简介：目的：探讨艾灸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变（DiabeticPeripheralNeuropathy，DPN）的周围神经保护机制。方法：以链脲佐菌素（Streptozotocin，STZ）腹腔注射诱导形成DPN模型，艾灸大鼠胰俞、足三里穴，每日1次，每穴15min，连续治疗56d。通过血糖、尿糖、体重、饮食量等的监测，结合神经电生理方法检测神经传导速度，评价艾灸对DPN的治疗效应；HE染色、光镜观察坐骨神经组织结构变化；酶联免疫吸附法检测坐骨神经NGF含量。结果：治疗后，艾灸组大鼠血糖水平明显低于模型组（P〈0．01）；艾灸组感觉神经传导速度明显快于模型组（P〈0．01）；艾灸纽病理形态改变较模型纽明显；艾灸组NGF含量也明显高于模型组（P〈0．01）结论：艾灸能有效改善DPN模型大鼠周围神经病变症状、体征。艾灸改善DPN模型大鼠周围神经症状的效应可能与提高NGF含量，促进周围神经保护有关。

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简介：目的：观察温针治疗糖尿病周围神经病患者的临床疗效及对胫神经和腓总神经传导速度的影响。方法：把52例符合纳入标准的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组26例．两组均在基础治疗上，治疗组采用温针疗法。每日1次，每星期治疗6次，共治疗4星期。对照组肌注弥可保（甲钴胺针）500μg，每日1次，共治疗4星期。检查并记录治疗前后两组患者临床症状及胫神经、腓总神经传导速度，并进行比较。结果：治疗4星期后，治疗组总有效率为88．5％，对照组为61．5％，两组，临床疗效比较治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05）；神经传导速度比较两组治疗后均优于治疗前，差异有统计学意5Z．（P〈0．05）；治疗后比较治疗组胫神经感觉神经传导速度及腓总神经运动传导速度均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：温针疗法治疗糖尿病周围神经病具有良好的临床疗效，且可以改善神经传导速度，是治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的有效方法之一。

简介：IntroductionHyperbilirubinemiaiscommoninthenewbornowingtotheirspecialmetabolismcharacteristics.Physiologicbilirubinlevelsareprotectivebecauseoftheirantioxidanteffects[1],whilepathologicaljaundiceisharmfultothehealthoftheneonate.Previously,mostpathologicalstudiesonthejaundiceofneonateshaveconcentrat-

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheauditoryfunctionofanindividualwithgeneticallyconfirmedhemochromatosis.Methods:A57yearoldmalewithmildlyimpairedsounddetectionthresholdsunderwentarangeofbehavioural,electroacousticandelectrophysiologicassessments.Theseincludedtherecordingofotoacousticemissionsandauditorybrainstemresponses,measurementofmonauraltemporalresolutionandevaluationofbinauralspeechprocessing.Findingsforthispatientweresubsequentlycomparedwiththoseof80healthycontrolswithsimilaraudiometricthresholds.Results:Thepatientshowedthethreecardinalfeaturesofauditoryneuropathy,presentingwithevidenceofnormalcochlearouterhaircellfunction,disruptedneuralactivityintheauditorynerve/brainstemandimpairedtemporalprocessing.Hisfunctionalhearingability(speechperception)wassignificantlyaffectedandsuggestedareducedcapacitytouselocalizationcuestosegregatesignalsinthepresenceofbackgroundnoise.Conclusion:Wepresentthefirstcaseofanindividualwithhemochromatosisandauditoryneuropathy.Thefindingsforthispatienthighlighttheneedforcarefulevaluationofauditoryfunctioninindividualswiththedisorder.

简介：Objectives:Auditoryneuropathy(AN)isasensorineuralhearingdisordercharacterizedbyabsentorabnormalauditorybrainstemresponses(ABRs)andnormalcochlearouterhaircellfunctionasmeasuredbyotoacousticemissions(OAEs).Manyriskfactorsarethoughttobeinvolvedinitsetiologyandpathophysiology.ThreeChinesepedigreeswithfamilialANarepresentedhereintodemonstrateinvolvementofgeneticfactorsinANetiology.Methods:Probandsoftheabove-mentionedpedigrees,whohadbeendiagnosedwithAN,wereevaluatedandfollowedupintheDepartmentofOtolaryngologyHeadandNeckSurgery,ChinaPLAGeneralHospital.Theirfamilymemberswerestudiedandthepedigreediagramswereestablished.Historyofillness,physicalexamination,puretoneaudiometry,acousticreflex,ABRsandtransientevokedanddistortion-productotoacousticemissions(TEOAEsandDPOAEs)wereobtainedfrommembersofthesefamilies.DPOAEchangesundertheinfluenceofcontralateralsoundstimuliwereobservedbypresentingasetofcontinuouswhitenoisetothenon-recordingeartoexamthefunctionofauditoryefferentsystem.Somesubjectsreceivedvestibularcalorictest,computedtomography(CT)scanofthetemporalboneandelectrocardiography(ECG)toexcludeotherpossibleneuropathydisorders.Results:Inmostaffectedsubjects,hearinglossofvariousdegreesandspeechdiscriminationdifficultiesstartedat10to16yearsofage.TheiraudiologicalevaluationshowedabsenceofacousticreflexandABRs.AsexpectedinAN,thesesubjectsexhibitednearnormalcochlearouterhaircellfunctionasshowninTEOAE&DPOAErecordings.Pure-toneaudiometryrevealedhearinglossrangingfrommildtosevereinthesepatients.Autosomalrecessiveinheritancepatternswereobservedinthethreefamilies.InPedigreeⅠandⅡ,twoaffectedbrotherswerefoundrespectively,whileinpedigreeⅢ,2sisterswereaffected.Allthepatientswereotherwisenormalwithoutevidenceofperipheralneuropathyatthetimeofth

简介：ObjectiveThemainpurposeofthepresentstudywastodescribethevestibularfunctioninpatientswithauditoryneuropathy(AN),andtoassesstheirabilitytomaintainbalance.MethodsVestibularfunctiontestswereperformedon32patientswithANand36normalsubjectsincludingelectronystagmopraphy(ENG)andstaticpostrography(SPG).Theresultsfromthetwogroupswerecompared.ResultsEquilibriumfunctioninpatientswithAN,wasabnormal,comparedtonormalsubjects.ConclusionVestibularfunctiontests,espe-ciallystaticpostrography,shouldbeperformedonpatientswithAN.

简介：<正>IntroductionDeafnessisoneofthemostcommonotologicdiseasesandamajordiseasethatgreatlyimpactstheChinesepopulation.FromtheSecondNationalSampleSurveyofDisabledPersons,itisestimatedthatthereare27,800,000hearingdisabledpersonsinChina,about2.14%of

简介：Auditoryneuropathy(AN)isahearingdisordercharacterizedbyabsenceofauditorybrainstemresponsesdespitepreservationofouterhaircellfunction,andhasattractedattentionsfromresearchersandaudiologistssincereportedbyStarretal[1].ClinicalmanifestationsinANpatientsincludeabnormalauditorybrainstemresponsesnormalotoacousticemissions,lackofacousticreflexeslargecochlearmicrophonics,speechperceptiondeteriora

简介：Whereasmuchhasbeenlearnedaboutage-relatedauditorychangesintheinnerear,relativelylittleisknownabouttheagingeffectsonthevestibularpartoftheinnerear-theperipheralvestibularsystem.Herewereviewrelevantliteraturewithregardtotheprevalenceofvestibulardysfunction,vestibularfunctionalandstructuralchangesintheelderly.Theprevalenceofvestibulardysfunctionincreaseswithage.Functionally,asageincreases,VEMPamplitudesdecrease,VEMPthresholdsincrease,VORgainofHITdecreases.Duetothecomplexityofthevestibularsystem,variationsinsubjectageandmeasurementtechniques,findingsinVEMPlatencyandcalorictestsareconflicting.Toaddressthis,adirectmeasureoftheperipheralvestibularsystemshouldbeapplied.Structurally,age-relatedlossinvestibularganglionandotoconiahavebeennoted;haircellchangesarenotwelldefined;whilesubcellularchangesremaintobeexplored.Defininghowtheonsetofvestibulardysfunctioncorrelateswithstructuraldegenerationwillofferinsightsintothemechanismsunderlyingvestibularaging.

简介：我们评估了与Toxocara眼的神经病临床上并且血清学地诊断的12个病人的13只眼睛。十一个病人有单方的参与，一个病人有双边的眼的神经病。八个病人(66.7%)让可能的感染采购原料到Toxocara。六个病人(50%)有无痛苦的尖锐眼的神经病。十只眼睛与peripapillary渗入有不对称的、裂的眼的圆盘浮肿，三只眼睛有弥漫的眼的圆盘浮肿。嗜曙红血球过多在五个病人(41.7%)被注意，眼的神经改进与可得到的轨道在十一只眼睛(72.7%)中的八个被观察磁性的回声成像(MRI)。吝啬的视觉尖酸显著地改进了后面的治疗[分辨率(logMAR)的最小的角度对数的平均数0.94

简介：ObjectiveToreportoutcomesofcochlearimplantation(CI)inachildwithauditoryneuropathyspectrumdisorder(ANSD)andtoprovidepreliminaryclinicalevidenceoftheefficacyofCIinANSDpatients.MethodsA4-year-oldboywithdiagnosedauditoryneuropathyspectrumdisorder(ANSD)receivedimplantationofaNucleusCI24Rafteranunsatisfactorytrialofamplification.Post-implantationperformanceinbothhearingsensitivityandspeechrecognitionwasassessedindifferentsessions.Aidedhearingthresholdsweretestedbybehavioralaudiometry.MandarinEarlySpeechPerceptionTest(MESP),MeaningfulAuditoryIntegrationScale(MAIS),categoryofauditoryperformance(CAP)andSpeechIntelligibilityRating(SIR)wereusedtoassessthebenefitsinauditoryskillsorspeechrecognitiontheboyobtainedfromCI.Thetestswereadministeredbeforesurgeryandat3monthsand7monthsafteropening.ResultsTheboydemonstratedimprovedauditorysensitivitybyusingCI.Concerningspeechrecognitionandcommunication,bothspeechaudiometryandquestionnairesshowedanobviousbenefitfromCI.ConclusionsCIhasworkedefficientlyinthisANSDboy.ButbecauseoflimitedunderstandingofANSDandrehabilitationeffectbycochlearimplantationinthiscondition,theclinicaldecisiontoimplantshouldbecautiousandonlyafterathoroughevaluation.Meanwhile,wellcontrolledandlongtermstudiesareneededtoconfirmtheefficacyofcochlearimplantationinpatientswithANSD.

简介：<正>Thefacialnervepassesthroughthetemporalboneandisthelongestnervethattravelsinabonycanalwithacomplexcourseandhighsusceptibilitytoinjury.Whenfacialnervebecomesswollenfrominsultssuchastrauma,inflammation,tumororiatrogenicinjury,itsdistal

简介：Objective:Toestablishananimalmodeloflike-auditoryneuropathyinneonatalrat.MethodsTheani-malswereinjectedwithphenylhydrazinehydrochlorideorsalineat7-dayofage.ABRandDPOAEwereperformedtoassesstheauditoryfunction.Thecochleabasilarmembranestretchedpreparationandcochlearfrozensectionswerepreparedforimmunohistochemicalstainingtoexaminethemorphologicalchangeofhaircellsandspiralganglioncells(SGNs).ResultsAt7-dayagetheABRwaveI,III,V,latenciesandI-III,I-VIWIsintheexperimentalgroupweresignificantlyprolongedcomparedwiththoseinthecontrolgroup.TheABRthresholdswerealsoelevatedintheexperimentalgroup.Wefoundthereisnosignificantdiffer-enceinDPOAEinphenylhydrazinehydrochlorideexposuregroupcomparetocontrolgroup.Thecochlearhaircellsshowednosignsoflossinbothgroup,butthetotalnumberofneurofilamentspositivecellsinSGNsweresignificantlyreducedinthephenylhydrazinetreatedanimals.ConclusionOurstudysuggeststhatphenylhydrazinehydrochloridecanchangetheauditoryfunctionandinduceperipheralnervepathologybytargetedmainlytheSGNsinneonatalrat.

简介：Recently,manyresearchesontherepairofperipheralnervebytheaidofnerveregenerationconduitmethodwerecarriedoutandgoodprogresseswereattained.Itwasbelievedthattheconduitshouldbemadefrombiodegradablebiomaterial.

简介：Theincreaseinneurotrophicfactorsaftercraniocerebralinjuryhasbeenshowntopromotefracturehealing.Moreover,neurotrophicfactorsplayakeyroleintheregenerationandrepairofperipheralnerve.However,whethercraniocerebralinjuryalterstherepairofperipheralnerveinjuriesremainspoorlyunderstood.Ratinjurymodelswereestablishedbytransectingtheleftsciaticnerveandusingafree-falldevicetoinducecraniocerebralinjury.Comparedwithsciaticnerveinjuryaloneafter6–12weeks,ratswithcombinedsciaticandcraniocerebralinjuriesshoweddecreasedsciaticfunctionalindex,increasedrecoveryofgastrocnemiusmusclewetweight,recoveryofsciaticnervegangliaandcorrespondingspinalcordsegmentneuronmorphologies,andincreasednumbersofhorseradishperoxidase-labeledcells.Theseresultsindicatethatcraniocerebralinjurypromotestherepairofperipheralnerveinjury.

简介：Growingevidencehasbeenfoundtosuggestthatearlydevelopmentofthecentralauditorysystemisdependentonacousticstimuli.Peripheraldamagecausedbynoiseexposureandototoxicdrugscaninducefunctionalandanatomicalchangesalongtheauditorypathways.Theinferiorcolliculus(IC)isauniquestructureintheauditorysystemlocatedbetweentheprimaryauditorynucleiofthebrainstemandthethala-mus.DamagetotheICinhibitorycircuitrymayaffectcentralauditoryprocessingandsoundperception.Here,wereviewsomeofthestrikingelectrophysiologicalchangesintheICthatoccurafternoiseexposureandototoxicdrugtreatment.AcommonoccurrencethatemergesintheICafterperipheraldamageishyper-excitabilityofsound-evokedresponse.ThehyperexcitabilityoftheICislikelyrelatedwithreducedinhibi-toryresponsethatrequiresnormalperipheralinputs.Earlyagehearinglosscanresultinalonglastingin-creasedsusceptibilitytoaudiogenicseizurewhichisrelatedtohyperactivityintheICevokedbyloudsounds.OurstudiessuggestthathearinglosscancauseincreasedICneuronresponsivenesswhichmayberelatedtotinnitus,hyperacusis,andaudiogenicseizure.

简介：目的：观察采用个体化方案治疗周围性面瘫的疗效。方法：治疗组121例患者根据其病情特点采用个体化方案进行针剌治疗，与118例常规针灸治疗者进行对照研究，比较其疗程与疗效的差异。结果：治疗组愈显率为90．9％，对照组愈显率为69．5％，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；两组各疗程愈显率比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：采用个体化方案治疗周围性面瘫效果明显优于常规针刺方法，且疗程短。

简介：AbstractTraumatic peripheral vascular injury is a significant cause of disability and death either in civilian environments or on the battlefield. Penetrating trauma and blunt trauma are the most common forms of vascular injuries. Besides, iatrogenic arterial injury (IAI) is another pattern of vascular trauma. The management of peripheral vascular injuries has been improved in different environments and wars. There are different types of vascular injuries, such as vasospasm, contusion, intimal flaps, intimal disruption or hematoma, external compression, laceration, transection and focal wall defects, etc. The main clinical manifestations of vascular injuries are shock following massive hemorrhage and limb necrosis due to tissue and organ ischemia. Ultrasound, computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are most valuable for assessment of peripheral vascular injuries. Angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing vascular trauma. Immediate hemorrhage control and rapid restoration of blood flow are the primary goals of vascular trauma treatment. There are many operative treatment methods for vascular injuries, such as vascular suture or ligation, vascular wall repair and vascular reconstruction with blood vessel prostheses or vascular grafts. Embolization, balloon dilation and covered stent implantation are the main endovascular techniques. Surgical operation is still the primary treatment for vascular injuries. Endovascular treatment is a promising alternative, proved to be safe and effective, and preferred selection for patients. In summary, rapid diagnosis and timely surgical intervention remain the mainstays of the treatment. However, many issues need to be resolved by further studies.

简介：Objective:Toseeknewmethodforthetreatmentofperipheralnerveinjury.Methods:Inratmodelwithsciaticnervedefect,chitosan-collagenfilmwassuturedintoconduittobridge5mm,10mmnervedefects.Ratsthatunderwentend-to-endanastomosisweretakenascontrols.Generalobservation,electrophysiologicalstudy,histologicalstudyandimageanalysiswereperformedat4,8,12weekspostoperatively.Results:In5mmnervedefects,thequalityofnerveregenerationwassimilartothatofthecontrolgroup.For10mmnervedefect,nerveregenerationwasinferiortothatofthecontrolgroup.Chitosan-collagenfilmobviouslydegradedat12weekspostoperatively.Conclusions:Chitosan-collagenfilmconduitcanbeusedtobridgeperipheralnervedefect.