简介:Grainsizeandmineralcompositionofcoresedimentswereusedtoinvestigateinfluencesofvariousterrestrialandmarineconditions,whichhaveprevailedonthesouthwesternBlackSeashelfduringtheHolocene.Siliciclasticmudwithsmallamountsofsandandgravelfromnearbycoastalhinterlandistheprincipalsedimenttype,whereassedimentsdepositedneartheshelfedgeandthe(I)stanbulStraitandofftheDuruLake(apaleo-rivermouth)constituedlargequantitiesofsandandgravelofbothbiogenicandterrigenicorigin.Variableamountsofaragonite,1nm-micas,quartz,feldspars,calciteanddolomiteconstitutethedominantnon-claymineralsinbulksediments.Theclaymineralassemblageinthe<2μmfractionismadeupofsmectite,illite,kaoliniteandchlorite.Aragoniteandcalcitearemainlyderivedfrombenthicaccumulations,whereasfeldspars(mainlyplagioclase)andsmectitereflectmagmaticvolcanicprovenanceandthedistributionof1nm-micasandchloritecorrelatewithnearbymetamorphicsourcesonland.Nevertheless,grainsizeandmineraldistributiongenerallyindicateacombinationofeffectsofwindandwaveclimate,longshoreandoffshorecycloniccurrents,changingsea-levelstandsandnearbysourcerockandmorphologicalconditions.ItisalsosuggestedthatatleastpartofclaymineralscouldbederivedfromthenorthwesterlyDanubeRiverinput.
简介:<正>AftertheWaterlooCampaign,Napoleonwasbanished(驱逐)ontoalonelyislandnamedStHelenainSouthAtlantic.Hebecameaprisonerforlife.Facingthevastsea,healwaysthoughtofescapingfromtheis-land,butthatwasimpossible.Heknewnothingaboutthegeographicalpositionoftheisland!
简介:不同尺寸的喷雾器被一个安德森空气刺绣花样收集观察黑碳(BC)的详细形态学与另外的伴随的喷雾器化学上被分开的喷雾器,用与一个精力DispersiveX光线分光计(SEM-EDX)装备的一台扫描电子显微镜。结果显示大多数BC喷雾器是在直径并且与同类的表面的大约50nm的球形的粒子。结果也证明这些粒子与另外的喷雾器或与自己一起聚集形成更大在测微计范围聚结。这些50-nmBC球形的粒子的形状被发现很类似于免除石油动力的车辆的内燃机的BCparticles的。这些球形的BCparticles被显示与发现帮助usingMatrix的激光解吸附作用/电离蒂米夫莱特·马斯·斯佩克特罗梅特里(MALDI-TOF-MS)的以前报导的fullerenes不同。
简介:Inthepast,peopledidnotrealizetheformationandstructureofgalaxies.Theyevenmistooktheblackholeshiddeninthecenterofagalaxyasindependentcelestialobjects,makingblackholesmysteriousandunbelievable.Itwasonlyaftertheauthorstudiedanddiscoveredthelawsoftheformationandevolutionofsatellites,planetsandstarsthatheputforwardthescientifictheoryofgalaxyformationandevolution,thereforerevealingthehierarchicalstructureofgalaxyandtheexistenceandcharacteristicsofblackholesasthemainnodesofgalacticstructure.
简介:我们在场有在非线性的electrodynamics的宇宙论的经常的Λ的常规黑洞的一个班。而不是在黑洞地平线后面的平常的奇特,所有领域和弯曲invariants为常规黑洞到处是常规的。通过计量器不变的途径,常规黑洞的线性地动态的稳定性被学习。在odd-paritysector,我们发现Λ术语不出现在不安的主人方程,常规黑洞在奇怪同等值的不安下面是稳定的whichshows。在另一方面为平同等值的部门,没有宇宙论的常数,主人方程是比盒子更复杂的。我们为常规黑洞的稳定性获得足够的条件。我们也调查常规黑洞的热力学的性质,并且发现那些热力学的数量不满足黑洞热力学的第一条法律的微分表格。为违背第一条法律的原因被揭示。
简介:Ultrasound(US)-inducedcavitationisaneffectivewayinoxidizingorganiccontaminantsinwastewatereitherastheindependentoperationunitorincombinationwithotheroxidationmethods.Inthispaper,blackliquorandfiltrateafteracidifyingandsettlingweresonicated.Theeffectofworkingparametersonultrasonicdegradationofblackliquor,suchasdifferentcombinationmethods,frequency,powersupply,initialconcentration,pH,durationtime,ionicstrengthandcatalystwerestudied.Theresultswereasfollows:(1)Attheconditionsof40kHz,100W,4h,pHat6andtemperature30±2℃,utilizingUS/US-H2O2/US-Fenton,weak-orangefiltrateturnedtocolloidwiththeincreaseoftimeandlittlesedimentproducedaftersettling.EspeciallyfiltratecametobemilkwhitecollidesandupperwaterapproachedtonearlyachromaticbyUS-Fenton.ComparedwiththeUS,US-H2O2/US-FentonCOD(Chemicaloxidationdemand)removalratiocanincrease15%,30%respectively.Becauseofmorehydroxylradicalsproducedinthereactionprocess;(2)Attheconditionof100Wand4h,thedegradationefficiencyofblackliquorwasbetterat40kHzoverat20kHz.Moreoverblackliquorcanbebiodegradedeasily.Thosebasedonthatthebigmoleculeofcontaminantsinaqueoussolutioncanbechangedintothelittlemoleculewithultrasound(3)Attheconditionof40kHzand4h,theCODremovalratioofblackliquorwasmorehigherat60Wthanat80W,whiletheremovalratioofCODat60Wwasnearlyclosetotheratioat100W;(4)Theinitialconcentrationofblackliquorinfluencedtheeffectofsonochemicaldegradation;(5)ThevariationofpHhadnoeffectondegradation;(6)Thelongerthedurationtime,thegreatertheremovalratioofCOD.Butthisratioincreasedslowlyafter4h;(7)Adding0.2g/LNaCltochangetheionicstrengthoftheblackliquor,theCODremovalratiocanincrease10%;(8)ThedegradationratesincreasedbythecoexistentcatalystsofTiO2,Co2+andAg+.