简介：AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by immune dysfunction, vasculopathy, chronic fibrosis of skin and internal organs with complex etiology. With the rapid development and the application in biomedicine of epigenetics, accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetics plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SSc. Environmental factors via epigenetics are needed to trigger and maintain for the disease in the subjects with genetic predisposition to SSc. The role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of SSc includes hypermethylation of the promoter region of nitric oxide synthase and bone morphogenetic protein receptors II, up-regulation of histone deacetylases 4 and 5 expression, and down-regulation of miR-193b and miR-152 in endothelial cells inducing vascular dysfunction; DNA hypermethylation and hypoacetylation of histone H3 and H4 in Friend leukemia virus integration 1 and Kruppel-like factor 5 genes, and the abnormal expression of miR-29, miR-129-5p and miR-135b in fibroblasts causing excessive fibrosis; DNA hypomethylation in the promoter regions of CD11a and CD70 genes in CD4+T cells resulting in immune dysfunction. Studies on the role of epigenetics in SSc are of great significance for better understanding the pathogenic machanism of SSc, which is helpful to find new molecular targets for treating SSc, and consequently, improve the prognosis of SSc.

简介：AbstractMelanoma originates from epidermal melanocytes and is the most malignant form of skin cancer, with an increasing incidence worldwide. In addition to the known pathological mutations in melanoma, the remodeling of epigenetic modification has recently been documented to orchestrate the malignant behaviors of tumor cells and anti-tumor immunity, emerging as an irreversible tumorigenic event that is more preventable and treatable with medications. As a hallmark characteristic of cancer, the disorder of cellular metabolism is also greatly implicated in tumor carcinogenesis and development. Accumulating evidence has revealed the close linkage between metabolism and epigenetics in multiple biological activities. In the pathogenesis of melanoma, the findings of other groups and our laboratory highlight the pivotal role of autophagy, mitochondrial function, and the oncometabolite acetyl-CoA, as well as their epigenetic modification. Targeted metabolism-associated epigenetic modulation might be a novel approach for melanoma therapy in the future.

简介：本文概述了epigenetics的发展过程及其成京.Epigenetics指的是基因表达改变的遗传物质变化,包括基因组和染色质（含组蛋白）的化学修饰,如DNA甲基化、乙酰化等等.其中甲基化所引起epigenetics异常具有重要生理与病理生理学意义.影响基因表达调控与epigenetics异常的研究对若干疾病（如癌症）的发生机制及探索治疗药物已获得可喜成果.

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简介：Hepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC),thepredominantformofadultlivermalignancies,isaglobalhealthconcern.Itsdismalprognosishaspromptedrecentsignificantadvancesintheunderstandingofitsetiologyandpathogenesis.Thederegulationofepigeneticmechanisms,whichmaintainheritablegeneexpressionchangesandchromatinorganization,isimplicatedinthedevelopmentofmultiplecancers,includingHCC.ThisreviewsummarizesthecurrentknowledgeofepigeneticmechanismsinthepathogenesisofHCC,withanemphasisonHCCmediatedbychronichepatitisBvirusinfection.Thisreviewalsodiscussestheencouragingoutcomesandlessonslearntfromepigenetictherapiesforhematologicalandothersolidcancers,andhighlightsthefuturepotentialofsimilartherapiesinthetreatmentofHCC.

简介：AbstractAutoimmune diseases with hematological manifestations are often characterized by chronicity and relapses despite treatment, and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain unknown. Epigenetic alterations play a vital role in the deregulation of immune tolerance and the development of autoimmune diseases. In recent years, study of epigenetic mechanisms in both adult and childhood autoimmune disorders has been seeking to explain the pathophysiology of these heterogeneous diseases and to elucidate the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Various mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (chromatin remodeling), and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), have been studied extensively in the context of autoimmune diseases. This paper summarizes the epigenetic patterns in some of the most common childhood autoimmune disorders with hematological manifestations, based on epigenetic studies in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Research findings indicate that methylation changes in genes expressed on T cells, modifications at a variety of histone sites, and alterations in the expression of several ncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. These mechanisms not only determine the development of these diseases but also affect the severity of the clinical presentation and biochemical markers. Further studies will provide new tools for the prevention and diagnosis of childhood autoimmune disorders, and possible novel treatment options.