简介：Objective:Cancercellradioresistanceisastumblingblockinradiationtherapy.TheactivityinthenuclearfactorkappaB(NFκB)pathwaycorrelateswithanti-apoptoticmechanismsandincreasedradioresistance.TheIKKcomplexplaysamajorroleinNFκBactivationuponnumeroussignals.Inthisstudy,weexaminedtheinteractionbetweenionizingradiation(IR)anddifferentmembersoftheIKK-NFκBpathway,aswellasupstreamactivators,RAF1,ERK,andAKT1.Methods:Theeffectof4GyofIRontheexpressionoftheRAF1-ERK-IKK-NFκBpathwaywasexaminedinA549andH1299lungcancercelllinesusingWesternblotanalysisandconfocalmicroscopy.WeexaminedchangesinradiationsensitivityusinggenesilencingorpharmacologicalinhibitorsofERKandIKKβ.Results:IKKα,IKKγ,andIκBαincreaseduponexposuretoIR,therebyaffectingnuclearlevelsofNFκB(phospho-p65).ERKinhibitionorsiRNA-mediateddown-regulationofRAF1suppressedthepost-irradiationsurvivaloftheexaminedlungcancercelllines.AsimilareffectwasdetectedonsurvivaluponsilencingIKKα/IKKγorinhibitingIKKβ.Conclusions:ExposureoflungcancercellstoIRresultsinNFκBactivationviaIKK.ThegeneticorpharmacologicalblockageoftheRAF1-ERK-IKK-NFκBpathwaysensitizescellstotherapeuticdosesofradiation.Therefore,theIKKpathwayisapromisingtargetfortherapeuticinterventionincombinationwithradiotherapy.

简介：精子发生是取决于雄激素受体(AR)的行动的一个调整雄激素的过程。精子生产可以在为阴囊的癌症(TC)对待的人被影响，并且识别影响预定精子发生恢复追随者癌症治疗的因素是重要的。CAG和GGN重复数字影响AR的活动，这被知道；因此，如果在AR基因的CAG和GGN多型性在TC治疗以后预言精子生产的恢复，这研究的目的是调查。TC病人(n=130)在下列时间点的交付的精液：postorchiectomy并且在6，12，24，36，和60月posttherapy(T0，T6，T12，T24，T36，和T60)。CAG长度被分成三个组，<22CAG，22-23CAG，23CAG，和GGN道并且>也被分成三个组，<23GGN，23GGN，并且>23GGN。在T12，有22-23CAG的人介绍了与一统计上显著地(P=0.045)与另外的CAG比那些降低精子集中数字(8.4pp65)，基因(US28和UL96)，和在毒蛇的一个队的RNA。毒蛇的六个证实的案例被检索，修理福尔马林的嵌入石蜡的材料的完整的厚度节为anti-HMCV-IE1和anti-HCMV-pp65被染色。染色被认为积极的原子或细胞质的任何东西。DNA从50被净化。234个病人是合格的，并且(11%)25有临床上重要的流血的至少一个事件。血小板计数是吗？？

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简介：Non-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC)ranksastheleadingcauseofcancer-relateddeathintheworld.Brainmetastasis(BM)isacommoncomplicationofNSCLC,with25%–40%ofpatientsdevelopingBMduringthecourseofthedisease.Asignificantstrategyoflocaldiseasecontrolinthecentralnervoussystemisradiationtherapy.Withthedevelopmentofprecisionmedicine,theconceptoftreatinglungcancerBMhasgraduallychanged.Inthiscase,weperformedasurgicalproceduretoobtainenoughtumortissueforthedetectionofthetargetgeneandotherrelatedexperimentsafterthepatientwasinformed.Finally,wefoundthatthepatienthadbothhepatocytegrowthfactorreceptor(MET)geneamplificationandkinesinlightchain1-anaplasticlymphomakinasefusion(KLC1-ALK)throughnext-generationsequencingandshowedsensitivitytothetargetedtherapyofcrizotinib.Thepatientexhibitedgoodresponse.Ourcasewassuccessfulandunderwenttargetedtherapywiththeguidanceofprecisediagnosis.

简介：Ovariancancer(OC)istheseventhmostcommonlydiagnosedcanceramongwomenintheworldandthetenthmostcommoninChina.EpithelialOCisthemostpredominantpathologicsubtype,withfivemajorhistotypesthatdifferinorigination,pathogenesis,molecularalterations,riskfactors,andprognosis.Geneticsusceptibilityismanifestedbyrareinheritedmutationswithhightomoderatepenetrance.Genome-wideassociationstudieshaveadditionallyidentified29commonsusceptibilityallelesforOC,including14subtype-specificalleles.Severalreproductiveandhormonalfactorsmaylowerrisk,includingparity,oralcontraceptiveuse,andlactation,whileotherssuchasolderageatmenopauseandhormonereplacementtherapyconferincreasedrisks.Theseassociationsdifferbyhistotype,especiallyformucinousOC,likelyreflectingdifferencesinetiology.EndometrioidandclearcellOCshareasimilar,uniquepatternofassociationswithincreasedrisksamongwomenwithendometriosisanddecreasedrisksassociatedwithtuballigation.OCrisksassociatedwithothergynecologicalconditionsandprocedures,suchashysterectomy,pelvicinflammatorydisease,andpolycysticovariansyndrome,arelessclear.Otherpossibleriskfactorsincludeenvironmentalandlifestylefactorssuchasasbestosandtalcpowderexposures,andcigarettesmoking.Theepidemiologyprovidescluesonetiology,primaryprevention,earlydetection,andpossiblyeventherapeuticstrategies.

简介：Treatmentofpancreaticcancerismultimodalandsurgeryisanessentialpart,mandatoryforcurativepotential.Alsochemotherapyisessential,andseriouspostoperativecomplicationsorrapiddiseaseprogressionmayprecludecompletionofmultimodaltreatment.Thesequenceoftreatmentinterventionshasthereforebecomeanimportantconcern,andnumerousongoingrandomizedcontrolledtrialscompareclinicaloutcomeafterupfrontsurgeryandneoadjuvanttreatmentwithsubsequentresection.Inpreviousyears,borderlineresectableandlocallyadvancedpancreaticcancerwasmostoftenconsideredunresectable.Moreeffectivechemotherapytogetherwiththelatestimprovementsinsurgicalexpertisehasresultedinextendedoperations,pushingthebordersofresectability.Multivisceralresectionswithorwithoutresectionofmajormesen-tericvesselsarenowperformedinnumerouspatients,resultinginbetteroutcome,recordedasoverallsurvivaland/orpatientreportedoutcome.Butpostoperativemorbidityincreasesconcurrently,andclinicalbenefitmustbecarefullyevaluatedagainstriskofpotentialharm,associatedwithnewcomprehensivemultimodaltreatmentsequences.Eventhoughcost/utilityanalysesaredeficient,extendedsurgeryhasresultedinsignifi-cantlylongerandbetterlifeformanypatientswithnoothertreatmentalternative.Improvedselectionofpatientstosurgeryand/orchemotherapywillinthenearfuturebepossible,basedonbettertumorbiologyinsight.Clinicallyavailablebiomarkersenablingpersonalizedtreatmentareforthcoming,buttheseoptionsarestilllimited.Theimportanceofsurgicalresectionforeachpatient’sprognosisispresentlyincreasing,justifyingsustainedexpansionofthesurgicaltreatmentmodality.

简介：Objective:Weretrospectivelyanalyzedtheclinicalprognosticvalueofthe8theditionoftheAmericanJointCommitteeonCancer(AJCC)stagingsystemforluminalAbreastcancer.Methods:Usingboththeanatomicandprognosticstaginginthe8theditionofAJCCcancerstagingsystem,werestagedpatientswithluminalAbreastcancertreatedattheBreastDiseaseCenter,PekingUniversityFirstHospitalfrom2008to2014.Follow-updataincluding5-yeardiseasefreesurvival(DFS),overallsurvival(OS)andotherclinic-pathologicaldatawerecollectedtoanalyzethedifferencesbetweenthetwostagingsubgroups.Results:Thisstudyincluded421patientswithluminalAbreastcancer(medianfollow-up,61months).The5-yearDFSandOSrateswere98.3%and99.3%,respectively.Significantdifferencesin5-yearDFSbutnotOSwereobservedbetweendifferentanatomicdiseasestages.Significantdifferenceswereobservedinboth5-yearDFSandOSbetweendifferentprognosticstages.Applicationoftheprognosticstagingsystemresultedinassignmentof175of421patients(41.6%)toadifferentgroupcomparedtotheiroriginalanatomicstages.Intotal,102of103patientswithanatomicstageIIAchangedtoprognosticstageIB,and24of52patientswithanatomicstageIIBchangedtoprognosticstageIB,while1changedtoprognosticstageIIIB.Twenty-twoof33patientswithanatomicstageIIIAweredown-stagedtoIIAwhenstagedbyprognosticstagingsystem,andtheother11patientsweredown-stagedtoIIB.TwopatientswithanatomicstageIIIBweredown-stagedtoIIIA.AmongsevenpatientswithanatomicstageIIICcancer,twoweredown-stagedtoIIIAandfourweredown-stagedtostageIIIB.Conclusions:The8theditionofAJCCprognosticstagingsystemisanimportantsupplementtothebreastcancerstagingsystem.Moreclinicaltrialsareneededtoproveitsabilitytoguideselectionofpropersystemictherapyandpredictprognosisofbreastcancer.

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简介：Ginkgolicacids(GAs),primarilyfoundintheleaves,nuts,andtestaofginkgobiloba,havebeenidentifiedwithsuspectedallergenic,genotoxicandcytotoxicproperties.However,littleinformationisavailableaboutGAstoxicityinkidneysandtheunderlyingmechanismhasnotbeenthoroughlyelucidatedsofar.InsteadofGAsextract,therenalcytotoxicityofGA(15:1),whichwasisolatedfromthetestaofGinkgobiloba,wasassessedinvitrobyusingMDCKcells.TheactionofGA(15:1)oncellviabilitywasevaluatedbytheMTTandneutralreduptakeassays.Comparedwiththecontrol,thecytotoxicityofGA(15:1)onMDCKcellsdisplayedatime-anddose-dependentmanner,suggestingthecellsmitochondriaandlysosomesweredamaged.ItwasconfirmedthatGA(15:1)resultedinthelossofcellsmitochondrialtrans-membranepotential(ΔΨm).Inpropidiumiodide(PI)staininganalysis,GA(15:1)inducedcellcyclearrestattheG0/G1andG2/Mphases,influencingontheDNAsynthesisandcellmitosis.CharacteristicsofnecroticcelldeathwereobservedinMDCKcellsattheexperimentalconditions,asaresultofDNAagarosegelelectrophoresisandmorphologicalobservationofMDCKcells.Inconclusion,thesefindingsmightprovideusefulinformationforabetterunderstandingoftheGA(15:1)inducedrenaltoxicity.

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简介：Littoral-cellangioma(LCA),aprimaryangiomawhichclinicallybelongstosplenichemangioma,canbemostlyfoundinnormalspleenredsinusshorecellsofreticuloendothelialcellsystem.ThecellsofLCAstronglyexpressendothelialandtissuecellassociatedantigensthatindicateadualdifferentiationcharacteristic;whereasonlyendothelialcellmarkersarepositiveinnormalspleenredsinusshorecells.DiagnosisofLCAreliesonhistopathology.Regularfollow-upisneededtomonitorrecurrenceandmetastasis.

简介：Axonaldegenerationisapivotalfeatureofmanyneurodegenerativeconditionsandsubstantiallyaccountsforneurologicalmorbidity.AwidelyusedexperimentalmodeltostudythemechanismsofaxonaldegenerationisWalleriandegeneration(WD),whichoccursafteracuteaxonalinjury.Intheperipheralnervoussystem(PNS),WDischaracterizedbyswiftdismantlingandclearanceofinjuredaxonswiththeirmyelinsheaths.Thisisaprerequisiteforsuccessfulaxonalregeneration.Inthecentralnervoussystem(CNS),WDismuchslower,whichsignificantlycontributestofailedaxonalregeneration.Althoughitiswell-documentedthatSchwanncells(SCs)haveacriticalroleintheregenerativepotentialofthePNS,todatewehaveonlyscarceknowledgeastohowSCs‘sense'axonalinjuryandimmediatelyrespondtoit.Inthisregard,itremainsunknownastowhetherSCsplaytheroleofapassivebystanderoranactivedirectorduringtheexecutionofthehighlyorchestrateddisintegrationprogramofaxons.Olderreports,togetherwithmorerecentstudies,suggestthatSCsmountdynamicinjuryresponsesminutesafteraxonalinjury,longbeforeaxonalbreakdownoccurs.TheswiftSCresponsetoaxonalinjurycouldplayeitherapro-degenerativerole,oralternativelyasupportiverole,totheintegrityofdistressedaxonsthathavenotyetcommittedtodegenerate.Indeed,supportingthelatterconcept,recentfindingsinachronicPNSneurodegenerationmodelindicatethatdeactivationofakeymoleculepromotingSCinjuryresponsesexacerbatesaxonalloss.Ifthisholdstrueinabroaderspectrumofconditions,itmayprovidethegroundsforthedevelopmentofnewglia-centrictherapeuticapproachestocounteractaxonalloss.

简介：Colorectalcancer(CRC)isasignificantcauseofmorbidityandmortalityworldwide.However,coloncancerincidenceandmortalityisdecliningoverthepastdecadeowingtoadoptionofeffectivescreeningprograms.Nevertheless,insomepartsoftheworld,CRCincidenceandmortalityremainontherise,likelyduetofactorsincluding'westernized'diet,lifestyle,andlackofhealth-careinfrastructureandresources.Participationandadherencetodifferentnationalscreeningprogramsremainobstacleslimitingtheachievementofscreeninggoals.Differentmodalitiesareavailablerangingfromstoolbasedteststoradiologyandendoscopywithvaryingsensitivityandspecificity.However,theavailabilityofthesetestsislimitedtoareaswithhigheconomicresources.Recently,FDAapprovedablood-basedtest(Epiprocolon?)forCRCscreening.Thisbloodbasedtestmayservetoincreasetheparticipationandadherencerates.Hence,leadingtoincreaseincoloncancerdetectionandprevention.ThisarticlewilldiscussvariousCRCscreeningtestswithaparticularfocusonthedataregardingthenewapprovedbloodtest.Finally,wewillproposeanalgorithmforasimplecost-effectiveCRCscreeningprogram.

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