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简介：Fifty-sevenstations(48gridstationsandninestratifiedstations)weresampledacrossthestudyregion(67.000°–88.394°N,152.500°–178.643°W)duringthe4thChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition(CHINARE4)fromJulytoAugust2010bytheicebreakerR/VXuelong.Atotalof24speciesofHydromedusaewereidentifiedfrom130zooplanktonsamples,ofwhichsevenspeciesbelongedtoAutomedusa,eightspeciestoAnthomedusae,fourspeciestoLeptomedudae,andthreespeciestoSiphonophora.CatablemamulticirratumKishinouye,1910,BougainvilliabitentaculataUchida,1925,andEuphysajaponica(Maas,1909)wererecordedforthefirsttimeintheArcticsea.Inthepresentpaper,18speciesofHydromedusaeweredescribedandillustrated,ofwhichthreespeciesweredescribedforthefirsttimeintheArcticsea,and15speciesweredescribedforthefirsttimeinChina.

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简介：TheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenseaiceinArcticandAntarctic,andtheSouthernOscillationIndex(SOI)variationonthetemporalscaleofmonth,seasonandyearismadeinthispaper.ThenegativecorrelationbetweenseaiceinArcticandtheSOI.andthepositivecorrelationbetweenseaiceinAntarcticandtheSOIarefound.ThevariationofseaiceinAntarcticPacificseemstoplayanimportantroleintheinfluencetoatmosphere.Theirnonlinearrelationshipspresentmorestronglythanthelinearrelationshipbetweenthem.TherelationshipbetweenseaiceinArcticandAntarcticandtheSOIintheearlystageisinvestigated.Theirvariationshowsperiodicphenomena.ThemaximumcorrelationisusedtobuildthemodelforforecastingthevariationoftheSOIontheconditionoftheseaiceinArcticandAntarctic.Theexplainedvarianceofthesimulatedseriesisgreaterthan0.90.Thereexistsa17-monthperiodintherelationshipbetweenseaiceinArcticandAntarcticandSOI.Theexistingofthecommonfactorwithlargerscaleisdiscussedinthispaper.

简介：热流动在2012在第5中国国家北极远征期间在洛莫诺索夫·理兹上被测量。为了导出时间温度，弯，抵抗力数据被resistivitytemperature节目转变到温度。直接的读和线性回归方法被用来计算平衡温度，它是对在沉积的探针的深度的regressed导出地热的坡度。然后，热流动作为地热的坡度的产品和沉积的热电导率被计算。热流动价值根据二个方法是类似的(即，67.27mW/m2和63.99mW/m2，分别地)。结果与大小在邻近的地点执行了一致。热流动模型预言的洛莫诺索夫·理兹的年龄是62妈，它根据山脉在大约60妈与欧亚大陆被分开的推理。

简介：InthisstudytherelationshipbetweentheArcticOscillation(AO)andclimateinChinainborealwinterareinvestigated.Correlationanalysisforthelast41yearsshowsthatthewintertemperatureandprecipitationinChinachangeinphasewithAO.Highpostiviecorrelation(>0.04)betweentemperatureandAOappearsinthenorthernChina.HighcorrelationcoefficientsbetweenprecipitationandAOcoverthesouthernChina(closetotheSouthChyinaSea)andthecentralChina(between30°-40°Nandeastof-100°E),withthevaluesvaryingbetween+0.3and+0.4.ItisfoundthatduringthepastseveraldecadestheprecipitationwasstronglyaffectedbyAO,butforthetemperaturetheSiberianHighplaysamoreimportantrole.AttheinterdecadaltimescaletheAOhassignificantinfluenceonbothtemperatureandpreciptiation.MultivariateregressionanalysisdemonstratesthatAOandtheSiberianHighrelatedvarianceintemperatureandprecipitationis35%and11%respectively,Forprecipitation,howevertheportionisratherlow,implyingthatsomeotherfactorsmayberesponsibleforthechangesinprecipitation,inadditiontoAOandtheSiberianHigh.

简介：SinceAugust2007,whenRussiasetitsnationalflagontheseabeddirectlyunderthegeographicNorthPole,theArcticissueswereonceagainbecamethefocusoftheworldattention.Russia’smovehastriggeredarangeofdeclarationsonterritorialsovereigntybythecountriesalongtheArcticrim,givingrise

简介：Thediffuseattenuationcoefficient(Kd)fordownwellingirradianceiscalculatedfromsolarirradiancedatameasuredintheArcticOceanduring3rdand4thChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition(CHINARE),including18stationsandninestationsselectedforirradianceprofilesinseawaterrespectively.Inthisstudy,thevariationofattenuationcoefficientintheArcticOceanwasstudied,andthefollowingresultswereobtained.First,therelationshipbetweenattenuationcoefficientandchlorophyllconcentrationintheArcticOceanhastheformofapowerfunction.Thebestfitisat443nm,anditsdeterminationcoefficientismorethan0.7.Withincreasingwavelength,thedeterminationcoefficientdecreasesabruptly.At550nm,itevenreachesavaluelowerthan0.2.However,theexponentfittedisonlyhalfofthatadaptedinlow-latitudeoceanbecauseofthelowerchlorophyll-specificabsorptionintheArcticOcean.Theupshotwasthat,inthecaseofthesamechlorophyllconcentration,theattenuationcausedbyphytoplanktonchlorophyllintheArcticOceanislowerthaninlow-latitudeocean.Second,thespectralmodel,whichexhibitstherelationshipofattenuationcoefficientsbetween490nmandotherwavelength,wasbuiltandprovidedanewmethodtoestimatetheattenuationcoefficientatotherwavelength,iftheattenuationcoefficientat490nmwasknown.Third,theimpactfactorsonattenuationcoefficient,includingseaiceandseawatermass,werediscussed.Theinfluenceofseaiceonattenuationcoefficientisindirectandisdeterminedthroughthecontrolofenteringsolarradiation.Thelinearrelationshipbetweenaveragingseaiceconcentration(ASIC,from158Juliandaytoobservationday)andthedepthofmaximumchlorophyllisfittedbyasimplelinearequation.Inaddition,theseawatermass,suchastheACW(AlaskanCoastalWater),directlyaffectstheamountofchlorophyllthroughtakingmorenutrient,andresultsinthehigherattenuationcoefficientinthelayerof30–60m.Con

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简介：Filteringtechnique,extendedempiricalorthogonalfunction(EEOF),spectrumdistributionfunctionandcorrela-tionanalysishavebeenemployedtostudytherelationshipbetweenarcticicecover(AIC)andmonthlymeantempera-tureandprecipitationinChina.Thefunctionofpowerspectrumdensityshowsthatnotonlyasemi-annualandanan-nualoscillationbutalsoaquasi-biennialoscillationcanbefoundinAICareaindexseries,especiallyinJune,SeptemberandNovember.Duringtheperiodofanalysis,itcanalsobefoundthatthereexistsagoodcorrelationbetweentheElNinoeventsandtheAICareaindex.AnanalysisontheEEOFofAICandthetemperatureoverChinaexhibitssomesignificanttemporal-spatialpatternsandabettertime-laginterrelationshipbetweenthem.Theresultsfromthecorrela-tionanalysisindicatethatthevariationofAICareahasasignificantinfluenceonthetemperatureandprecipitationinsubsequentmonthsoverChina.Inaddition,itexperiencesaquasi-bienniallow-frequencyoscillationanddisplaystocertainextentsomefeaturesofpropagation.

简介：我们调查了之间的差别同温层(S类型)并且在intraseasonal时间的tropospheric(T类型)北极摆动(AO)事件可伸缩，以他们对表面空气温度的影响(坐)在北半球和与他们的空间结构联系的动态特征上。S类型AO事件证明一个平流层对流层联合了结构，当T类型事件展出了一个平流层对流层时解开的结构。在北半球上的环形的容纳的异例被发现与S类型AO事件被联系，而如此的一个环形的特征是实质地在T类型AO事件的destructed。在二种类型的对流层的不同水平结构能主要被归因于强迫的短暂旋涡反馈。至于Ttype事件的垂直地解开的结构，把他们区分开来与S类型事件的内在的动态特征在地带地限制的Rossby波浪的垂直繁殖躺着。在T类型事件，在一垂直波导存在的地方，地带地限制的Rossby波浪包能在东北亚洲上从重要高度异例发出，然后向上宣传进平流层。相反，如此的垂直繁殖不为S类型事件是明显的。在T类型事件从对流层与地带地限制的Rossby波浪的向上的注射联系的同温层的异例能进一步通过在climatological想PW和异常PW之间的干扰导致行星的波浪(PW)的异常垂直繁殖，导致最后的平流层对流层T类型事件的解开的结构。

简介：Inthisstudy,changesinArcticseaicethicknessforeachiceagecategorywereexaminedbasedonsatelliteobservationsandmodelledresults.InterannualchangesobtainedfromIce,Cloud,andLandElevationSatellite(ICESat)-basedresultsshowathicknessreductionoverperennialseaice(icethatsurvivesatleastonemeltseasonwithanageofnolessthan2year)uptoapproximately0.5–1.0mand0.6–0.8m(dependingoniceage)duringtheinvestigatedwinterandautumnICESatperiods,respectively.Pan-ArcticIceOceanModelingandAssimilationSystem(PIOMAS)-basedresultsprovideaviewofacontinuedthicknessreductionoverthepastfourdecades.Comparedto1980s,thereisaclearthicknessdropofroughly0.50min2010sforperennialice.Thisoveralldecreaseinseaicethicknesscanbeinpartattributedtotheamplifiedwarmingclimateinnorthlatitudes.Besides,wefigureoutthatstronglyanomaloussoutherlysummersurfacewindsmayplayanimportantroleinpromptingthethicknessdeclineinperennialicezonethroughtransportingheatdepositedinopenwater(primarilyviaalbedofeedback)inEurasiansectordeepintoabroaderseaiceregimeincentralArcticOcean.Thisheatsourceisresponsibleforenhancedicebottommelting,leadingtofurtherreductioninicethickness.

简介：Airtemperatureisakeyindexreflectingclimatechange.Airtemperatureextremesareveryimportantbecausetheystronglyinfluencethenaturalenvironmentandsocietalactivities.TheArcticairtemperatureextremesnorthof60°Nareinvestigatedinthewinter.Dailydatafrom238stationsatnorthof60°Nfromtheglobalsummaryofthedayfortheperiod1979–2015areusedtostudythetrendsofcolddays,coldnights,warmdaysandwarmnightsduringthewintertime.Theresultsshowadecreasingtrendofcolddaysandnights(rateof–0.2to–0.3d/a)andanincreasingtrendofwarmdaysandnights(rateof+0.2to+0.3d/a)intheArctic.Themeantemperatureincreases,whichcontributestotheincreasing(decreasing)occurrenceofwarm(cold)daysandnights.Ontheotherhand,thevarianceatmoststationsdecreased,leadingtoareducednumberofcoldevents.ApositiveAO(ArcticOscillation)indexleadstoanincreased(decreased)numberofwarm(cold)daysandnightsovernorthernEuropeandwesternRussiaandanincreased(decreased)numberofcold(warm)daysandnightsovertheBeringStraitandGreenland.ThelowerextentofArcticautumnseaiceleadstoadecreasednumberofcolddaysandnights.TheoccurrencesofabruptchangesaredetectedusingtheMann-KendallmethodforcoldnightsoccurringinCanadain1998andforwarmnightsoccurringinnorthwesternEurasiain1988.ThisabruptchangemainlyresultedfromthemeanwarminginducedbysouthwindsandanincreasedNorthAtlanticseasurfacetemperature.

简介：AlaskanArcticwatershaveparticipatedinhemispheric-wideArcticwarmingoverthelasttwodecadesatovertwotimestherateofglobalwarming.During2008-13,thisrelativewarmingoccurredonlynorthoftheBeringStraitandtheatmosphericArcticfrontthatformsanorth-souththermalbarrier.ThisfrontseparatesthesoutheasternBeringSeatemperaturesfromArcticairmasses.ModelprojectionsshowthatfuturetemperaturesintheChukchiandBeaufortseascontinuetowarmatarategreaterthantheglobalrate,reachingachangeof＋4℃by2040relativetothe1981-2010mean.Offshoreat74~N,climatemodelsprojecttheopenwaterdurationseasontoincreasefromacurrentaverageofthreemonthstofivemonthsby2040.Theseratesareoccasionallyenhancedbymidlatitudeconnections.BeginninginAugust2014,additionalArcticwarmingwasinitiatedduetoincreasedSSTanomaliesintheNorthPacificandassociatedshiftstosoutherlywindsoverAlaska,especiallyinwinter2015-16.WhileglobalwarmingandequatorialteleconnectionsareimplicatedinNorthPacificSSTs,theendingofthe2014-16NorthPacificwarmeventdemonstratestheimportanceofinternal,chaoticatmosphericnaturalvariabilityonweatherconditionsinanygivenyear.ImpactsfromglobalwarmingonAlaskanArctictemperatureincreasesandsea-iceandsnowloss,withoccasionalNorthPacificsupport,areprojectedtocontinuetopropagatethroughthemarineecosystemintheforeseeablefuture.TheecologicalandsocietalconsequencesofsuchchangesshowaradicaldeparturefromthecurrentArcticenvironment.

简介：ActinomycetesinfivemarinesedimentscollectedfromtheArcticOceanatdepthsof43to3050mwerecultivatedusingavarietyofmedia.Atotalof61actinomycetecolonieswithsubstratemyceliaonlywereobserved,andnocolonieswithaerialmyceliawereobservedunderaerobicconditionsat15℃.Fromthesecolonies,28wereselectedtorepresentdifferentmorphologicaltypes.Denaturinggradientgelelectrophoresis(DGGE)wasusedtocheckthepurityofisolatesandselectrepresentativesforsubsequentsequencing.Phylogenticanalysesbasedonnearlyfull-length16SribosomalRNAgene(rDNA)sequencesindicatedthattheactinomycetesisolatedwereaccommodatedwithingenusRhodococcusoffamilyNocardiaceae,genusDietziaoffamilyDietziaceae,generaJanibacterandTerrabacteroffamilyInstrasporangiaceaeandgeneraKocuriaandArthrobacteroffamilyMicrococcaceae.Oneofthestrains(P27-24)fromthedeep-seasedimentatdepthof3050mwasfoundtobeidenticalin16SrDNAsequence(1474/1474)withtheradiation-resistantKocuriaroseaATCC187Tisolatedfromair.Morethanhalfoftheisolatesshowedthesimilaritiesrangingfrom99.5%to99.9%in16SrDNAsequencetodibenzofran-degrading,butyl2-ethylhexanoate-hydrolysisingandnitrile-metabolizingactinomycetes.Allthestrainsisolatedwerepsychrotolerantbacteriaandgrewbetteronthemediapreparedwithnaturalseawaterthanonthemediapreparedwithdeionizedwater.Threeofthem(Dietziasp.P27-10,Rhodococcussp.S11-3andRhodococcussp.P11-5)hadanobligategrowthrequirementforsalt,confirmingthatthesestrainsareindigenousmarineactinomycetes.

简介：TheinfluenceoftheArcticatmosphereonNorthernHemispheremidlatitudetroposphericweatherandclimateisexploredbycomparingtheskilloftwosetsof14-dayweatherforecastexperimentsusingtheECMWFmodelwithandwithoutrelaxationoftheArcticatmospheretowardsERA-Interimreanalysisdataduringtheintegration.TwopathwaysareidentifiedalongwhichtheArcticinfluencesmidlatitudeweather：apronouncedoneoverAsiaandEasternEurope,andasecondaryoneoverNorthAmerica.Ingeneral,linkagesarefoundtobestrongest（weakest）duringborealwinter（summer）whentheamplitudeofstationaryplanetarywavesovertheNorthernHemisphereisstrongest（weakest）.NodiscernibleArcticimpactisfoundovertheNorthAtlanticandNorthPacificregion,whichisconsistentwithpredominantlysouthwesterlyflow.Ananalysisoftheflow-dependenceofthelinkagesshowsthatanomalousnortherlyflowconditionsincreasetheArcticinfluenceonmidiatitudeweatheroverthecontinents.Specifically,ananomalousnortherlyflowfromtheKaraSeatowardsWestAsialeadstocoldsurfacetemperatureanomaliesnotonlyoverWestAsiabutalsooverEasternandCentralEurope.Finally,theresultsofthisstudyarediscussedinthelightofpotentialmidlatitudebenefitsofimprovedArcticpredictioncapabilities.

简介：模拟用一个修改中央缩尺模型被执行，极的MM5，它在极的区域以内为使用被改编。学习的目的是在在北极硫上模仿大气的行为说明极的MM5的技巧。自动气象站数据，全球大气的分析，以及近表面、上面空气的观察被用来验证模拟。在191997年4月29日模拟揭示了的时期以内的极的MM5和原来的MM5的平行模拟那极的MM5为在北美人上定位的区域比原来的MM5复制了更好近表面的变量预报北极区域。由极的MM5的很好预言的近表面的温度和混合比证实在这个模型被使用的修改物理parameterization计划为北极河区域是适当的。然后，在北美人和欧亚的领域上的极的MM5模拟的扩大评估然后在到2003年5月15日的2002年12月15日期间被执行。从在为在850hPa和500个hPa变量的近表面、垂直的侧面的16个车站的观察和极的MM5模拟的时间序列阴谋和统计分析被分析。模型被发现与精确性的高度在大小和可变性两个都复制观察大气的状态，特别为温度和近表面的风，尽管有细微冷偏爱，在表面附近存在。