简介：TheinfluencesofboththevolumeofPS/toluenesolutionintheUbbelohdeviscometerandtheprecisionofthetimemeasuringontheviscositybehaviorindiluteandextremelydiluteconcentrationregionareinvestigatedItwasfoundthattheinfluenceoftheformercanneglect,butthatofthelatterissoprominentthatthedatafluctuatebitterlyandlinearityofthecurveofthereducedviscosityvs.Concentration(ηsp/c～c)becomestoobadtoobeytheHugginsequationdowntotheextremelydiluteregion,despitetheerroroftheflowtimes△t≤0.2s,whichispermittedbytheconventionalmethodofviscositymeasurement.Throughstrictmathematicalanalyses,itwasfoundthatthcerror(E)ofthereducedviscosityisinproportionandinverseproportionto△tandconcentrationc,respectively.Sothelesstheconcentration,themoretheerroris.Consequently,alowestconcentrationlimitcLcorrespondingtogivenexperimentalerrormayexistanditwillbemeaninglessforfurtheroperationbelowcLbecauseofthegreatfluctuationofthedata.Therefore,itneedstoseriouslyreconsidertheapplicationoftheconventionalmethodofUbbelohdeviscositymeasurementintheextremelydilutepolymersolutionundertraditionalconditionsbecauseofthegreatinfluenceoftheexperimentalerror.

简介：Associationbehaviorofethylenevinylacetate（EVA）copolymerinfoursolvents1,2-dichloroethane（DCE）,cyclohexane（CYH）,xylene（XYL）andchloroform（CF）hasbeeninvestigatedbydilutesolutionviscometryThecriticalassociationconcen-tration（CA）wasdeterminedatwhichtheincipientdecreaseinslopeoftheηsp/C～Ccurveinsolutionsatthediluteregime.OurresultsshowedthatwhethertheCAcouldexistdependsonsolventproperty.ThevaluesofCAinDCEincreasewithincreasing,oftemperatureandvinylacetate（VA）contentinEVAanddecreasingofmolecularweightofEVA.

简介：Westudythetransitiontoturbulenceofchannelflowoffinite-sizeparticlesuspensionsatlowvolumefraction,i.e.,Φ≈0.001.ThecriticalReynoldsnumberabovewhichturbulenceissustainedreducestoRe≈1675,inthepresenceoffewparticles,independentlyoftheinitialcondition,avaluelowerthanthatofthecorrespondingsingle-phaseflow,i.e.,Re≈1775.Inthedilutesuspension,theinitialarrangementoftheparticlesisimportanttotriggerthetransitionatafixedReynoldsnumberandparticlevolumefraction.Asinsinglephaseflows,streamwiseelongateddisturbancesareinitiallyinducedintheflow.Ifparticlescaninduceobliquedisturbanceswithhighenoughenergywithinacertaintime,thestreaksbreakdown,flowexperiencesthetransitiontoturbulenceandtheparticletrajectoriesbecomechaotic.Otherwise,thestreaksdecayintimeandtheparticlesimmigratetowardsthechannelcoreinalaminarflow.

简介：Interactionsofthreeheavymetalions,Cu2+,Cd2+,andPb2+,and,forcomparison,Na+withelectrodialyticclayfractions(lessthan2μmindiameter)offourpaddysoilsaswellasayellow-brownsoilasacontrolsoilwereevaluatedbasedonmeasurementsoftheWieneffectindilutesuspensionswithaclayconcentrationof10gkg-1infournitratesolutionsof2×10-4/zmolL-1,wherezisthecationvalence,andanitricacidsolutionof3×10-5molL-1.Fieldstrengthsrangingfrom15to230kVcm-1wereappliedformeasuringtheelectricalconductivities(ECs)ofthesuspensions.Themeanfreebindingenergiesbetweenthevariouscationsandallofthesoilsdeterminedfromexchangeequilibriumincreasedintheorder:Na+Cu2+>Cd2+>Pb2+foralltestedsoils.AcharacteristicparameteroftheREC-fieldstrengthcurves,△REG200,REGatafieldstrengthof200kVcm-1minusthatatthelocalminimumoftheconcavesegmentoftheREC-fieldstrengthcurves,characterizedthestrengthofadsorptionofthecationsstrippedoffbytheappliedstrongelectricalfield,andforallsoilsthevaluesof△REC200weregenerallyintheorder:Na+

简介：Researchonnewtypesofcastables,pre-castassemblypartsandthermalinsulationmaterialswithgoodresistancetowear,thermalshockanderosion,andlowthermalconductivity,wasdonetosolveproblemsofhighsystemenergyconsumption,crackingandspallingofpartialliningandmismatchoffurnacetopmaterialandhangingmaterialandsoon,causedbyunreasonabledesignofChina'sAl(OH)3dilutephasefluidizedbedroastingfurnacelining.Severaldifficultproblemssuchasthematchingofdifferentmaterials,preservationofexpansionjointsamongdifferentzonesandreasonablemechanicaldistributionofliningweresolved.'Integratedfurnace'conceptwasestablishedincludingrefractoriesR&D,liningstructuredesign,constructionoptimization,furnacewarmingtechnology,initialoperationandliningmaintenancetechnology.Thekeytechnologiesofhigh-efficiencyandenergy-savingforfurnacesweredeveloped.TheseachievementshavebeenappliedtoChina'sAl(OH)3dilutephasefluidizedbedroastingfurnacestoreduceenergyconsumptionby1000MJpertonalumina,enhancethecapacityandreducetheexhaustgasemission.

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