义素分析路径和方法。
简介:PURPOSE:ResistancetotemozolomidechemotherapyispartlymediatedbyO^6-methylguanine-DNAmethlytransferase(MGMT).ProtractedtreatmentwithtemozolomidepotentiallyovercomesMGMTresistanceandimprovesoutcome.WeconductedaphaseIIstudyofprotracteddailytemozolomideinadultswithlow-gradegliomas.EXPERIMENTALDESIGN:PatientswithnewlydiagnosedoligodendrogliomaoroligoastrocytomawithaMIB-1indexof〉5%orrecurrentlow-gradegliomasreceivedtemozolomide(75mg/m^2/dayin11-weekcyclesof7weekson/4weeksoff).Treatmentcontinuedforatotalofsixcyclesoruntiltumorprogressionorunacceptabletoxicity.Primaryendpointwasbestoverallresponserate;secondaryendpointswereprogression-freesurvival,overallsurvival,andtoxicity.
简介:BACKGROUND:In2004,arandomisedphaseⅢtrialbytheEuropeanOrganisationforResearchandTreatmentofCancer(EORTC)andNationalCancerInstituteofCanadaClinicalTrialsGroup(NCIC)reportedimprovedmedianand2-yearsurvivalforpatientswithglioblastomatreatedwithconcomitantandadjuvanttemozolomideandradiotherapy.We'reportthefinalresultswithamedianfollow-upofmorethan5years.METHODS:Adultpatientswithnewlydiagnosedglioblastomawererandomlyassignedtoreceiveeitherstandardradiotherapyoridenticalradiotherapywithconcomitanttemozolomidefollowedbyuptosixcyclesofadjuvanttemozolomide.
简介:PURPOSE:Toevaluatethetoxicityandresponserateofbortezomibwithconcurrentradiotherapyandtemozolomideinthetreatmentofpatientswithcentralnervoussystemmalignancies.PATIENTSANDMETHODS:Thisopen-label,dose-escalation,PhaseⅠclinicalstudyevaluatedthesafetyofthreedoselevelsofintravenouslyadministeredbortezomib(0.7,1.0,and1.3mg/m(2)/dose)onDays1,4,8,and11ofa21-daycycle,inadditiontoconcurrentradiotherapyandtemozolomideatadailydoseof75mg/m(2)startingonDay1.Theprimaryendpointwasdose-limitingtoxicity,definedasanyGrade4-5toxicityorGrade3toxicitydirectlyat-tr/butabletoprotocoltreatment,requiringhospitalizationand/orradiotherapyinterruption.