简介：Stemcellshavetheremarkablepotentialtodevelopintomanydifferentcelltypes,essentiallywithoutlimittoreplenishothercellsaslongasthepersonoranimalisstillalive,offeringimmensehopeofcuringAlzheimer’sdisease,repairingdamagedspinalcords,treatingkidney,liverandlungdiseasesandmakingdamagedheartswhole.Untilrecently,scientistsprimarilyworkedwithtwokindsofstemcellsfromanimalsandhumans:embryonicstemcellsandnon-embryonic'somatic'or'adult'stemcells.Recentbreakthroughmakeitpossibletoconvertor'reprogram'specializedadultcellstoassumeastemstem-likecellswithdifferenttechnologies.Thereviewwillbrieflydiscusstherecentprogressesinthisarea.更多还原

简介：产生导致的pluripotent干细胞(iPSCs)的曾经改进的技术作为疾病建模，屏蔽的药，再生药和房间治疗的新奇候选人增加了他们的潜在的使用。确实，为没有道德的担心的自强的广泛的能力由胚胎的干细胞(转换字符)面对了的iPSCs提议。关于在免疫系统的潜在的应用程序，许多研究提供证据给在另外的系统上使用iPSCs有独占的优点的支持。造血的干细胞和成熟有免疫力的房间的几种类型成功地是到iPSCs并且反过来也如此的reprogrammed，铺向我们有效地为病人特定的疾病建模并且提供为输送药的潜在地其他的房间来源的能力的一条路径。尽管有这些潜在的进展，关于在诊所的iPSCs的使用的一些限制尚待，包括iPSCs和他们的衍生物的immunogenicity，它当前在这块地里的争论下面。在这评论，我们主要集中于讨论关于免疫系统在最近的区别方法和iPSCs的临床的含意被取得的最近的进步。另外，关于iPSCs的临床的申请的当前的问题被处理，特别包围immunogenicity的争吵，与许多其他的观点一起。

简介：ObjectiveTodetectthecellviabilityandtheexpressionsofstemcellsurfacemarkersafterchemotherapeuticdrugtreatment.MethodsWeobservedthecytotoxiceffectsofthreechemotherapeuticagents[epirubicin(Epi),fluorouracil(5-FU)andcyclophosphamide(Cyc)]inthreecelllines,andthecellviabilitiesafterremovedthesechemotherapeuticagents.ExpressionsofstemcellsurfacemarkersCD44,CD24,CD90,CD14andaldehydedehydrogenase1(ALDH1)inbreastcancercellswereanalyzedbyreal-timePCR.Theposthocanalysis(Tukey’stests)inconjunctionwithone-wayANOVAwasusedforstatisticalanalysis.ResultsTheinitialcytotoxicefficacywasmostnotable.Afterthetreatmentofthesametherapeuticagents,cellviabilitywasdecreasedby64.8%35.14%,32.25%inBT-483cells,66.4%,22.94%and45.88%inMDA-MB-231cells,97.1%,99.5%and76.4%inMCFcells.Thedifferencewassignificantcomparedwiththatbeforetreatment(P=0.000).However,theinhibitoryeffectswerediminishedafterchemotherapeuticagentwithdrawal.Cellviabilitieswereincreasedto167.9%,212.04%and188.66%inMDA-MB-231cellsat48hafterwithdrawal.At72hafterwithdrawal,cellviabilitywasincreasedwithasignificantdifferenceinthreecelllines(allPvalues=0.000).ExpressionsofCD44andALDH1weremostprevalentforMDA-MB-231,BT-483andMCF-7cells.ALDH1mRNAlevelwassignificanthigherinBT-483(HER-2overexpressioncellline)thanMDA-MB-231(triplenegativecellline)(P=0.012).CD14mRNAlevelinMCF-7cellsweresignificantlylowerthanthatinMDA-MB-231andBT-483(P=0.003,0.001).BT-483showedsignificantlyhigherlevelofCD44thanMDA-MB-231andMCF-7cellline(P=0.013,0.020),andnosignificantdifferencewasdetectedbetweenMDA-MB-231andMCF-7breastcancercells(P=0.955).CD90mRNAexpressionsweredetectedinMDA-MB-231cellsandMCF-7cells,butnotinBT-483cells.ConclusionSomemalignantcellscouldsurviveinvitroandbegintoproliferateagainbetweencyclesofchemotherapy.

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简介：Neuroendocrinetumors(NET)areaheterogeneousgroupofcancers,withindolentbehavior.Themostcommonprimaryoriginisthegastro-intestinaltractbutcanalsoappearinthelungs,kidneys,adrenals,ovariesandotherorgans.Ingeneral,NETisusuallydiscoveredinthemetastaticphase(40%-80%).Theliveristhemostcommonorganinvolvedwhenmetastasesoccur(40%-93%),followedbybone(12%-20%)andlung(8%-10%).Anumberofdifferenttherapeuticoptionsareavailableforthetreatmentofhepaticmetastasesincludingsurgicalresection,transplantation,ablation,trans-arterialchemoembolization,chemotherapyandsomatostatinanalogues.Recently,moleculartargetedtherapieshavebeenused,usuallyincombinationwithothertreatmentoptions,toimproveoutcomesinpatientswithmetastases.ThisarticleemphasizesontheroleofsurgeryinthetreatmentoflivermetastasesfromNET.

简介：Ozonesondes广泛地被用来从表面获得臭氧集中侧面到上面的空气。一种双房间ozonesonde在大气的物理(国际机场)的研究所被开发了，中国科学院(把IAP称为ozonesonde)基于在开发singlecellGPSO3ozonesonde的过去的20年的以前的经验。国际机场ozonesonde具有电气化学的集中房间(ECC)类型。对IAPozonesonde的详细描述第一在现在的纸被提供，从执行评估它的表演的一系列发射由结果的一个演讲列在后面。分析涉及象一个布鲁尔分光光度计一样从GPSO3和ECCozonesondes(模型类型ENSCI-Z)把它的观察与大小作比较。结果证明IAPozonesonde是在GPSO3ozonesonde上的广阔改进，能捕获垂直臭氧结构很好并且在对ECCozonesonde大小的好同意。在臭氧的平均差别在IAP和ECCozonesondes之间的部分压力是从表面的0.3mPa到2.5km，从2.5～9km并且通常的结束到零为比9km高的层的不到1mPa。明显的偏差被减少的泵流动率多半在需要推进改进的IAPozonesonde引起。IAPozonesonde侧面测量的全部的臭氧数量与有6%的相对差别的酒商数据是高度可比较的。IAPozonesonde和它的强壮的性能的开发在不久的将来将肯定在中国上加速臭氧侧面的常规观察的进程以及一般来说为臭氧研究提供更多的数据。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigateandcomparethecytopathologicalandclinicaleffectsofamnioticmembranetransplantation(AMT)andoralmucosalmembranetransplantation(OMMT)insocketcontraction.METHODS:Twelvepatientswhocouldnotbefittedwithocularprosthesisduetosocketcontracturewereincludedinthisstudy.SevenpatientsunderwentAMTand5patientsunderwentOMMT.Thirteenpatientswhohadhealthysocketswereincludedascontrolgroup.Depthofinferiorfornix,degreeofinflammation,extentofthesocketcontractureandsocketvolumeweremeasuredinthepreoperativeperiodandatsixthandtwelfthweekspostoperatively.Impressioncytologyofconjunctivalfornicesandteartransforminggrowthfactorbeta-1(TGFβ1)levelsweredetermined.RESULTS:IntheAMTgroup,socketvolumeandlowerfornixdepthvaluesweresignificantlyhigher(P=0.030andP=0.004respectively)andinflammationlevelsandimpressioncytologystages(P=0.037andP=0.022respectively)weresignificantlylowerinpostoperativeperiodcomparedtopreoperativeperiod.IntheOMMTgroup,nostatisticaldifferenceswerefoundintermsofclinicalparameters,inflammationlevelsandimpressioncytologystagesofpreoperativeversuspostoperativevalues.PreoperativetearTGFβ1levelswerehigherinAMTandOMMTgroupscomparedtothecontrolgroup(25.5ng/mL,26.3ng/mLand21.7ng/mLrespectively).DecreasedtearTGFβ1levelswereobservedinboththeAMTandOMMTgroupspostoperatively(mediandecreasevalue=2.1ng/mLand2.7ng/mLrespectively).CONCLUSION:AMTisassociatedwithpostoperativeimprovementininferiorfornixdepth,socketvolume,inflammationandimpressioncytologylevelsandmaybeamoreproperalternativemethodthanOMMTinthemanagementofsocketcontracture.

简介：Graphene由于它的非凡的物理、化学的性质在许多应用与大潜力作为新碳nanoform出现了。特别，graphene和它的衍生物也作为新部件在生物医学的领域里正在获得很多兴趣为生物传感器，织物工程，和药交货。这评论介绍graphene，graphene的简历效果和它的衍生物的唯一的性质，特别和房间的他们的相互作用和为癌症诊断和治疗的基于graphene的生物传感器和nanomedicines的发展。

简介：Thispaperproposesanewcellintuitionsimulationmethodwhichisacombinationofintuitivesimulationcalculationmethodandtheoperationofbinaryimage,andapplieditintheinnovationofthegraphicdesignprocess.Firstofall,westudyhowtoexpressavarietyofgraphics,andestablishthedefinitionofcellintuitivemodel,workoutthecellintuitiveoperationprocessandmanynewcellularoperatorssuchasavarietyofmatrixblockscrossoveroperator,avarietyofmatrixblocksmutationoperator,matrixblocksreplaceoperator,matrixblockscompressionoperator,matrixblocksextensionoperator.Bychoosingtwoormorecellsandselectingtheartificialselectionorfitnessselection,wecansetupandvisualizethedesignandpickthebestdesignresults.Finally,validationismadeonthisalgorithmbyanexample,andainnovationgraphicisalsorepresented.

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简介：尽管为有类型1糖尿病的个人的小岛移植被显示了产出优异的血葡萄糖控制，它为长期的控制仍然保持不适当。这是部分，由于小岛损害和压力，那能导致贝它房间损失。过量IL-1β的抑制；活动可能最小化小岛损害，因此保存工作。IL-1受体对手(IL-1Ra)，IL-1β的一个内长的禁止者；，保护小岛免受导致cytokine的坏死和apoptosis的伤害。因此，在IL-1β之间的不平衡；并且IL-1Ra可能影响到小岛的allogeneic和自体免疫的回答的功课。我们的组以前证明传播丝氨酸朊酶禁止者人alpha-1-antitrypsin(hAAT)，以及immunomodulatory活动。在现在的学习，我们寻求了决定是否胰腺的小岛hAAT的allograft保护的活动被IL-1Ra调停感应。我们的结果证明hAAT在刺激巨噬细胞在IL-1Ra表示导致了2.04褶层增加并且hAAT-pre-treated小岛接枝在IL-1Ra抄本层次展出了4.851褶层增加，它与中等煽动性的侧面被联系。出人意料地，从IL-1Ra-knockout鼠标被孤立并且在grafting前与hAAT预先对待进野类型的鼠标的小岛在大概从渗入主机房间被导出的intragraftIL-1Ra表示产出增加，当主机的hAAT处理不在时的虽然。确实，hAAT-pre-treated小岛产生了能在有教养的巨噬细胞导致IL-1Ra生产的hAAT免费的调节媒介。最后，我们证明hAAT为p65支持了不同phosphorylation和原子translocation模式，为IL-1Ra要求的一个关键抄写因素表示。

简介：Spindlecellcarcinomaofthebreastisararetumor.Thistumorcanproliferaterapidlyandcausecysticchangesbecauseofinternaltissuenecrosis.Weevaluateda54-year-oldwomanwithrightbreastlump.Mammographyshowedacategoryfourmasswithadiameterof2.5cm.Ultrasonography(US)revealedacomplexcysticlesion,andfine-needleaspiration(FNA)cytologydemonstratedbloodyfluidandmalignantcells.Partialbreastresectionandsentinellymphnodebiopsywereperformed.Immunohistologyrevealedspindlecellswithpositiveresultsforcytokeratin(AE1/AE3)andvimentin,partiallypositiveresultsfors-100,andnegativeresultsfordesminandα-actin.ThepathologicalstagewasIIA,andbiochemicalcharacterizationshowedthatthetumorwastriplenegative.SixcoursesofFEC-100chemotherapy(5-fluorouracil500mg/m2,epirubicin100mg/m2,andcyclophosphamide500mg/m2)wereadministered.Radiotherapywasperformed.Thiscaseisdiscussedwithreferencetotheliterature.

简介：免疫疗法和化疗的联合为癌症的某些类型的治疗被认为是一条有希望的途径。然而，内在的机制需要充分被调查为癌症chemoimmunotherapy指导更有效的协议的设计。联系危险的分子的模式(阻尼)能激活有免疫力的房间，是众所周知的，包括树枝状的房间(DC)，经由像使用费的受体(TLR)；然而，在有免疫力的反应的激活免除化学对待药的肿瘤房间的阻尼的角色需要进一步被阐明。这里，我们发现那colorectal与oxaliplatin(OXA)对待的癌症(CRC)房间或5氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)释放了高活动性的组盒子1的高水平(HMGB1)和热吃惊蛋白质70(HSP70)。在OXA/5-Fu治疗以后，也展出的CRC病人的sera增加了HMGB1和HSP70的层次，哪个是著名阻尼。与OXA/5-Fu对待的垂死的CRC房间的上层清液支持了老鼠和人的DC成熟，与HLA医生，CD80和CD86表示和IL-1β的改进的upregulation；，TNF-α；，MIP-1α；，MIP-1β；，RANTES和IP-10生产。由DC组成的疫苗与导致的化学上强调的CRC房间的上层清液搏动了更重要的IFN-γ；在vitro并且在vivo生产Th1反应。然而，化学上强调的CRC房间的上层清液没能在TLR4缺乏的DC导致phenotypic成熟和cytokine生产，显示在导致阻尼的DC成熟和激活的TLR4的一个必要角色。而且，有化学上强调的CRC房间的上层清液的pulsing高效地没导致IFN-γ；在TLR4缺乏的DC生产Th1反应。一起，这些结果证明免除化学上强调的癌症房间的阻尼能经由TLR4激活DC并且提高反肿瘤T房间有免疫力的回答的正式就职，描出一条临床上相关的免疫助手小径由阻尼被触发。

简介：与他们在文化经历无限的自强并且在身体区分进所有房间类型的能力，人的胚胎的干细胞(hESCs)为治疗保持大潜力当前不治之症。为针的绳索损害和有斑点的退化的二基于hESC的房间治疗被推进了进人的临床的试用。尽管有这快速的进步，基于hESC的房间治疗的一关键挑战是由接受者的导出hESC的房间的allogeneic免疫者拒绝。这个问题能被病人特定的体的房间的原子reprogramming被最近的突破与定义因素在导致的pluripotent干细胞(iPSCs)的技术减轻它能为房间治疗成为自体同源的房间的可更新的来源。然而，揭示反常epigenetics，genomic稳定性和iPSCs的immunogenicity的最近的研究在基于iPSC的治疗上提起了安全担心。与iPSC衍生物的immunogenicity有关的最近的调查结果将在这评论被总结。

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简介：Heterogeneouscellularnetworksimprovethespectrumefficiencyandcoverageofwirelesscommunicationnetworksbydeployinglowpowerbasestation(BS)overlappingtheconventionalmacrocell.ButduetothedisparitybetweenthetransmitpowersofthemacroBSandthelowpowerBS,cellassociationstrategydevelopedfortheconventionalhomogeneousnetworksmayleadtoahighlyunbalancedtrafficloadingwithmostofthetrafficconcentratedonthemacroBS.Inthispaper,weproposeaload-balancecellassociationschemeforheterogeneouscellularnetworkaimingtomaximizethenetworkcapacity.Byrelaxingtheassociationconstraints,wecangettheupperboundofoptimalsolutionandconverttheprimalproblemintoaconvexoptimizationproblem.FurthermoreweproposeaLagrangemultipliersbaseddistributedalgorithmbyusingLagrangedualtheorytosolvetheconvexoptimization,whichconvergestoanoptimalsolutionwithatheoreticalperformanceguarantee.Withtheproposedalgorithm,mobileterminals(MTs)needtojointlyconsidertheirtraffictype,receivedsignal-to-interference-noise-ratios(SINRs)fromBSs,andtheloadofBSswhentheychooseserverBS.SimulationresultsshowthattheloadbalancebetweenmacroandpicoBSisachievedandnetworkcapacityisimprovedsignificantlybyourproposedcellassociationalgorithm.

简介：Oxidativestressiscloselyassociatedwithsecondarycelldeathinmanydisordersofthecentralnervoussystemincludingstroke,Parkinson’sdisease,Alzheimer’sdisease.Amongmanyaberrantoxidativestress-associatedproteins,DJ-1hasbeenassociatedwiththeoxidativestresscelldeathcascadeprimarilyinParkinson’sdisease.Althoughprincipallyexpressedinthecytoplasmandnucleus,DJ-1canbesecretedintotheserumunderpathologicalcondition.Recently,aclosepathologicalassociationbetweenDJ-1andoxidativestressinstrokehasbeenimplicated.Tothisend,weandothershavedemonstratedtheimportantroleofmitochondriainneuroprotectionforstrokebydemonstratingthatthetranslocationofDJ-1inthemitochondriacouldpotentiallymitigatemitochondrialinjury.Here,wediscussourrecentfindingstestingthehypothesisthatDJ-1notonlyfunctionsasaformofintracellularprotectionfromoxidativestress,butthatitalsoutilizesparacrineand/orautocrinecuesinordertoaccomplishextracellularsignalingbetweenneighboringneuronalcells,resultinginneuroprotection.ThisarticlehighlightsrecentevidencesupportingthestatusofDJ-1askeyanti-oxidativestresstherapeutictargetforstroke.

简介：ObjectivesToestablishamethodforhighyieldmesenchymalstemcellscollection,aswellasaculturemethodforidentifyingmesenchymalstemcellsfromtheswineadipose-derivedmesenchymalstemcell(ADMSC).MethodsSwineADMSCswereisolatedfromfattissuewithcollagenase,followedbyinductionofdifferentiationtoosteogenic,adipogenicandchondrogrniccells.ThesurvivalcurveoftheADMSCatthe37oCand38oCweremeasuredusingWST-1CellProliferationAssayReagent.ResultADMSCsisolatedwithcollagenasefromswineneckfattissuegeneratedastableuniformappearanceafterthesecondgeneration.Thepassageperiodwasfivedays.ADMSCcoulddifferentiateintoosteogenic,adipogenicorchondrogrniccellsunderdifferentcultureconditions.Thehighestgrowthratewasachievedat38oCinthisstudy.ConclusionSwineADMSCshavethepotentialtodifferentiateintoosteogenic,adipogenicorchondrogrniccells,andtheymaybeappropriatefortransplantationforbothresearchandclinicalpurpose.