简介：Chinashouldmakemoreeffectiveuseofitspovertyalleviationfunds,urgedarecentarticleintheChinaReformNews.TheimpoverishedpopulationinChinahasdecreasedfrom250millionin1978to42millionlastyear.Governmentrelieffundsplayedadecisiveroleintheimpressiveimprovement...

简介：InSeptember2003,wetwicevisitedKangmaMonasteryinChonggarVillage,GungtangTownship,DamxungCounty.Located135kmfromLhasaand16kmfromtheDamxungCountyseat,themonasterybelongedtotheGelugSectundertheadministrationoftheHardongkangcunoftheTantricSchooloftheSeraMonastery.

简介：在9月号中．我们谈了谈用于模拟全局光照的PRT技术，与之相对应的是处理微小细节的各种凹凸贴图（BumpMapping）技巧。

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简介：这篇论文首先介绍一个方法与高多角形计数改进交流通过在一个以内的基于图象的表示的“混合”的使用的虚拟目标反对。也就是说，多角形的3D和基于图象的代表为一个目标被维持，并且为使变为取决于目标的功能要求切换。而且，减少突然发生的无异状在目标表示开关期间完成并且提供光滑、渐渐的转变，目标与可能不同地代表的细分的部分被细分，即，用3D模型或图象。至于基于图象的表示，消除质地(RT)方法被使用。通过混合表示的使用，特别地，称为TangibleScreen的一个新方法被建议由把基于图象的表示与联系提供目标可触知一物理支撑(投射RT)以一个选择、灵活的方法。总的来说，建议方法提供一个方法在大规模虚拟环境与选择感性的细节维持交互框架率，当允许用户以一个有形的方法与虚拟目标交往时。

简介：Inthispaper,anewtypeofresonantBrewsterfilters(RBF)withsurfacereliefstructureforthemultiplechannelsisfirstpresentedbyusingtherigorouscoupled-waveanalysisandtheS-matrixmethod.Bytuningthedepthofhomogeneouslayerwhichisunderthesurfacereliefstructure,themultiplechannelsphenomenonisobtained.Longrange,extremelylowsidebandsandmultiplechannelsarefoundwhentheRBFwithsurfacereliefstructureisilluminatedwithTransverseMagneticincidentpolarizationlightneartheBrewsteranglecalculatedwiththeeffectivemediatheoryofsubwavelengthgrating.Moreover,thewavelengthsofRBFwithsurfacereliefstructurecanbeeasilyshiftedbychangingthedepthofhomogeneouslayerwhileitsopticalpropertiessuchaslowsidebandreflectionandnarrowbandarenotspoiledwhenthedepthischanged.Furthermore,thevariationofthegratingthicknessdoesnoteffectivelychangetheresonantwavelengthofRBF,buthavearemarkableeffectonitslinewidth,whichisveryusefulfordesigningsuchfilterswithdifferentlinewidthsatdesiredwavelength.

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Malaysian disaster relief volunteers have a long and proud history of participating in relief missions within and outside the country. Despite of a plethora of researches into the various areas of disaster relief, there has been a little scholarly activity looking into the experiences of the medical volunteers worldwide and even less research on the experiences of the relief volunteers in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the effect of disaster relief works on volunteers in Malaysia.Methods:This is a non-experimental cross-sectional design study, which was conducted using survey questionnaire to examine the incidence of burnout, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the quality of life (QOL) among the disaster relief volunteers. And the study also examined the sociodemographic variables of the participants. In addition, the association between the sociodemographic variable and the preferred coping strategies was also investigated through self-reporting checklist.Results:The findings of this study revealed that 90.9% volunteers (n = 312) experienced some levels of recurring stress throughout their lives, which led to burnout. Also, 96.8% (n = 332) of the participants were categorized as having at least some symptoms of PTSD. However, self-reporting QOL measurements indicated that the participants are, in general, satisfied with their lives. Significant associations between the incidence of burnout, incidence of PTSD and QOL were identified. Both positive coping measures and behavioral or avoidant coping measures were also identified. Furthermore, a number of sociodemographic factors were also seen to interact significantly with burnout, PTSD and QOL.Conclusion:This study provides some insights into the psychological challenges of disaster relief volunteers in Malaysia, and this impact can last a long time after the volunteers return to their hometowns. Several recommendations including practice development, policy and research were discussed in the study.

简介：Automaticgeneralizationofgeographicinformationisthecoreofmulti-scalerepresentationofspatialdata,butthescale-dependentgeneralizationmethodsarefarfromabundantbecauseofitsextremecomplicacy.Thispaperputsforwardanewconsistencymodelaboutscale-dependentrepresentationsofreliefbasedonwaveletanalysis,anddiscussesthethresholdsinthemodelsoastoacquirethecontinualrepresentationsofreliefwithdifferentdetailsbetweenscales.Themodelnotonlymeetstheneedofautomaticgeneralizationbutalsoisscale-dependentcompletely.Somepracticalexamplesaregiven.

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简介：Thearticlepresentsanexplicitlystraightforwardformulationofthestationaryanddynamicbehaviourofapressurereliefvalve(PRV).Thisincludesananalyticalsolutionforthestaticp-Q-characteristic,thestepandharmonicresponseandastabilitycriterionusingelementaryoperationsonly.Italsomathematicallyprovestheintrinsicconnectionbetweenthegradientofthestaticp-Q-characteristicandthestability.Thus,thenewmethodoffersfourmainadvantages.

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简介：<正>Thestudytourgroup,organizedbytheprojectteamofForestryandSocietyNetwork(FSN)oftheInstituteofScientificandTechnologicInformation,ChineseAcademyofForestrypaidavisittoSino-Nether-landsPovertyReliefCommunityForestryProject(theProject)inHeshanCountyofAnhuiProvinceon18-21July,2001.Thegroupconsistedof23members,includingDirectorofMountainousAreaDevelopmentOffice(MADO)ofPlanningDepartment,StateForestryAdministration(SFA),ChiefofIntegratedDivisionoftheDepartmentofScienceandTechnology,SFA,officialsfromforestrydepartmentsofHebei,ZhejiangandGuizhouProvinces,professorsofforestry

简介：Watershedsegmentationissuitableforproducingclosedregioncontourandprovidinganaccuratelocalizationofobjectboundary.However,itisusuallypronetoover-segmentationduetothenoiseandirregulardetailswithintheimage.Forthepurposeofreducingover-segmentationwhilepreservingthelocationofobjectcontours,thewatershedsegmentationbasedonmorphologicalgradientreliefmodificationusingvariantstructuringelement(SE)isproposed.Firstly,morphologicalgradientreliefisdecomposedintomulti-levelaccordingtothegradientvalues.Secondly,morphologicalclosingactionusingvariantSEisemployedtoeachlevelimage,wherethelowgradientlevelsetsusethelargeSE,whilethehighgradientlevelsetsusethesmallone.Finally,themodifiedgradientimageisrecomposedbythesuperpositionoftheclosedlevelsets,andwatershedtransformtothemodifiedgradientimageisdonetoimplementthefinalsegmentation.Experimentalresultsshowthatthismethodcaneffectivelyreducetheover-segmentationandpreservethelocationoftheobjectcontours.

简介：TheobjectiveofthisstudyistoexploreapotentiallyeffectivetrainingmethodforthehospitalprofessionalstoeducatedrugusersandtoenhancetheirknowledgeofHIVinfection.Onehundredandsixtyonesubjects,whocamefrom13differentprovincesandwereadmittedinadrugreliefhospitalinBeijing,wererecruitedforthisstudy.Theaverageageofthesesubjectswas35.21±6.24yearold.Theaveragenumbersofyearsfordrugaddictionwere7years,andtheaveragenumbersofdrugrelieftreatmentreceivedinthepastwas5.5times.ThelevelofAIDSknowledgeofthesesubjects,includingpathogenicfactors,sourceofinfection,routeoftransmissionandpreventivemeasures,wereevaluatedbeforeandafterreceivingtheAIDSeducationaltrainingtothesedrugusers.Ourresultsshowedthattherewasastatisticallysignificantincrease(P＜0.01)intheknowledgeofHIVinfectionandpreventionamongthesesubjects.PositiveattitudeandbehavioraltendenciestowardHIVpreventionwerealsoimproved.Therefore,itisimperativeforthemedicalprofessionalstoincorporateAIDSeducationintodrugrelieftreatmenttoachievethemaximumeffectontheknowledgeofAIDSandimprovementofpositiveattitudesandbehaviorstowardHIVpreventionamongdrugusers.

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简介：Chirped-pitchnanoscalecircularsurface-reliefdiffractiongratingswerephotoinscribedonthinfilmsofaDisperseRed1functionalizedmaterialusingaholographictechnique.Atruncatedconicalmirrorsplitsandredirectsaconvergingordiverginglaserbeam,resultinginaninterferencepatternofconcentriccircleswithachirpedpitchthatcanbecontrolledbyvaryingthewavefrontcurvature.Theresultingcirculargratingshaveadiameterof12mmandhavetheadvantageofbeingproducedinafast,single-stepprocedurewithnorequirementforamastergrating,photomask,ormillingequipment.