简介：IntroductionWhatisthedifferencebetweeninstrumentalandintegrativemotivation?Whatkindofmotivationsdostudentshave?Howcanourknowledgeofmotivationhelpthelanguagelearningprocess?Motivationcanbeveryimportantinlanguageteaching.Studentscandoverywellwhentheyaremotivated.Teachers,withtheirknowledgeofmotivation,canmaketheirclassesmoreefficientandsuccessful.Middleschoolteachers,inadditiontolearningabouttheEnglishlanguageitself,andaboutteachingmethods,shouldalsolearnmoreaboutmotivationandhowthisaffectsourstudents."Whenweconsiderlanguageteaching,motivationcanbeclassifiedaseitherintegrativeorinstrumentalmotivation"(Luxon)

简介：ZhengMin(Maggie):Initiationofthediscus-siontopicDearMr.Ma,I’mverysorryforthislateinitia-tionofdiscussiontopics.JustcomefromonecountyofInnerMongolianearthecityofChiFeng.ThereisreallyalackofcompetentteachersofEnglishinruralareas,andinastonishmentIsawmanywhobarelyspeakEnglishteachesEnglishinmiddleschools.Asforthetopicofdiscussion,I’dliketofocusonlearn-er’smotivation,whichisavitalfactorinsuccessfullearning.Itiswellknownthatmotivationisclassi-fiedbyGardner&Lambert(1972)into"integrative"and"instrumental"ones.Othercategorizationin-

简介：1996). Students who have strong learning motivation take a correct and positive attitude towards study and make great efforts to master English with clear goal and desire and consequently gain better grade than those who haven’t acquired motivation and those students usually regard English learning as a heavy and boring burden. It is true that motivation is such a basic factor in language learning that no teacher could avoid being concerned with students’ motivation. So it is necessary to understand motivation more deeply,the learners have a desire in which is a drive to persist in English learning. It is true that two students sit next to each other in a class. They look alike and are similar in ability,motivation is very important to English learning.BodyⅠ. Theoretical rationale1. Definition of motivationA) In the term of psychologyB) In language learning2. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivationA) Definition of intrinsic motivationB) Definition of extrinsic motivationC) Relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation3. Personal factors in motivation A) Motivation and arousal B) Motivation and needs C) Motivation and beliefs D) Motivation and goals Ⅱ. Ways to motivate students in English learning1. Using various and interesting activities2. Involving new and effective techniques3. High expectation and using rewards appropriately4. Create a relaxed and positive learning climate 5. Cooperative activities6. Providing opportunities for students to experience successConclusion 

简介：teachers’ explanation of what students supposed to be learning and why they are learning it promote a sense of value and make students more clear and positive in learning English. Then teachers should present tasks with challenging in the principle of neither too easy nor too difficult that beyond the students’ capacity,motivation is fatal important and the ways to motivate students in English learning is more important to English learning. The ways the author mentioned above are relatively effective to motivate and sustain students in English learning. Sometimes,a relaxed and positive learning climate should be providing for students learning English. In a friendly atmosphere

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简介：Thecontinuousinvestmentintomanpowerresource,istheradicalpowertoassurethesustainabledevelopmentofenterprises.Theenterprisesbothathomeandabroadattachhighimportancetothecontinuouseducationoftheiremployeesandconsolidatetrainingtoinspiretheiremployees.Inordertofaceincreasinglydrasticglobalcompetition,thetelecomenterprisesinourcountryshouldconsolidatecontinuouseducation,maketrainingplanstoadapttothelong-termdevelopmentoftheenterprisesandestablishtheeffectivemechanismofencouragementofcontinuouseducation.

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简介：运动动机是竞技体育中一个至关重要的问题,过去这方面的研究虽然不少,但对运动动机的量化分析却少见。本文介绍了日本著名心理学家松田岩男的研究成果——运动动机测试表(即TSMI)以及笔者在这方面推广应用的结果。

简介：在过去几十年，在信息和CommunicationTechnologies(ICT)的革新在企业信息系统的复杂性导致了重要增加。这为企业建筑师，系统工程师，必须应付企业计划和进程(特别地自动化的工程进程)的复杂性的业务经理和另外的决定制造者导致了新挑战。以便更好管理这复杂性，企业规则组(BRG)向前放了企业动机模型(BMM)。原来的BMM使用一SWOT(力量，软弱，机会，和威胁)决定分析来临。然而，SWOTframework关于决策和ICT风险包含重要限制，妨碍企业建筑师，业务经理，工程师，和另外的决定制造者的决策能力。AHP(分析层次过程)和ANP(分析网络过程)在最广泛地使用的决策工具之中：他们通常实现一个好处-机会费用-改进企业决策的有效性的风险(BOCR)分析。一条新途径向前被放那代替原版死用功有基于ANP的BOCR分析的评价。也，原来的BMM在一个部件建筑学框架(CAF)被修改并且适用。