简介：Allorganisms,rangingfromsingle-celledorganismstohumans,demonstratecircadianrhythmsthatarenear24-hpatternsthatarepresentindependentofenvironmentalcues.Disruptionofthisprocess,calledcircadianmisalignment,isassociatedwithdeleterioushealthoutcomes.Themostextremeexampleofthismisalignmentisshiftwork,andthereisevidencesuggestingastrongassociationbetweenshiftworkandcertaincardiovascularoutcomes.Theoutcomesofmoststudiesincludeobesity,metabolicsyndrome,hypertension,type2diabetesmellitus,atrialfibrillation,andcardiovascularevents.Inthisarticlewereviewthecurrentliteraturewithanemphasisonwomen’scardiovascularhealth.Thedataareconflicting,andthereisapaucityofrobustevidencewithregardtowomen’scardiovascularhealthandcircadianmisalignment.Morestudiesareneededtobetterdelineatethesexdifferencesaswellasthepathophysiologyoftheassociationsbetweencircadianmisalignmentandcardiovasculardiseasessothatwecanprovidepatientswithmorepersonalizedcare.

简介：APeruviannative,Dr.VelardeearnedhermedicaldegreefromtheNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineinNewYorkandwentontocompleteherresidencytraininginInternalMedicineatColumbiaPresbyterianMedicalCenterandCardiovascularDiseasefellowshiptrainingatMountSinaiHospitalinNewYorkandBostonUniversity.Dr.GladysP.VelardeisAssociateProfessorofMedicine/CardiologyatTheUniversityofFlorida,JacksonvillewhereshedirectstheWomen’sCardiovascularHealthProgramandisDirectoroftheCardiovascularDiseaseFellowshiptrainingprogram.

简介：ObstructiveSleepApnea(OSA)isacommonchronicdisorderthataffects5–10%oftheUSpopulationwithahigherprevalenceinmencomparedtowomenby2:1inpopulationstudies.Bycontrast,inpatientswithcardiovasculardisease,itsprevalencecanexceed50%dependingonthespecificdisordersurveyed.Althoughsexdifferenceshavebeenwelldescribedforcardiovascularriskfactors;existingdataregardingtheimpactofsexontherelationshipbetweenOSAandcardiovascularoutcomesiscontroversial.Similarly,whilethereisstrongevidenceforincreasedprevalenceofcardiovascularconditions,suchassystemichypertension,atrialfibrillation,aswellasheartfailureamongstpatientssufferingfromOSA;conflictingevidenceexistsregardingtheincidenceandbidirectionalrelationshipbetweenthemaswellastheimpactoftreatmentofOSAoncardiovascularoutcomes.Inthispaper,wewillreviewtheassociationsbetweenOSAandcardiovasculardiseasesinwomen.Thedataonsexdifferencesislimited,duetoanumberofreasons,including,butnotlimitedtolatepresentationofOSAinwomen,difficultiesindiagnosingbothOSAandcardiovasculardiseasesinwomenandstillsuboptimalinclusionofadequatenumberofwomeninclinicaltrials.MorestudiesareneededtobetterdelineatesexdifferencesintheclinicalpresentationaswellasthepathophysiologyoftheassociationsbetweenOSAandcardiovasculardiseasessothatwecanprovidepatientswithmorepersonalizedcare.

简介：Depression/anxiety-relateddisordersandpsychosocialstresshavebeenimplicatedascardiovasculardisease(CVD)riskfactors.Womenareatconsiderableriskforaffectivedisordersandreportgreaterseverityfrompsychosocialstress,comparedtomen.Affectivedisordersandcardiovasculardiseaselikelyshareunderlyingpathophysiologicalmechanismsthatarepotentiatedamongwomen–especiallyyoungerwomen.Environmentalstressorsthatthreatenthesafety,security,andstatusofanindividualareappraisedbythebrain,producingacascadeofevokedphysiologicalandcognitiveresponses.Intheshortterm,theseprocessesovercomestressors,butcomewithlong-termhealthimplications.Chronicpsychosocialstressleadstoadysregulationofthestressresponsesystemsthatcanleadtoaheightenedstressappraisalschemacalledtheunpredictabilityschema,aconstructthatmightarguablyplacewomenatheightenedriskforCVD.

简介：Therehasbeenanappropriatefocus,sincetheturnofthe21stcentury,onsex-andgender-specificcardiovasculardisease(CVD)asincreasingevidencesuggeststhattherearesubstantialdifferencesintheriskfactorprofile,socialandenvironmentalfactors,clinicalpresentation,diagnosis,andtreatmentofischemicheartdiseaseinwomencomparedwithmen.Asaresultofincreasedawareness,detection,andtreatmentofischemicheartdiseaseinwomen,therehasbeensignificantreduction(greaterthan30%)incardiovascularmortality,andin2013,moreUSmenthanUSwomendiedofCVD.Nevertheless,continuedeffortsarerequiredasCVDremainstheleadingcauseofcardiovascularmorbidityanddeathofwomenintheWesternworld,andinwomenyoungerthan55yearstherehasbeenariseincardiovascularmortality.Inthisarticle,wereviewseveralofthecontributingfactorsthatcontinuetocausechallengesinaccurateriskpredictionandriskstratificationinwomen.

简介：Foghasrecentlybecomeafrequenthigh-impactweatherphenomenonalongthecoastalregionsofNorthChina.Accuratefogforecastingremainschallengingduetolimitedunderstandingofthepredictabilityandmechanismoffogformationassociatedwithsynoptic-scalecirculation.Onefrequentsynopticpatternoffogformationinthisareaisassociatedwithcoldfrontpassage(cold-frontsynopticpattern,CFSP).ThispaperexploredthepredictabilityofatypicalCFSPfogeventfromtheperspectiveofanalyzingkeycharacteristicsofsynoptic-scalecirculationdeterminingfogforecastingperformanceandthepossiblemechanism.TheeventwasensembleforecastedwiththeWeatherResearchandForecastingmodel.Twogroupsofensemblememberswithgoodandbadforecastingperformancewereselectedandcomposited.Resultsshowedthatthepredictabilityofthiscasewaslargelydeterminedbythesimulatedstrengthsofthecold-frontcirculation(i.e.,troughandridgeandtheassociatedsurfacehigh).Thebad-performingmemberstendedtohaveaweakerridgebehindastrongertrough,andassociatedhigherpressureoverlandandaweakersurfacehighoverthesea,leadingtoanadverseimpactonstrengthanddirectionofsteeringflowsthatinhibitwarmmoistadvectionandenhancecolddryadvectiontransportedtothefocusregion.Associatedwiththiscolddryadvection,adversesynopticconditionsofstratificationandmoistureforfogformationwereproduced,consequentlycausingfailureoffogforecastinginthefocusregion.Thisstudyhighlightstheimportanceofaccuratesynoptic-scaleinformationforimprovedCFSPfogforecasting,andenhancesunderstandingoffogpredictabilityfromperspectiveofsynoptic-scalecirculation.