简介：Ｗｕｙｉｓｈａｎ，ａｎＥｍｅｒｇｉｎｇＧｅｔａｗａｙ￥ＬＩＳＨＵＹＩＬｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔ，ＷｕｙｉｓｈａｎｈａｓｏｎｅｇｒｅａｔａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｆｏｒｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｈｏｗａｎｔｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｓｐｅｃｉａｌｓｌｉｃｅｏｊＣｈｉ...

简介：CentralBusinessDistrict(CBD),aconceptthatwasfirstproposedbyU.S.scholarsinthe1920s,referstoabusinesscenterthatfunctionsasacommercialtrading,finan-cialinformation,culturalcenter,exhibitionandofficeareaallrolledintoone:aplacethatisthecenterofbusiness,thedrivingpowerofurbaneconomicdevelopmentandthesoulofacity.

简介：Clinicalpracticeguidelines:ThechallengeofgradingClinicalpracticeguidelineshaveimprovedinqualityoverthepasttenyearsbyadheringtoafewbasicprinciples,suchasconductingthoroughsystematicreviewsofrelevantevidence,andgradingtherecommendationsandthequalityoftheunderlyingevidence．Thelargenumberofsystemsofmeasuringthequalityofevidenceandrecommendationsthathaveemergedare,however,confusing．Aninternationalgroupofguidelinedevelopers,systematicreviewers,andclinicalepidemiologists

简介：Biometricstechnologieshavebeenaroundforquitesometimeandmanyhavebeendeployedfordifferentapplicationsallaroundtheworld,rangingfromsmallcompanies’timeandattendancesystemstoaccesscontrolsystemsfornuclearfacilities.Biometricsofferareliablesolutionfortheestablishmentofthedistinctivenessofidentitybasedon"whoanindividualis",ratherthanwhatheorsheknowsorcarries.BiometricSystemsautomaticallyverifyaperson’sidentitybasedonhis/heranatomicalandbehavioralcharacteristics.Biometrictraitsrepresentastrongandundeviatinglinkbetweenapersonandhis/heridentity,thesetraitscannotbeeasilylostorforgottenorfaked,sincebiometricsystemsrequiretheusertobepresentatthetimeofauthentication.Somebiometricsystemsaremorereliablethanothers,yettheyareneithersecurenoraccurate,allbiometricshavetheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Althoughsomeofthesesystemshaveshownreliabilityandsolidarity,workstillhastobedonetoimprovethequalityofservicetheyprovide.Presentedistheavailablestandingbiometricsystemsshowingtheirstrengthsandweaknessesandalsoemergingtechnologieswhichmayhavegreatbenefitsforsecurityapplicationsinthenearfuture.

简介：Marketbasedinitiativesformanagementofdegradingecosystemsandtheirserviceshavereceivedtheaddedattentionasoneoftheinnovativeresponsesintherecentyears.Thoseinitiativessuchasdirectandindirectpaymentforecosystemserviceslikepremiumforrainforesthoney,paymentbythepeopleatthelowerreachtothoseattheupperreachforthewatershedservicesetc.havedrawntheattentionofthedecisionmakersastheyhaveprovedtobefarmorecosteffective.Thispapersynthesizesthekeymessagesfromsomeofthecelebratedbutwellestablishedmarketforecosystemservicesacrosstheworld.Theecosystemservicesconsideredinthepaperarecar-bon,watershedservicesandbiodiversity.Wefindthatwhilecrediblevaluationofecosystemservicesforallservicesremainacriticalconcernbehindsettingupthepaymentmechanism,absentofnecessaryinstitutionalframeworkmayseriouslyunderminethisinnovativeresponseformanagementofecosystems.Inthepaper,necessaryinstitution-almechanismsenablingthemarketforthoseserviceshavebeensketchedout.Keymessagesfromthosecaseshavebeensynthesized.

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简介：ChinaandIndiaarethetwomostpopulouscountriesintheworldandbothhavethefastestgrowingeconomies.TheimplicationsofthisrelationshipandthesignificantgeopoliticalimpactithashadonAsiaandthewiderworldhaveattractedwidespreadattention.

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简介：AbstractImmunotherapy has become the mainstay for lung cancer treatment, providing sustained therapeutic responses and improved prognosis compared with those obtained with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. It has the potential for anti-tumor treatment and killing tumor cells by activating human immunity and has moved the targets of anti-cancer therapy from malignant tumor cells to immune cell subsets. Two kinds of immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), are the main targets of current immunotherapy in lung cancer. Despite the successful outcomes achieved by immune checkpoint inhibitors, a small portion of lung cancer patients remain unresponsive to checkpoint immunotherapy or may ultimately become resistant to these agents as a result of the complex immune modulatory network in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is imperative to exploit novel immunotherapy targets to further expand the proportion of patients benefiting from immunotherapy. This review summarizes the molecular features, biological function, and clinical significance of several novel checkpoints that have important roles in lung cancer immune responses beyond the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 axes, including the markers of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory T lymphocyte pathways and inhibitory markers of macrophages and natural killer cells.

简介：Thispaperexaminestherelativestrengthoffactorsinpredictingtheonsetofafinancialcrisisintheemergingmarketduringthe1990s.Weestimateaprobitmodelbasedonthequarterlydataof18countries.Theresultssuggestthatthemis-managementintheeconomyandbankingsystem,theshiftsintheinternationalconditionsandthedepthofcontagioneffectsarestronglyassociatedwiththepresenceofcrises.Someoftheresultsaresomewhatdifferentfromtheotherempiricalstudiesbasedonannualdata.Acarefulanalysisoftheprobabilitydistributionsshowedthattheresultswereclosetobeingcorrectinover90%ofthecases.

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简介：AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and potentially life-threatening pancreatic inflammatory disease. Although it is usually self-limiting, up to 20% of patients will develop into severe AP. It may lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction, affecting the lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, etc. Surviving patients usually have sequelae of varying degrees, such as chronic hyperglycemia after AP (CHAP), pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and chronic pancreatitis. Lacking specific target treatments is the main reason for high mortality and morbidity, which means that more research on the pathogenesis of AP is needed. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered regulated cell death (RCD), originally described in cancer cells, involving the accumulation of iron and the depletion of plasma membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a caspase-independent RCD. It is closely related to neurological diseases, myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, cancer, etc. Research in the past years has also found the effects of ferroptosis in AP, pancreatic cancer, and AP complications, such as acute lung injury and acute kidney injury. This article reviews the research progress of ferroptosis and its association with the pathophysiological mechanisms of AP, trying to provide new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of AP, facilitating the development of better-targeted drugs.

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简介：AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs characterized by a covalently closed structure and involved in multiple biological processes. The main biological functions and properties of circRNAs can be defined by five features: a "sponging" effect on other RNA species, post-transcriptional regulation, rolling circle translation, generation of pseudogenes, and splicing interference. Although circRNAs were first detected decades ago, the role of circRNAs and the mechanisms underlying their actions remain incompletely characterized. Recently, circRNAs were reported to play indispensable roles in regulating metabolic and signal transduction events controlling the proliferation, migration, and survival of cells. Importantly, many studies demonstrated that dysregulated circRNA expression is associated with the development of multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in cancer and discuss their functions as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in different tumor types.

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简介：Watershedmanagementisanever-evolvingpracticeinvolvingthemanagementofland,water,biota,andotherresourcesinadefinedareaforecological,social,andeconomicpurposes.Inthispaper,weexplorethefollowingquestions:Howhaswatershedmanagementevolved?Whatnewtoolsareavailableandhowcantheybeintegratedintosustainablewatershedmanagement?Toaddressthesequestions,wediscusstheprocessofdevelopingintegratedwatershedmanagementstrategiesforsustainablemanagementthroughtheincorporationofadaptivemanagementtechniquesandtraditionalecologicalknowledge.Weaddressthenumerousbenefitsfromintegrationacrossdisciplinesandjurisdictionalboundaries,aswellastheincorporationoftechnologicaladvancements,suchasremotesensing,GIS,bigdata,andmulti-levelsocial-ecologicalsystemsanalysis,intowatershedmanagementstrategies.WeusethreecasestudiesfromChina,Europe,andCanadatoreviewthesuccessandfailureofintegratedwatershedmanagementinaddressingdifferentecological,social,andeconomicdilemmasingeographicallydiverselocations.Althoughprogresshasbeenmadeinwatershedmanagementstrategies,therearestillnumerousissuesimpedingsuccessfulmanagementoutcomes;manyofwhichcanberemediedthroughholisticmanagementapproaches,incorporationofcutting-edgescienceandtechnology,andcross-jurisdictionalcoordination.Weconcludebyhighlightingthatfuturewatershedmanagementwillneedtoaccountforclimatechangeimpactsbyemployingtechnologicaladvancementsandholistic,cross-disciplinaryapproachestoensurewatershedscontinuetoservetheirecological,social,andeconomicfunctions.Wepresentthreecasestudiesinthispaperasavaluableresourceforscientists,resourcemanagers,governmentagencies,andotherstakeholdersaimingtoimproveintegratedwatershedmanagementstrategiesandmoreefficientlyandsuccessfullyachieveecologicalandsocio-economicmanagementobjectives.

简介：DuringmyinterviewwithZholma,PartySecretaryoftheXigazePrefectureCommunicationsBureau,shetoldmethefollowinginterestingstory:Mymotheris85thisyear.Shehasthreechildrenwhoareallroadmaintenanceworkers.In1952,mothertookayoungersisterfromLhasatoNyingchi,whereshemetthePLAandjoinedaroadconstructionteam.TheroadwasbeingbuilttoLhasaandthentoXigaze.