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简介：ByusingthesimulationresultsofanAGCM,whichhadbeenrunfrom1945to1993forcedbyCOADSSST,theinterdecadalvariabilityofthemodelatmospherewasinvestigatedandcomparedwiththatofNCEPreanalysisdata.Itwasfoundthat,interdecadalvariabilityexistssignificantlyinboththetropicalPacificwindfieldsandthemid-highlatitudeatmosphericcirculationofthemodelatmosphere.Thetendencyoftimevariationandspatialdistributionsoftheinterdecadalvariabilityofthemodelatmospherearebasicallyconsistentwithobservation.Relativetothemid-highlatitudeatmosphericcirculation,thesimulationoftropicalPacificwindismoresatisfying,whichsuggeststhatanomalousvariationofSSTisstillthemainfactorfortheinterdecadalvariabilityoftropicalPacificwind.Itmighthavemoresignificantinfluenceonthetropicalwindthanonthemid-highlatitudeatmosphere.However,thereisstillobviousdifferencebetweenthesimulationandobservation.Theycouldbeattributedtoboththesimulationcapabilityofthemodelandabsenceofotherfactorsinthemodelwhichareimportantfortheinterdecadalclimatevariation.

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简介：Thetwo-streamapproximationisappliedtosolvethemultiplescatteredradiationtransferequationsforaninhomogeneousaerosolatmosphere.Theaccurateabsorptionofwatervapor,ozone,carbondioxideandmolecularoxygeniscalculated.Calculationshavebeencarriedoutbandbybandforthebeatingrateofatmosphere.Theresultsshowthattheeffectofaerosolsonsolarheatingoftheatmosphereissignificant.

简介：从太空俯瞰地球会发现．它是一个蓝色的球．那是地球表面的水折射太阳光的缘故，而这个蓝色球体的生命保护神．便是我们的大气层。水与大气的结合，创造了生命的奇迹。我们不知道宇宙存在了多少个世纪，我们不知道我们自己是在具体哪天被创造的．我们不知道春夏秋冬的更替还要轮回多少年．我们甚至感觉不到地球的自转和公转．

简介：Ageneralexpressionofthescintillationindexisproposedforopticalwavepropagatinginturbulentat-mosphereunderarbitraryfluctuationconditions.Theexpressiondependsonextremebehaviorsofthescintillationindicesunderbothweakandstrongfluctuations.ThemaximumscintillationindexintheonsetregionandthecorrespondingRytovindexcanbeevaluatedfromthegeneralexpression.Planeandsphericalwavesinthecasesofzeroandnon-zeroturbulenceinnerscalearegivenasexamplesforillustra-tionofthegeneralbehaviorsofscintillationindices.

简介：ThenetworkisincreasinginvolvedintotheChineseNewYearFestival.OnFeb13,AntFinancialandCBNDataissuedtheadatareport"NewYearFestivalonFingers",tomakeananalysisonalipay-supportedlifeservicesbysurveyingmorethan400millionusersduringtheSpringFestival.ThisisthefirsttimetointerpretthetimeofinternetthroughdataanalysisandlookathowtheChineseSpringFestivalischanging.Redenvelopisbecomingthemeansofsendingwarmgreetings;

简介：Thispaperteststheideaofsubstitutingtheatmosphericobservationswithatmosphericreanalysiswhensettingupacoupleddataassimilationsystem.Thepaperfocusesonthequantificationoftheeffectsontheoceanicanalysisresultedfromthissubstitutionanddesignsfourdifferentassimilationschemesforsuchasubstitution.AcoupledLorenz96systemisconstructedandanensembleKalmanfilterisadopted.Theatmosphericreanalysisandoceanicobservationsareassimilatedintothesystemandtheanalysisqualityiscomparedtoabenchmarkexperimentwherebothatmosphericandoceanicobservationsareassimilated.Fourschemesaredesignedforassimilatingthereanalysisandtheydifferinthegenerationoftheperturbedobservationensembleandtherepresentationoftheerrorcovariancematrix.Theresultsshowthatwhenthereanalysisisassimilateddirectlyasindependentobservations,theroot-mean-squareerrorincreaseofoceanicanalysisrelativetothebenchmarkislessthan16%intheperfectmodelframework;inthebiasedmodelcase,theincreaseislessthan22%.Thisresultisrobustwithsufficientensemblesizeandreasonableatmosphericobservationquality(e.g.,frequency,noisiness,anddensity).Iftheobservationisoverlynoisy,infrequent,sparse,ortheensemblesizeisinsufficientlysmall,theanalysisdeteriorationcausedbythesubstitutionislessseveresincetheanalysisqualityofthebenchmarkalsodeterioratessignificantlyduetoworseobservationsandundersampling.Theresultsfromdifferentassimilationschemeshighlighttheimportanceoftwofactors:accuraterepresentationoftheerrorcovarianceofthereanalysisandthetemporalcoherencealongeachensemblemember,whicharecrucialfortheanalysisqualityofthesubstitutionexperiment.

简介：ThechromiumoxidematerialswerepreparedusingCr2O3micropowderasmainstartingmaterial,TiO2micropowderassinteringaid,polyvinylalcoholasbinder,byaseriesofprocessessuchasslurrying,sprayinggranulation,machinemouldingandcoldisostaticpressing,andfiringat1500℃for3hinair(oxygenpartialpressurewas2.1×104Pa),industrialnitrogen(oxygenpartialpressurewas1×103Pa),purenitrogen(oxygenpartialpressurewas10Pa),highpuritynitrogen(oxygenpartialpressurewas0.1Pa),andcarboncakeembeddedatmosphere(oxygenpartialpressurewas2.3×10-12Pa).EffectsofoxygenpartialpressuresonthesinteringbehaviorofCr2O3materialswereinvestigated.Theresultsshowthat(1)for3wt%TiO2-dopedspecimens,thereisasubstantialdependenceofsinteringonoxygenpartialpressure(0.1Pa-2.1×104Pa),andthebulkdensityincreasesandapparentporositydecreaseswithoxygenpartialpressuredecreasing;(2)eveniftheoxygenpartialpressureis0.1Pa,thespecimenwithoutTiO2cannotreachdensificationsintering;(3)underverylowoxygenpartialpressureofcarbonembeddedatmosphere,Cr2O3materialscontainingTiO2ornotcanattaindensification.

简介：在这份报纸，我们关于天气数据和S.C在一仅仅方向鈥?总结洗碗盆实验，物质转的原则，和鈥渞etrograde波浪的科学基础的特征。在气象学的理论的基本问题在被指出的OuYang鈥檚文章。而且，我们讨论包含那种物质发展的概念，理论，和方法的系统的变化。关键词后退在仅仅一个方向的波浪-洗碗盆实验-埃迪电流-首先演变作者陈刚义是信息技术，卫星遥感的一个成员与京族气象学社会的气象学委员会的Chengdu大学的研究人员，地质学的副秘书长和中国地点统计社会的气象的委员会。他做我在进化科学理论和空间遥感信息和它的申请的不规则的基础信息上研究到灾难天气并且为中国发现的国家鈥檚天赋科学的几个科学研究工程负责，国家鈥檚优先级的工程研究，国家鈥檚优先级基本R与D节目，和国家鈥檚气象学科学资助。他为国家鈥檚鈥淓ighth的重要结果赢得了奖金--从在1996的中国科学院的科学的五鈥?和技术节目和科学、工艺的进步。

简介：ＣＨＩＮＡＧＬＯＢＡＬＡＴＭＯＳＰＨＥＲＥＷＡＴＣＨＢＡＳＥＬＩＮＥＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＯＲＹＡＮＤＩＴＳＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＰＲＯＧＲＡＭＴａｎｇＪｉｅ（汤洁），ＷｅｎＹｕｐｕ（温玉璞），ＸｕＸｉａｏｂｉｎ（徐晓斌），ＺｈｅｎｇＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ（郑...

简介：在变丑和垂直涡度趋势之间的一种数学关系被介绍frontogenesis功能和完全的垂直涡度方程造，它被潮湿的潜在的涡度的优点导出。从数学关系，适当地设置了大气的条件，这被显示出能让变丑以比得上另外的有利因素的率施加积极贡献到旋涡开发。在旋涡开发的变丑的效果自己与变丑有关不仅，而且取决于空气的当前的热力学、动态的结构潮湿的baroclinicity和垂直的风例如对流稳定性，砍(或水平涡度)。发生在20222012年7月期间的重降雨的格的诊断研究证明那变丑在它的整个生命周期期间在低旋涡的快速的发展阶段期间在垂直涡度的增加以后有最显著的效果。这个特征在对流稳定性趋于是零的空气主要由于近似的中立的层(大约700hPa)的存在。中立的层在旋涡发展阶段期间显著地在垂直涡度增加以后做变丑的效果，并且因此驱使垂直涡度增加。

简介：Manylow-ordermodelingstudiesindicatethattheremaybemultipleequilibriaintheatmosphereinducedbythermalandtopographicforcings.However,mostworkusesuncoupledatmosphericmodelandjustfocusesonthemultipleequilibriawithdistinctwaveamplitude,i.e.,thehigh-andlow-indexequilibria.Here,alow-ordercoupledland-atmospheremodelisusedtostudythemultipleequilibriawithbothdistinctwavephaseandwaveamplitude.Themodelcombinesatwo-layerquasi-geostrophicchannelmodelandanenergybalancemodel.Highlytruncatedspectralexpansionsareusedandtheresultsshowthattheremaybetwostableequilibriawithdistinctwavephaserelativetothetopography:one(theother)hasalowerlayerstreamfunctionthatisnearlyin(outof)phasewiththetopography,i.e.,thelowerlayerridges(troughs)areoverthemountains,calledridge-type(trough-type)equilibria.Thewavephaseofequilibriumstatedependsonthedirectionoflowerlayerzonalwindandhorizontalscaleofthetopography.Themultiplewavephaseequilibriaassociatedwithridge-andtrough-typesoriginatefromtheorographicinstabilityoftheHadleycirculation,whichisapitch-forkbifurcation.Comparedwiththeuncoupledmodel,theland-atmospherecoupledsystemproducesmorestableatmosphericflowandmoreridge-typeequilibriumstates,particularly,theseeffectsareprimarilyattributedtothelongwaveradiationfluxes.Theupperlayerstreamfunctionsofbothridge-andtrough-typeequilibriaarealsocharacterizedbyeitherahigh-orlow-indexflowpattern.However,themultiplewavephaseequilibriaassociatedwithridge-andtrough-typesaremoreprominentthanmultiplewaveamplitudeequilibriaassociatedwithhigh-andlow-indextypesinthisstudy.

简介：ＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＡｓｉａｎＲｅｇｉｏｎｉｎａＷａｒｍｅｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ￥Ｍ．Ｌａｌ（ＣｅｎｔｒｅｆｏｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＩｎｄｉａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＮｅｗＤｅｌｈ...

简介：一个人工的神经网络(ANN)被用来用鸣温度侧面的很多时间/军刀的手足为中间的空气建模。一个三层的前馈控制网络基于背繁殖(BP)被选算法。当温度是产量向量时，纬度，经度，和高度被选择为网络的输入向量。温度观察在从通过2007年3月16日，它在一样的卫星的1月13日的时期期间偏航，作为样品被拿训练ANN。结果建议网络为为温度的空间变化建模有高质量。在从流行实验NRLMSISE-00模型的ANN产量和那些之间的量的比较说明他们的通常一致的特征和一些特定的差别。NRLMSISE-00模型鈥檚带的吝啬的温度由锝太高？行星的波浪的stratopause附近的K-10K，和振幅和阶段第一号的活动在从在45鈥?上面的ANN模拟的一些方面是不同的0km，建议改进为更多的精确模拟在NRLMSISE-00模型被需要在附近并且在stratopause上面。关键词人工的神经网络-中间的空气-建模-背繁殖算法-NRLMSISE-00模型

简介：Inthestratifiedatmosphereinwhichthemomentnondivergentapproximationwasapplied,introducingthenonlineartermbecauseofthenonhomogcneousspatialdistributionofdensityandassumingthesolutiontobeoftheformofprogressivewave,weobtainatwo-ordernonlinearsystem.Bymeansofthissystem,allresultswhichwerederivedbyLiuetal.(1984)wereobtained.Moreover,itcanbeprovedthatthereexistedperiodicsolutioninthenonlinearsystemswhenthereexistedperiodicsolutionintheone-orderapproxima-tionsystem,andsomemathematicproblemsarisingfromseriesexpansionwereavoided.Inthispaper,aseriesofapproximatesolutionsofnonlinearsystemisalsodiscussed.

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简介：Yttriumaluminumgarnet(YAG)transparentceramicswerefabricatedbysinteringatoxygenatmosphere.Tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS)wasaddedasthesinteringadditivetocontrolthegraingrowthanddensification.Poreswereeliminatedclearlyattemperaturelowerthan1700oC,whilegrainsizewasaround3μm.Thein-linetransmittancewas80%at1064nmwhensamplesweresinteredat1710oC.TheeffectofTEOSwasstudiedinoxygenatmospheresinteringforNd:YAGtransparentceramics.Athighertemperaturelike1710oC,thegraingrowthmechanismwassolutedrag,whileat1630and1550oCthegraingrowthwascontrolledbyliquidphasesinteringmechanism.And0.5wt.%TEOSwasthebestaddingcontentforNd:YAGsinteredinoxygenatmosphere.

简介：在空气描述mesoscale旋涡的不安方程的稳定的分析答案被获得。由分析3D风领域，在为不稳定的层化的物理空间的3D螺线结构被发现。在象压力和涡度地的3D分发那样的许多方面，mesoscale螺线旋涡很类似于典型地真实的气旋。关键词螺线tructure-气旋-动态系统为教育部的博士车站在非线性的科学和资金上由州的关键研究工程支持了的3D，中国。

简介：Numericalsimulationsbasedonthefinite-difference-time-domain(FDTD)approximationtomulti-fluidequationsforpositiveions,negativeionsandelectronsareusedtostudyhighfrequencyelectromagneticwavepropagationandabsorptioninanunmagnetizedplasmalayer.Theinteractionbetweentheincidenthighfrequencywaveandtheplasmalayershowsthattheexistenceofnegativeionsandthenonlineareffectreducesthepowerabsorptioncapabilityoftheplasma.Parameterdependencesoftheeffectsarecalculatedanddiscussed.