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简介：Whentheearthquakecurred,thismanledonhisfellowvillagerstorescuethreechildrenfromthedebriswithoutgoinghometotakecareofhiswifeandhisownfallenhouse.Heiswellknownasa"full-time"PartySecretary,becauseinordertoliveuptothe

简介：Wehaveidentifiedseveralkeyeventsinthymocyteapoptosisoverthepastfewyears,includingarequiredroleforproteasomefunctionandtheproductionofROS.WhileweourdataestablishedthatproteasomefunctionandROSproductionarerequiredforapoptosisinthymocytes,wehadnotestablishedtheorderofeventsleadingfromtheprimaryapoptoticstimulustotheactivationofcaspases.Recently,wehavedemonstratedthatbothTcellreceptorinducedapoptosisandglucocorticoidinducedapoptosissignalthymocytestodiethroughactivationoftheproteasomeandthiseventisupstreamoftheproductionofROS.

简介：Therearefewpapersintheliteraturefocusingontheissueoftheoptimaldepletionofexhaustibleresourcesintheframeworkofvariabletimepreference.Thispaperattemptstoanalyzethepureconsumptionofexhaustibleresourceunderhyperbolictimepreference,andtodiscusstheoptimaldepletionrateandtheeffectoftheprotectionoftheexhaustibleresourceunderdifferentcommitmentabilities.Theresultsofmodelshowthatthecaseofthehyperbolicdiscountwiththefullcommitmentofthegovernmentisequivalenttothecaseofconstantdiscountofthesocialplannerproblem.Inthatcase,theoptimaldepletionrateandtheinitialconsumptionofexhaustibleresourcearetheslowest.Onthecontrary,theyarethehighestandthemyopicbehaviorsleadtoexcessiveconsumptionofexhaustibleresourcesinevitablywithoutcommitment.Otherwise,inthecaseofpartialcommitment,theresultsarebetweenthecasesoffullcommitmentandofnocommitment.Therefore,withthehyperbolictimepreference,theoptimaldepletionrateofresourcedependsonthecommitmentability.Highercommitmentabilityleadstolowereffectiverateoftimepreference,andconsequently,lowerdepletionrateandlowerinitialdepletionvalue.Theimprovementofcommitmentabilitycandecreasetheimpatienceandmyopiabehaviors,andcontributetotheprotectionoftheexhaustibleresources.

简介：能力获得和定价决定是一公司长期的战略决定。然而，多重产品的需求无常和substitutability引起困难解决能力和定价决定问题。在这份报纸，我们与需求无常和比赛探讨一个多重产品定价和多重资源能力获得问题。在要求前为每个资源和产品价格决定能力承诺的公司需要被认识到以便全部的利润被最大化。如果需求超过承诺的能力，额外的数量能从点市场被购买。费用被考虑的可变单位生产费用，能力获得和维护。我们首先分析一个单个公司基本问题并且在价格和能力上发现最佳的答案。基于单个公司模型，我们探讨越过产品并且越过公司价格比赛因素考虑的二产品的、二公司的能力承诺和定价问题。价格和能力承诺上的平衡的存在和唯一被证明，然后我们延长了结果到多重产品，多重公司大小写。

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简介：在这份报纸，当买主面对二供应来源时，最佳的政策被考虑：一个人是买主在一个特定的合同时期上从订的合同供应商(说，一年)以预先同意的价格，和其它是点市场。然而，当从合同供应商订时，买主必须完成预定全部的顺序数量，或所谓的明确的全部的顺序数量承诺，在整个合同时期上。换句话说，承诺固定买主固定价格但是强迫他/她在合同时期上的全部的顺序数量。尽管点市场以顺序数量给买主更多的灵活性，它的价格是不稳定的。合同和点获得的如此的联合经常在实践被观察。在合同时期以内，有多重亚时期，在买主考察库存的各个期间，发出一份单个订单，并且使用在手上库存遇见随机的需求。因此，在各个(订)时期，买主将在当前的已知的点价格之间称(由从点市场取得)并且更低的未来价格(由当消费留下的承诺时，等待)。一条最佳的双订政策为每个时期被描绘，取决于在手上库存水平，点价格，和留下的承诺数量。在每个时期的最佳的政策也被显示独立于合同价格。通过数字研究，库存费用被表明是(1)对合同价格感觉迟钝全部的承诺数量什么时候比总数低，在合同时期上期望需求并且(2)在点价格的可变性非增加。

简介：Thispaperpresentsanewapproachtosolvemixed-variableunitcommitment(UC)problemswithnon-smoothcostfunctionsbasedonageneralizedpatternsearchfilter(GPS-filter)algorithm.AGPS-filteralgorithmdoesnotrequireanyinformationaboutthegradientoftheobjectivefunctionwhilesearchingforanoptimumsolution.Atthesametime,itisavailableforsolvingmixed-variableoptimizationproblems,whichisverysuitableforUC.AnewsuitablediscreteneighborhoodstructurewithUCcharacteristicsisproposedtoimproveGPS-filterefficiently.Alotofmultipleunits'statesarefixedbeforesearch;hence,thepollingsearchofdiscretevariableisefficientforafewuncertainunits.Numericalexperimentsareincludedtodemonstratetheproposedapproach'sabilitytohandlethehighlynonlinear,discontinuous,non-smoothcostfunctionsandmixedvariablesoftheUCproblem.

简介：Globalmobilecommunicationisoneofthemostdynamicandimportantservicemarkets.Severalresearcherssuggestusingatheoreticalapproachtodevelopamuchdeeperinsightintokeymarketingconstructs,suchasservicequality,customerperceivedvalue,customersatisfaction,perceivedswitchingcosts,corporateimage,andcustomerloyalty,isvitaltothemobilecommunicationsmarket.Thispaperaimstoinvestigatetheroleofservicequality,trust,andperceivedvalueoncalculativecommitmentandloyaltyintentioninthecustomersofmobiletelephonenetworkserviceproviders(MTNSPs).Tonotifythemeaningfulfactorsforthecalculativecommitmentandloyaltyintentionoftheusersinusingmobilephones,thisstudyfocusesontheeffectofservicequalityandperceivedvalueinthetrustandidentifyingtheroleoftrustinformingcustomerloyalty.Asmanyas125usersofmobilephoneusers—housewifeweresurveyedinCoimbatore,TamilNadu,India.Thedataareanalyzedbypathanalysis.Thisstudyshowsthatservicequalityhasadirectandpositiveeffectontrust,trusthasadirectandpositiveeffectoncalculativecommitment,calculativecommitmenthasadirectandpositiveeffectonloyalty,anddirectandpositiverelationshipbetweenperceivedvalueandcalculativecommitment,perceivedvalue,andloyaltyarealsoconfirmed.Intermsofmobiletelecommunicationsystems,itisfoundthattheusersmayexhibitnoticeabledifferencesinusingthisservice.Thisstudyprovidesimportanthintstostrengthentherelationshipbetweenthenetworkserviceprovidersandtheircustomers.

简介：Thepaperstudieschannelchoicedecisionsinamulti-channelsupplychainunderastrategywherethereisanex-antecommitmentmadeontheretailpricemarkup.Themarketdemandisuncertainanddependentonthepriceandsalesefforts.Theresultsshowthatinanychannelstructure,whenmakingorderdecisionstheretaileronlyexaminesthepriceratioandthefluctuationsizeofrandomdemand,ratherthanthechannelcostandtheretailer’smarketingefficiency.Whentheretailpricerises,themanufactureriswillingtoincreaseinventoryquantityfordirectsales,becausethemanufacturer’sprofitmarginishigherindirectchannel.Theincreaseindemandfluctuationonlyaffectsthedegreeofchannelpreferencebutdoesn’tchangethemanufacturer’schannelchoice.Nomatterinwhichlevelthepriceratiois,whenthesalesefficiencyofretailchannelisnothighorthedemandproportionofdirectchannelislow,themanufacturerandtheretailerwillbebothapttochooseadual-channelstructure.Thenaddingadirectchannelbecomesamarketingstrategy,ratherthanacompetitoroftheretailchannel,andhelpsthesupplychainwinmoremarketdemand.

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简介：AbstractThe World Health Organization’s first roadmap and the London Declaration on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have allowed an unprecedented expansion of interventions to control and eliminate this group of infectious diseases that primarily affects vulnerable or marginalised communities. The 2021-2030 NTD roadmap sustains a further acceleration of interventions but also introduces a broader and more ambitious agenda, calling to be accompanied by a new political declaration. Sponsored by the Government of Rwanda, the Kigali Declaration on neglected tropical diseases will be launched in 2022 to renew and reinvigorate commitments to end NTDs, also in the wake of the current setback caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting on World NTD Day 2022, a global campaign "100% Committed" will call on a broad range of stakeholders to sign the declaration and make bold financial and political commitments towards achieving the 2030 roadmap and Sustainable Development Goals' targets for NTDs.

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简介：ToexploretheeffectofrhlL-15onCB-CD34^+stemcellscommittingtoNKcells,CD34^+stemcellswereobtainedfromcordblood(CB)bymagnetic-assistedcellsorting(MACS)method.CD3,CD16andCD56moleculesexpressedoncellsurfaceweredetectedbyflowcytometer.MTFmethodwasusedtotestthecytotoxicityofNKcells.Theresultswerethatstemcellfactor(SCF)alonehasnoeffectonCD34^+stemcells.IL-15stimulatedCD34^+stemcellscommittoNKcells,andSCFshowedstrongsynergisticeffectwithIL-15.ItwasconcludedthatIL-15andSCFplayeddifferentrolesduringNKcelldevelopment,llr15promotedCD34^+stemcellsdifferentiatetoNKcellprecursorandSCFimprovedtheeffectsofIL-15onNKcelldifferentiation.

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