简介:无
简介:内容摘要:选择当年发生土地违法案件数、涉案面积当成主要的表征指标,对2002年到2009年的省级面板数据进行统一收集,分析土地督察对土地违法是否会产生影响,具体程度如何。论文用随机效应、混合OIS模型及固定效应模型进行估计,经相关的检验后,认为固定效应模型的估计结果最为适用。基于模型的估计结果,评价土地督察对土地违法的遏制效应。在分析后得知:第一,土地督察能够使土地违法明显下降,土地例行督察的覆盖度每增加1%,就能避免九十二起土地违法案件的发生,并且土地违法涉案面积也会减少2.18个百分点左右;第二,如果对某个省份实施转向督查,就可能有七起土地违法案件不会出现,土地违法的涉案面积减少31.11个百分点左右;第三,在土地专项与例行督察的作用下,2007年可能有84起土地违法案件不会发生,2008年在3473起左右,2009年上升到12500起,减少的土地违法涉案面积依次是2314.14、1919.75和3046.57公顷。
简介:摘要:车务站段是铁路运输基层生产单位,是落实安全生产的主体。历年来,铁路运输生产力布局不断调整,基本形成由车务段和直属站进行基层运输生产管理的模式。不同的车务站段在工作组织和车站管理方面存在一定的差异,对应的管理模式也存在较大的差异。为了充分利用管理资源,提高管理效率,需要对全国铁路车务站段管理模式情况进行研究,确定各车务站段适宜的管理模式。目前,关于车务站段管理模式的研究主要包括对普速铁路车务站段管理模式的研究、对高速铁路车务站段及客运专线车站管理模式的研究、对规范车务站段管理的研究等,普遍区分普速铁路、高速铁路开展,未能对全国铁路的车务站段采用的管理模式进行系统的梳理与研究。因此,对全国铁路车务站段现有管理模式情况进行分析,研究车务站段适宜采用的管理模式,利用铁路车务系统布局适配评价方法,定性、定量相结合地分析车务站段采取不同管理模式的适用情况,为车务站段布局调整提供依据。
简介:AbstractBackground:The End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy of the World Health Organization highlights the need for patient-centered care and social protection measures that alleviate the financial hardships faced by many TB patients. In China, TB treatments are paid for by earmarked government funds, social health insurance, medical assistance for the poor, and out-of-pocket payments from patients. As part of Phase III of the China-Gates TB project, this paper introduces multi-source financing of TB treatment in the three provinces of China and analyzes the challenges of moving towards universal coverage and its implications of multi-sectoral engagement for TB care.Main text:The new financing policies for TB treatment in the three provinces include increased reimbursement for TB outpatient care, linkage of TB treatment with local poverty alleviation programs, and use of local government funds to cover some costs to reduce out-of-pocket expenses. However, there are several challenges in reducing the financial burdens faced by TB patients. First, medical costs must be contained by reducing the profit-maximizing behaviors of hospitals. Second, treatment for TB and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is only available at county hospitals and city or provincial hospitals, respectively, and these hospitals have low reimbursement rates and high co-payments. Third, many patients with TB and MDR-TB are at the edge of poverty, and therefore ineligible for medical assistance, which targets extremely poor individuals. In addition, the local governments of less developed provinces often face fiscal difficulties, making it challenging to use of local government funds to provide financial support for TB patients. We suggest that stakeholders at multiple sectors should engage in transparent and responsive communications, coordinate policy developments, and integrate resources to improve the integration of social protection schemes.Conclusions:The Chinese government is examining the establishment of multi-source financing for TB treatment by mobilization of funds from the government and social protection schemes. These efforts require strengthening the cooperation of multiple sectors and improving the accountability of different government agencies. All key stakeholders must take concrete actions in the near future to assure significant progress toward the goal of alleviating the financial burden faced by TB and MDR-TB patients.
简介:摘要:开展党委督察工作,是公司党委借鉴上级巡视巡察工作经验,将从严治党“打通最后一公里”的具体实践。黄河钻井总公司党委探索实施党委督察工作,通过发挥党委督察震慑作用,推动公司重大决策部署在基层落地生根,有效破解基层单位对上级决策部署落实不到位、选人用人程序不规范、信访举报多、生产经营管理长期打不开局面等问题。
简介:AbstractBackground:The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted, and the underlying mechanisms are elusive. We conducted data mining analysis to gain a better insight into the disease and to identify the hub genes associated with the progression of NAFLD.Methods:The dataset GSE49541, containing the profile of 40 samples representing mild stages of NAFLD and 32 samples representing advanced stages of NAFLD, was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R programming language. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database were used to perform the enrichment analysis and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, respectively. Subsequently, transcription factor networks and key modules were identified. The hub genes were validated in a mice model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and in cultured HepG2 cells by real-time quantitative PCR.Results:Based on the GSE49541 dataset, 57 DEGs were selected and enriched in chemokine activity and cellular component, including the extracellular region. Twelve transcription factors associated with DEGs were indicated from PPI analysis. Upregulated expression of five hub genes (SOX9, CCL20, CXCL1, CD24, and CHST4), which were identified from the dataset, was also observed in the livers of HFD-induced NAFLD mice and in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid or advanced glycation end products.Conclusion:The hub genes SOX9, CCL20, CXCL1, CD24, and CHST4 are involved in the aggravation of NAFLD. Our results offer new insights into the underlying mechanism of NAFLD progression.
简介:【摘要】编辑导师制是为了促进编辑人员职业素养和业务技能的提高而开展的一项老带新结对子活动,是培养青年编辑的有效形式。文章以编辑导师制为实现形式,表现出在此活动中一名青年编辑的所学、所思及感悟,说明了编辑导师制的重要意义。