简介:在这份报纸,square-integrableR3和R7上的珍视Octonion的功能空格被分解成奥克托尼恩·哈迪的直接的和并且结合强壮的空格,并且上面的一半上的square-integrableOctonion函数空格空格R+4并且R+8直接被分解成无穷第一个部件只是OctonionBergman空格的在subspaces的和。R3和R7上的奥克托尼恩·哈迪空格被描绘。
简介:Thetheoreticalframeworkofvisualsimulationinvirtualrealityisdiscussed.Thenewconceptofvisualimagespaceissupposed.Onthebasisofvisualimagespace,invisualperceptivesense,VRisconsideredasaspatialsimulation.Theobjectiveofthespatialsimulationistotransformphysicalspacetovisualimagespace.Last,theprototypesystem,surveying&mappingvirtualReality(SMVR),isdeveloped,andthespacesimulationaboveisrealized.ByuseofSMVR,thereal3Drepresentation,3Dvisualanalysis,virtualplananddesignscanbeimplemented.
简介:AbstractImportance:The diversity of pediatric genitourinary malignancies requires a timely resource detailing tumor characteristics and survival.Objective:To determine the incidence, demographics, and outcomes of all pediatric genitourinary tumors within the United States.Methods:A population-based search for patients diagnosed with genitourinary cancers under age 15 was performed using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registry. Information on primary tumor location, histologic type, patient age, sex, year of diagnosis, race, treatment, cause of death, and survival months was extracted. Descriptive epidemiological and survival statistics were calculated for all variables.Results:A total of 4576 cases from 1973 through 2015 were identified. The most common primary tumor sites were the kidney (80.3%), testis (12.3%), bladder (2.8%), and vagina (1.5%). Nephroblastoma (87.9%) and sarcoma (3.4%) were the most common renal malignancies. Rhabdomyosarcoma was common in the vagina, bladder, and testis at rates of 66.2%, 61.2%, and 24.6%, respectively. Germ cell tumors (71.0%) were the most common primary tumor of the testis. Ten-year overall survival (OS) for renal nephroblastoma and sarcoma was 88% and 82%, respectively. Ten-year OS for RMS of the testis was 91%, the bladder was 79%, the vagina was 79%, and the prostate was 56%. Germ cell tumor 10-year OS were 96% in the testis and 100% in the vagina.Interpretation:A better understanding of the overall distribution and outcomes associated with pediatric genitourinary cancers allows physicians to best understand the patient’s disease in the context of current frequency in a genitourinary setting and reported outcomes.
简介:背景:测试的HIV-1genotypic和phenotypic危险性(通用终端)优化antiretroviral选择,但是它幸存上的效果是未知的。客观:评估在通用终端和幸存之间的协会。设计:队学习。设定:10个美国HIV诊所。病人:为通过2005从1999看见的通用终端(血浆HIVRNA水平>1000copies/mL)合格的2699个感染HIV的病人。大小:人口统计的特征,临床的因素,通用终端使用,所有原因死亡,和为有幸存的通用终端的协会的粗略、调整的危险比率(HR)。结果:病人们被跟随为一3.3年中部;(34%)915有通用终端。把通用终端有的病人比那些降低死亡率(2.0对2.7死亡每100人年)。在标准考克斯模型,通用终端与改进幸存被联系(调整HR,0.69[95%CI,0.51~0.94];P=0.017)在为临床的后续的人口统计的特征,CD4+房间计数,HIVRNA水平,和紧张控制以后。在亚群分析,通用终端与改进幸存被联系因为2107高度活跃的antiretroviral治疗(HAART)经历了病人(2.2对3.2死亡每为有没有通用终端的通用终端对那些的病人的100人年;调整HR,0.60[CI,0.43~0.82];P=0.002)并且为921个三倍的antiretroviral班富有经验病人(2.1对3.1死亡每100人年;调整HR,0.61[CI0.40到0.93];P=0.022)。边缘的结构的模型支持了在通用终端之间的协会并且在全面的队改进了幸存(调整HR,0.54;P=0.001)并且在HAART富有经验的组(调整HR,0.56;P=0.003)。限制:通用终端的使用没被使随机化。剩余惊讶可以存在。结论:通用终端的使用独立地在HAART富有经验的病人之中与改进幸存被联系。
简介:Gastrointestinalstromaltumors(GISTs)occurmostfrequentlyinthestomach.DiagnosisofgastricGISTisnotalwaysclearbeforesurgery.Flexibleendoscopymaysuggestthenatureofthelesion(abulkytumorwithpreservedmucosa);however,biopsyisrarelydiagnostic.Therefore,diagnosticmedicationwithsafedrugsmayprovideafeasiblewayundersuchconditionsafteraninformedconsentisobtained.Basedontheexcellentefficacyofimatinibmesylate(IM)inthetreatmentofGIST,wesuccessfullyapplieditinthediagnosticmedicationoftwopatientswithclinicallysuspectedgastricstromaltumors.Inconclusion,thediagnosticmedicationwithIMcanbeanalternativeoptionforpatientswithsuspectedGISTthatcannotbeconfirmedpathologically.
简介:ObjectivesConventionalapproachesforremovaloflateralskullbasetumors,includingtransmandibular,infratemporalfossa,preauriculartranszygmaticsubtemporalapproaches,aremajorinvasiveproceduresthatoftensacrificehearingandcauseabnormalocclusionandcosmeticdefects.Reportsofthetranscervicalapproachforresectionofskullbasetumorsarerare,althoughitwasdescribedforresectionofclivalchordomasinasearlyas1966.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoreviewourexperiencesinmanagementoflateralskullbasetumorsusingthetranscervicalapproach.StudyDesignRetrospectivechartreview.MethodsSixlateralskullbasetumorcasestreatedwithtranscervicalapproachprocedureswerereviewed,includingthemedicalrecords.ResultsTherewere4malesand2females.Agerangedfrom12through52years.Histopathologicaldiagnosesincludedmalignantschwannoma(n=1),malignantcarotidbodytumor(n=1),heamangioma(n=1),schwannoma(n=2)andpleomorphicadenoma(n=1).Transcervicaltechniqueswereusedinallcaseswiththeuseofmicroscopeinthelateralskullbasearea.Completetumorremovalwasachievedinallcases.Postoperativeradiotherapywasimplementedin1caseofmalignantschwannomaand1caseofmalignantcarotidbodytumor.Jugularforamensyndromeoccurredasasurgicalcomplicationin1caseofmalignantSchwannomaofthevagusnerve.Therewasnotumorrecurrenceduringthe10-42monthfollow-upperiod.ConclusionComparedwithconventionalapproaches,thetranscervicalapproachprovidesaeasy,safe,minimalinvasiveandeffectiveprocedureforremovalofselectedlateralskullbasetumors.