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简介：统计方法通常被用来评估自然人口和环境变量，然而，这些必须在在一个演变世界上适当的人口特性认出时间的趋势。这里介绍的新方程定义历史的人口在人口工具和标准差由线性变化影响了的总数的统计措施。这些能被用来提取今日的人口的统计特性，需要定义现代可变性和风险，从历史的数据的表格，那被当条件是不同的时，做的大小统治。作为一个例子，象变化和在里面隧道结构正在引起的气候那样的许多因素充满层次升起，因此未来洪水层次的现实主义的评价必须考虑如此的世俗的变化。新方程在比习惯性地假定人口stationarity的正式计算高是0.5～2m的USA中西部为100年的洪水提供水层次的估计。这些方程也证明洪水层次将继续每年由几厘米升起。这率比海水平的上升快将近十倍，并且因此代表被柔韧的数据记录的变化的最快、很损坏的率之一。

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简介：Theinterdisciplinaryfieldrespondstotheneedtobetterof"MedicalGeology"understandtherelationshipsbetweenhumanhealthandoursurroundingenvironment.Theinfluenceofearthresources,naturalenvironmentalfactorsandland-useonhumanhealthhaslongbeenrecognized,datingbacktoancientRomeandPeru'sIncacivilization.Todaylinksbetweenthenaturalenvironmentandhealthcanbefoundthroughouttheworld.Thisreviewintroducesthehistoricalcontextofthisparticulartypeofresearch,contraststhedirectgeologicalandindirectnaturalhazardinfluencesonhealthasaframeworkofstudy,elaboratesonpathwaysofelementalaccumulationinthebodyandprovidesexamplesofspecificgeochemicalbehavioursanddiseasesthatareoftenassociatedwitheithertoomuchornotenoughofcertainelementswhichcomprisetheEarth.

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简介：Novelmetaphorisdifferentfromtheconventionalmetaphor.Thedistinctionbetweennovelmetaphorandconventionalmetaphorisnotclear-cutbutinadegreeofmetaphoricity.Inthesituation,whennovelmetaphorsarewidelyacceptedandgenerallyusedindailylife,theirmetaphoricalmeaningareneglectedbypeople,themetaphoricalcharactersdecreaseandtheybecomeconventionalmetaphors.ThetentativemodelBlendingRelevanceTheory(BRT)isanintegratedframeworkofthetwotheories:ConceptualBlendingTheory(CBT)andRelevanceTheory(RT),seekingtheoptimalrelevancefromthetwoinputspaces.

简介：<正>OtosclerosiswasfirstdiscoveredbyValsalvain1704[1],andthetermwasfirstusedbyAntonvonTroltschin1872todifferentiatefromtympanosclerosis[2].Normallytheoticcystinhumanremainsstationaryafterfulldevelopmentandcontainsnovisibleactivatedosteoblastsor

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简介：Introduction,Anomalouscoronaryarteriesarefoundin0.1%–1.3%ofpatientsundergoingcoronaryangiography.AnomalouscoronaryarteriesareararebutimportantcauseofCP,arrhythmia,MI&suddencardiacdeath;andaretreatable.Angiographicevaluationcanbechallenging;misdiagnosiscanoccurinupto50%ofcases.Sometimestheseanomaliesaremissedbecauseoftheinexperienceoftheoperator.AnomalousCoronaryArteriescanbeassociatedwithcongenitalheartdiseaseorcanbeanisolatedanomaly.

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简介：NewChapteropensinthehistoryofSouthAfrica,anationbornanewwiththeburialoftheapartheidandtheeventualdemiseofthewhiteminorityracistregime.Overthirtymillionoppressedblacksfinallywontheirfreedomtobecomemastersofanewnationborninthefirsteverall-raceelectionheldlastApril.TheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC),withyearsofanti-apartheidrecord,won252seatsintheelectiontothe400-seatNationalAssemblytocomeoutasthelargestpartyofthecountry,followedbytheoriginalrulingNationalParty(NP)with82seats,theInkathaFreedomParty(IFP)with43seatsandotherswith23seats.ANCPresident,world-famousblackleaderNelsonMandela,waselectedasthefirstblackStatePresidentandtheorganization’sNationalChairmanThaboMbekiasFirstDeputyPresident.F.W.deKlerk,formerStatePresidentandleaderoftheNationalPartyremainedinthenewgovernmentastheSecondDeputyPresident.AnANC-ledgovernmentofnationalunitywasinauguratedandsworninonMay10.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by complex and various clinical manifestations. The study aimed to analyze clinical features and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes of hyperintense white matter (WM) lesions in SLE patients.Methods:This was a retrospective study based on a consecutive cohort of 1191 SLE patients; 273 patients for whom cerebral MRI data were available were enrolled to assess hyperintense WM lesions associated with SLE. Patients were assigned to two groups, ie, with or without hyperintense WM lesions. The MRI assessment showed that the hyperintense WM lesions could be classified into three categories: type A, periventricular hyperintense WM lesions; type B, subcortical hyperintense WM lesions; and type C, multiple discrete hyperintense WM lesions. The clinical and MRI characteristics were analyzed. Factors related to hyperintense WM lesions were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:Among the 273 SLE patients with available cerebral MRI scans, 35.9% (98/273) had hyperintense WM lesions associated with SLE. The proportions of types A, B, and C were 54.1% (53/98), 11.2% (11/98), and 92.9% (91/98), respectively. Fifty-one percents of the patients showed an overlap of two or three types. Type C was the most common subgroup to be combined with other types. Compared with those without hyperintense WM lesions, the patients with hyperintense WM lesions were associated with neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), lupus nephritis (LN), hypertension, and hyperuricemia (P = 0.002, P = 0.018, P = 0.045, and P = 0.036, respectively). Significantly higher rates of polyserous effusions and cardiac involvement were found in the patients with hyperintense WM lesions (P = 0.029 and P = 0.027, respectively), and these patients were more likely to present with disease damage (P < 0.001). In addition, the patients with hyperintense WM lesions exhibited a higher frequency of proteinuria (P = 0.009) and higher levels of CD8+ T cells (P = 0.005). In the multivariate logistic analysis, hyperuricemia and higher CD8+ T cells percentages were significantly correlated with hyperintense WM lesions in SLE patients (P= 0.019; OR 2.129, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.313-4.006 and P < 0.001; OR 1.056, 95% CI 1.023-1.098, respectively).Conclusions:Hyperintense WM lesions are common in SLE patients and significantly associated with systemic involvement, including NPSLE, LN, polyserous effusions, cardiac involvement, and disease damage. Hyperuricemia and a higher number of CD8+ T cells were independent factors associated with hyperintense WM lesions in SLE.

简介：ThepaperintroducesrelevancetheoryandexplorestheapplicationofrelevancetheorytoCET-4listeningcomprehensionteaching,especiallytheteachingofCET-4listeningcomprehensioninthefirstsectionwhosetestformatismultiplechoicequestion,simplifiedasMCQ.

简介：Depression/anxietyiscommonlypresentinpacedpatientsandisassociatedwithincreasedcardiovascularmorbidityandmortality.Thehighprevalenceofdepression/anxietyinpacedpatientssupportsastrategyofincreasedawarenessandtreatmentfordepression/anxietyinpacedpatients.Health-relatedqualityoflife(HRQoL)isbeingincreasinglyconsideredasanexpectedout-comeoftherapeuticinterventionsandrehabilitationprogramsinclinicalcardiologyincludingpatientsbeforeandafterpacemaker(PM)implantation.Thismultispecialtyconsensusdocumentreviewstheevidencelinkingdepression/anxietywitharrhythmiaandcardiacpacing;HRQoLandcardiacpacing,atthesametime,providesrecommendationsforhealthcareprovidersforthetreatmentofdepression/anxiety.

简介：Transforminggrowthfactor-β(TGF-β)isakeyfactorincancerdevelopmentandprogression.TGF-βcansuppresstumorigenesisbyinhibitingcellcycleprogressionandstimulatingapoptosisinearlystagesofcancerprogression.However,TGF-βcanmodulatecancer-relatedprocesses,suchascellinvasion,distantmetastasis,andmicroenvironmentmodificationthatmaybeusedbycancercellstotheiradvantageinlatestages.Correspondingmechanismsincludeangiogenesispromotion,anti-tumorimmunitysuppression,andepithelial-to-mesenchymaltransition(EMT)induction.ThecorrelationbetweenTGF-βexpressionandcancerprognosishasalsobeenextensivelyinvestigated.ResultssuggestthatTGF-βpathwaycanbetargetedtotreatcancer;assuch,thefeasibilityofthistreatmentisinvestigatedinclinicaltrials.