简介：在2005的四个landfalling台风盒子与全球/地区性的吸收和预言系统(葡萄)模型为数字模拟研究被选择。包括台风轨道的预言，模型的表演的初步的评价结果乍见陆地预定，地点和紧张，等等，被介绍，错误的来源被分析。由模型的台风中心的24小时的距离预报错误被显示是大约131km，当48小时的错误是252km时。模型是相对在预报更熟练乍见陆地时间和地点比那些紧张在乍见陆地。平均，24小时的预报比48小时的稍微好。数据影响的分析显示异乎寻常的观察数据的吸收为模型模拟的改进是必要的。模型能被增加模型分辨率模仿mesoscale和好规模系统并且由改进地面精炼处理的方法也改进。

简介：Thispaperpresentsakinematicanalysisofthelocomotionofagecko,andexperimentalverificationofthekinematicmodel.Kinematicanalysisisimportantforparameterdesign,dynamicanalysis,andoptimizationinbiomimeticrobotresearch.Theproposedkinematicanalysiscansimulate,withoutiteration,thelocomotionofgeckosatisfyingtheconstraintconditionsthatmaintainthepositionofthecontactedfeetonthesurface.Sothemethodhasanadvantageforanalyzingtheclimbingmotionofthequadrupedmechanisminarealtimeapplication.Thekinematicmodelofageckoconsistsoffourlegsbasedon7-degreesoffreedomspherical-revolute-sphericaljointsandtworevolutejointsinthewaist.Themotionofthekinematicmodelissimulatedbasedonmeasurementdataofeachjoint.Themotionofthekinematicmodelsimulatestheinvestigatedrealgecko’smotionbyusingtheexperimentalresults.Theanalysissolvestheforwardkinematicsbyconsideringthemodelasacombinationofclosedandopenserialmechanismsundertheconditionthatmaintainsthecontactpositionsoftheattachedfeetontheground.Themotionsofeachjointarevalidatedbycomparingwiththeexperimentalresults.Inadditiontothemeasuredgait,threeothergaitsaresimulatedbasedonthekinematicmodel.Themaximumstridesofeachgaitarecalculatedbyworkspaceanalysis.Theresultcanbeusedinbiomimeticrobotdesignandmotionplanning.

简介：包括热扩大的痊愈动力学，痊愈收缩，和系数的Prepreg性质被分析。一个模拟方法基于元素出生和有限元素分析(FEA)的死亡方法被介绍模仿切的过程并且预言用机器制造的变丑为合成把压成薄片并且使硬的面板。在模拟结果和试验性的数据之间的比较显示出好同意。剩余压力是为composites用机器制造变丑的主要来源，仅当沿着用机器制造的方向有压力坡度，用机器制造变丑被期望发生，这被发现。为没有用机器制造的变丑合成在飞机由于它的一致压力分发把压成薄片，当用机器制造时，变丑能为T形状显然被观察使硬的合成面板。注意应该对用机器制造变丑在汇编期间避免失配被给予。

简介：Verificationandvalidationareobjectiveandsubjectivemeasurementsofhearingaidfunction.Manystudieshaveprovidedrationalesforperformingthesemeasurementsasnecessaryforhearingaidpractitionerstoprovidethehighestlevelofcare.Severalresearchershavesuggestedthatcompletingthesemeasurementsaspartofroutineclinicalcarewillreducethenumberofreturnvisits,reducethenumberofaidsreturnedforcredit,andincreasepatientsatisfaction.Thepurposeofthisreviewarticleistoprovidebackground,methodandrationaleforpractitionerstousethesemeasurementstoimprovetheirpracticeofhearinghealthcare.

简介：我们在场在Hoare风格节目逻辑的标准标记打扫无用单元收集程序的保守变体的机器级的实现的确认。收集者的说明用分离逻辑在一个机器级的存储模型上被给，并且是足够强壮的保存任何普通mutator节目的安全性质。我们的确认充分在Coq证明助手被实现并且能作为带证明的代码包装的foundational立即被包装。我们的工作向造充分证明的生产质量无用单元收集程序做重要尝试。电子增补材料这篇文章(doi:10.1007/s11390-007-9049-z)的联机版本contatins增补材料，它对授权用户可得到。

简介：TheVacuumVessel(VV)systemisanessentialcomponentofKedaTorusforexperiment(KTX),andvariousscenariosmighttakeplaceonit.TheVV’ssupportsshouldbeadequatelystrongtostandagainstvariousloadsonVV,whichmighthappeninextremescenarios.Therefore,thedesignofVVsupportsisverifiedinasingleextremescenarioandissubsequentlyoptimizedinthisreport.ThenumericalsimulationbasedonFiniteElementtheoryisperformedasthemajormethodforanalysisandoptimization.Theelectromagneticforceinpreviousanalysesservesastheloadforthemechanicalanalysesofsupports.Duringtheoptimization,thestressesoftheWsupportsdecreaseremarkablyafterintroducingcotters.Finally,theoptimumdesignhasbeenworkedout.Itsatisfiestherequirementsregardingthestrengthandconvenienceinassembly.

简介：Thisstudyanalyzesthefactorsofinfluenceon0~#continuouscasterinNo.1SteelmakingPlantofXinjiangBayiIron&SteelCorporation(hereinafterreferredtoasBasteel).Diameteroftundishuppernozzleissmall,andthemoltensteelleakageaccidentshavebeengreatlymanifoldedinthehighcastingspeed.Inordertoincreaseyieldof0~#continuousecasterinNo.1SteelmakingPlantofXinjiangBayiIron&SteelCorporation,andaseriesofameliorationmeasurewasputforward.Throughenlargingdiameteroftundishuppernozzle(fromφ21mmtoφ21.5mm),afterthewaterdistributionofthesecondarycoolingwasoptimized.Basedonstabilizingthequality,improvingtheaveragecastingspeedandworkrateofthecaster,thecapacityofthebilletcontinuouscasterwasimproved.Abetterresultswasgained;theaveragecastingspeedhadbeenincreasedfrom3.04m/minto3.21m/min.Productionofthecasterhadbeenimprovedfrom1005179.926tin2008to1040853.075tin2009.Qualityoftheconcastingbilletsandproductionhadalsobeenstabilized.

简介：ThispaperexploitsBooleansatisfiabilityprobleminequivalencecheckingandmodelcheckingrespectively.Acombinationalequivalencecheckingmethodbasedonincrementalsatisfiabilityispresented.Thismethodchoosesthecandidateequivalentpairswithsomenewtechniques,andusesincrementalsatisfiabilityalgorithmtoimproveitsperformance.Bysubstitutingtheinternalequivalentpairsandconvertingtheequivalencerelationsintoconjunctivenormalform(CNF)formulas,thisapproachcanavoidthefalsenegatives,andreducethesearchspaceofSATprocedure.ExperimentalresultsonISCAS'85benchmarkcircuitsshowthat,thepresentedapproachisfasterandmorerobustthanthoseexistedinliterature.Thispaperalsopresentsanalgorithmforextractingofunsatisfiablecore,whichhasanimportantapplicationinabstractionandrefinementformodelcheckingtoalleviatethestatespaceexplosionbottleneck.Theerrorofapproximateextractionisanalyzedbymeansofsimulation.Ananalysisrevealsthataninterestingphenomenonoccurs,withtheincreasingdensityoftheformula,theaverageerroroftheextractionisdecreasing.AnexactextractionapproachforMUsubformula,referredtoaspre-assignmentalgorithm,isproposed.Boththeoreticalanalysisandexperimentalresultsshowthatitismoreefficient.

简介：Withtherapiddevelopmentofdeepsubmicron(DSM)VLSIcircuitdesigns,manyissuessuchastimeclosureandpowerconsumptionaremakingthephysicaldesignsmoreandmorechallenging.InthisreviewpaperweprovidereaderswithsomerecentprogressoftheVLSIphysicaldesigns.Therecentdevelopmentsoffloorplanningandplacement,interconnecteffects,modelinganddelay,bufferinsertionandwiresizing,circuitorderreduction,powergridanalysis,parasiticextraction,andclocksignaldistributionarebrieflyreviewed.

简介：Inadaptiveoptics(AO)system,thephasecompensationcapabilityislimitedgreatlybytheactuatornum-berofthedeformablemirror(DM).TheactuatornumberofDMismainlyrestrictedbythemanufacturetechniques.ThespatialcorrectioncapabilityofAOsystemcanbeimprovedbytwoormorecombinational-DMs(CDMs)withconjugationrelationship.TheCDMAOsystemforwavefrontcorrectionisbuilt,whichconsistsoftwo32-elementDMs.Theexperimentalresultsareinagreementwiththenumericalsimulationresults.ItisindicatedthattheCDMAOsystemprovidesbettercorrectionperformancethanthesingle32-elementDMAOsystem.

简介：Aspect-orientedprogrammingmodularizescrosscuttingconcernsintoaspectswiththeadviceinvokedatthespecifiedpointsofprogramexecution.Aspectscanbeusedinaharmfulwaythatinvalidatesdesiredpropertiesandevendestroystheconceptualintegrityofprograms.Toassurethequalityofanaspect-orientedsystem,rigorousanalysisanddesignofaspectsarehighlydesirable.Inthispaper,wepresentanapproachtoaspect-orientedmodelingandverificationwithfinitestatemachines.Ourapproachprovidesexplicitnotations(e.g.,pointcut,adviceandaspect)forcapturingcrosscuttingconcernsandincrementalmodificationrequirementswithrespecttoclassstatemodels.Forverificationpurposes,wecomposetheaspectmodelsandclassmodelsinanaspect-orientedmodelthroughaweavingmechanism.ThenwetransformthewovenmodelsandtheclassmodelsnotaffectedbytheaspectsintoFSP(FiniteStateProcesses),whicharetobecheckedbytheLTSA(LabeledTransitionSystemAnalyzer)modelcheckeragainstthedesiredsystemproperties.Wehaveappliedourapproachtothemodelingandverificationofthreeaspect-orientedsystems.Tofurtherevaluatetheeffectivenessofverification,wecreatedalargenumberofflawedaspectmodelsandverifiedthemagainstthesystemrequirements.Theresultsshowthattheverificationhasrevealedallflawedmodels.Thisindicatesthatourapproachiseffectiveinqualityassuranceofaspect-orientedstatemodels.Assuch,ourapproachcanbeusedformodel-checkingstate-basedspecificationofaspect-orienteddesignandcanuncoversomesystemdesignproblemsbeforethesystemisimplemented.

简介：从纸再核对的Dalian地震station.this基于存在历史的数据和观察1916,1917的三历史的地震和1944in的参数北方黄海，在鸭绿江河region.The附近，结果证明他们的重定位的震中在contemporarily强烈的地震活跃地区被定位，与从Dalian地震Station.The结果的数据导出的结果一致在bothrevising地震目录和理解是珍贵的本地backgr

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简介：一个宽带数组的健全的地分发用女性的声学和BEM被计算。FEM-BEM模型被建立因为一个九元素的飞机数组和它在变换器之中的精明的相互的放射阻抗的数字方法被给。影响声学表演的相互的放射阻抗的变化法律被分析。飞机数组的择向性和横梁宽度在三回声频率被计算。一条宽带有九个元素的稠密的飞机数组用三重地反响的变换器被开发。飞机数组的输入阻抗和择向性在无回声的水坦克被测量。结果证明根据一半设计数组是合理的数组元素的第一回声频率的波长。数字答案同意测量结果很好，它显示FEM-BEM方法是可行的计算健全的地分发并且分析相互的阻抗。

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简介：IonicPolymer-MetalComposite(IPMC)canworkasanactuatorbyapplyingafewvoltages.AthickIPMCactuator,whereNafion-117membranewassynthesizedwithpolypyrrole/aluminacompositefiller,wasanalyzedtoverifytheequivalentbeamandequivalentbimorphbeammodels.TheblockingforceandtipdisplacementoftheIPMCactuatorweremeasuredwithaDCpowersupplyandYoung’smodulusoftheIPMCstripwasmeasuredbybendingandtensiletestsrespectively.ThecalculatedmaximumtipdisplacementandtheYoung’smodulusbytheequivalentbeammodelwerealmostidenticaltothecorrespondingmeasureddata.Finiteelementanalysiswiththermalanalogytechniquewasutilizedintheequivalentbimorphbeammodeltonumericallyreproducetheforce-displacementrelationshipoftheIPMCactuator.Theresultsbytheequivalentbimorphbeammodelagreedwellwiththeforce-displacementrelationshipacquiredbythemeasureddata.Itisconfirmedthattheequivalentbeamandequivalentbimorphbeammodelsarepracticallyandeffectivelysuitableforpredictingthetipdisplacement,blockingforceandYoung’smodulusofIPMCactuatorswithdifferentthicknessanddifferentcompositeofionicpolymermembrane.

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简介：AbstractObjective:Clinical practice guidelines can improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes; however, the quality of these guidelines varies greatly in China. The aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive instrument for the appraisal of clinical practice guidelines in China (AGREE-CHINA), and to validate its reliability as a tool for helping potential guideline users in assessing guideline quality.Methods:First, an interdisciplinary working group was established for developing the methods. They also created a checklist as a tool according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) standards, considering the particularity of Chinese clinical practice. Next, the first draft of AGREE-China was developed by vote, modification, preliminary trial, and cross-verification. To ensure the objectivity, credibility, and reproducibility of the draft assessment, all of the checklists and standards were cross-reviewed fairly widely. Finally, AGREE-CHINA and AGREE II were used to assess the Chinese guidelines published in the past five years, and the results were compared.Results:The presented AGREE-CHINA covered five main checkpoints (science and rigor, effectiveness and safety, economy, usability and feasibility, and conflicts of interest) with each point divided into several more specific checkpoints. Definitions and rationales for each main checkpoint appear in the Appendix. The quality ratings based on the total scores of AGREE-China and AGREE II were consistent (r = 0.508, P = 0.020). Compared with AGREE II, the study showed a higher level of interrater-reliability for AGREE-CHINA overall (ICC = 0.957, P < 0.001). The mean time required for AGREE-CHINA was less than that for AGREE II; this was approximately 30 minutes for every assessment. User satisfaction was generally high.Conclusions:This paper has presented the first edition of the AGREE-CHINA appraisal tool for clinical guidelines. It is quick and easy to use; it assesses and performs well in comparison to AGREE II. This first version of AGREE-CHINA will require further development and validation.

简介：BaliActionPlanprovisionsacknowledgethefactthatdevelopingcountriesarealreadymakingeffortstoreduceemissionsandmovetowardsalowcarbonpathway.TheCopenhagenAccordmentions"Nationallyappropriatemitigationactionsseekinginternationalsupportwillberecordedinaregistryalongwithrelevanttechnology,financeandcapacitybuildingsupport.Thephrase"measurable,reportableandverifiable"wascriticaltotheagreement,andthewayinwhichtheconceptofMRVisreflectedinthepost-2012agreementwillhavesignificantimplicationsfortheeffectivenessofthatagreementforstakeholdersinbothdevelopinganddevelopedcountries.Itisworthlookingforcurrentexamplesofdevelopingcountryprogramsthatcanbemeasured,reportedandverifiedandexamininghowcountriesthemselvescurrentlyundertakemitigationpoliciesandmeasures.ManyofChina’sdomesticpolicieshavebeenineffectforseveralyearsandthusprovideempiricalevidenceforhowsuchprogramscanworkontheground.ThispaperwillhighlighthowMRViscurrentlyapplieddomesticallyinChinaandwillnotmakeanyspecificproposalsfornegotiators;itonlyseekstoinforminternationaldiscussiononhowMRVmightbeappliedinpractice,andthereforewhatprovisionsmightberequiredinaUNFCCCclimateagreement.

简介：Inthispaper,thecalculatingchartsandformulaeaboutwavepressureonthebreastwallarederivedwithsevenparametersonthebasisofphysicalmodelstudy.Theverificationshowsthatthechartsagreewiththeexample,andareadoptedintheSpecificationsofFisheryHarboursBreakwaterbytheMinistryofAgricultures.