简介:Theauthor,Raidi,ischairmanoftheStandingCommitteeofthePeople’sCongressofTibetAutonomousRegion.HewroteanarticleafteravisittotheEuropeanParliamentandtheKingdomofBelgiumfromMarch22toApril2,2002.Recountinghisownexperience,hemadestrikingcomparisonbetweenthepastandpresentofTibetwithenormousfactstorevealthetremendouschangesthathavetakenplaceinTibet.
简介:WeallknowthatChinahasfourgreatinventions:papermaking,printing[印刷术],gunpowder[火药]andthecompass.TheywereintroducedintotheWestbeforetheEuropeanmodernizationandhadagreatinfluenceonWesternscienceandtechnology.Thus,peopleinEuropehadakindofsinomania—ChinaCraze—inthe18thcentury.
简介:Italyhasalong-standingtraditionofearthquakeinvesti-gations.Seismologistscanrelyononeofthelongestandmostdetailedrecordsofhistoricalseismic#y,20yearsofhomogeneousandreliableinstrumentaldata,systematicandwidespreadactivestressdataandacomprehensivedatabaseofpotentialseismogenicsources.Herewedescribethesedatasetsanddiscusshowtheymayhelpusanticipatethelargeearthquakesofthefuture.
简介:AbstractEndometriosis is a prevalent chronic disease that affects approximately 6% to 10% of reproductive-aged women. Although numerous researchers have endeavored to explore the etiology of endometriosis over a century, its etiology still remains an enigma. The exploration of pathophysiologic mechanism and novel therapy for endometriosis depends on ideal endometriotic models. In the previous decade, various endometriotic models have been established; therefore, we made a conclusion for available information on these models. This review summarized the common experimental models used in endometriotic studies, including their origins, characteristics, applications, and limitations. Endometriotic models played an important role in studying etiologies and novel treatments of endometriosis during the last decades. Among them, animal models and endometriotic cell lines were viewed as most common studying tools to explore the intrinsic entities of endometriosis. In addition, endometrial organoid also emerged and was regarded as an ideal studying tool for endometriosis research. Different research models collectively complement each other to advance the endometriosis research. The successful establishment of endometrial organoids means that organoids are expected to become an ideal model for studying endometriosis in the future.
简介:Theoccurrenceanddevelopmentofmicrosurgicaltechniqueisoneofthemostwonderfulmedicalachievementsinthetwentiethcentury.Byassistanceofopticsystem,ithassuccessfullymadesurgeryfrommacroscopicfieldintomicrocosmicworldandevidentlybroadenedtheappliedscopeofsurgicaltechnique.Themicrosurgicaltechniquehasalsomadesurgerymoreaccurate.Nowithasbeenusedmostwidelyinthereparativeandreconstructivesurgeryandalmostleavesnothingtobedesiredinsmallvascularanastomosis.Microsurgeryhasgreatlyextendedthescopeanddepthofthereparativeandreconstructivesurgeryandmademanyaccurateoperationswhichwereneverproceededtocometruebefore.Manynewsubjectsthereforehavebeenformedforthisreason.
简介:Overthepastdecade,percutaneousrenaldenervationhasbeenvigorouslyinvestigatedasatreatmentforresistanthypertension.TheSYMPLICITYradiofrequencycathetersystem(MedtronicCardioVascularInc.,SantaRosa,CA,USA)isthemosttesteddeviceinclinicaltrials.AfterthepositiveresultsofsmallphaseIandIIclinicaltrials,SYMPLICITYHTN-3(aphaseIII,multi-center,blinded,sham-controlledrandomizedclinicaltrial)wascompletedin2014,butdidnotshowsignificantbloodpressureloweringeffectwithrenaldenervationcomparedtomedicaltherapyandcausedtheinvestigatorsandindustrytorevisitboththebasicscienceelementsofrenaldenervationaswellasthedesignofrelatedclinicaltrials.ThisreviewsummarizestheSYMPLICITYtrials,analyzestheSYMPLICITYHTN-3data,andprovidesinsightsgainedfromthistrialinthedesignofthemostrecentclinicaltrial,theSPYRALHTNGlobalclinicaltrial.Otherthanhypertension,theroleofrenaldenervationinthemanagementofotherdiseaseprocessessuchassystolicanddiastolicheartfailure,metabolicsyndrome,arrhythmia,andobstructivesleepapneawiththecommonpathophysiologicpathwayofsympatheticoveractivityisalsodiscussed.
简介:Tibet′sPopulation:PastandPresentTudengAfterTibetwasconqueredbytheMongolswhofoundedtheYuanDynasty(inthe13thcentury),ithassince...
简介:TheJOURNALOFANCIENTCIVILIZATIONS(JAC)ispublishedannuallybytheInstitutefortheHistoryofAncientCivilizations(northeastnormaluniversity,Changchun,JilinProvince,People’sRepublicofChina).Thisyear,weareproudtopresentthe30thvolumetotheacademicaudience.Firstissuedin1986afterthefoundationof
简介:AbstractThere has been a long history since human beings began to realize the existence of post-traumatic symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a diagnostic category adopted in 1980 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III, described typical clusters of psychiatric symptoms occurring after traumatic events. Abundant researches have helped deepen the understanding of PTSD in terms of epidemiological features, biological mechanisms, and treatment options. The prevalence of PTSD in general population ranged from 6.4% to 7.8% and was significantly higher among groups who underwent major public traumatic events. There has been a long way in the studies of animal models and genetic characteristics of PTSD. However, the high comorbidity with other stress-related psychiatric disorders and complexity in the pathogenesis of PTSD hindered the effort to find specific biological targets for PTSD. Neuroimage was widely used to elucidate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of PTSD. Functional MRI studies have showed that PTSD was linked to medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and sub-cortical structures like amygdala and hippocampus, and to explore the functional connectivity among these brain areas which might reveal the possible neurobiological mechanism related to PTSD symptoms. For now, cognitive behavior therapy-based psychotherapy, including combination with adjunctive medication, showed evident treatment effects on PTSD. The emergence of more effective PTSD pharmacotherapies awaits novel biomarkers from further fundamental research. Several natural disasters and emergencies have inevitably increased the possibility of suffering from PTSD in the last two decades, making it critical to strengthen PTSD research in China. To boost PTSD study in China, the following suggestions might be helpful: (1) establishing a national psychological trauma recover project, and (2) exploring the mechanisms of PTSD with joint effort and strengthening the indigenized treatment of PTSD.
简介:Theunsteadyhydrodynamicsofabiomimeticfinattachedtoacylindricalbodyhasbeenstudiednumericallyusingacomputationalfluiddynamic(CFD)simulatorbasedonanin-housesolveroftheNavier-Stokesequations,combinedwitharecentlydevelopedmulti-block,oversetgridmethod.Thefin-bodyCFDmodelisbasedonamechanicalpectoralfindevice,whichconsistsofacylindricalbodyandanasymmetricfinandcanmimicflapping,rowingandfeatheringmotionsofthepectoralfinsinfishes.Firstthemulti-block,oversetgridmethodincorporatedintotheNSsolverwasverifiedthroughanextensivestudyofunsteadyflowspastasinglefinundergoingrowingandfeatheringmotion.Thenunsteadyflowspastthebiomimeticfin-bodymodelundergoingthesamemotionswerecomputedandcomparedwiththemeasurementsofforcesofthemechanicalpectoralfin,whichshowsgoodagreementinbothtime-varyingandtime-averagedhydrodynamicforces.Therelationshipbetweenforcegenerationandvortexdynamicspointstotheimportanceofthematchinfinkinematicsbetweenpowerandrecoverystrokesandimpliesthatanoptimalselectionofparametersofphaselagsbetweenandamplitudesofrowingandfeatheringmotionscanimprovetheperformanceoflabriformpropulsionintermsofeithermaximumforcegenerationorminimummechanicalpower.
简介:LOOKBACKONTHEPAST,ADVANCEBRAVELYINTHEFUTURECelebratingthe30thAnniversaryoftheFoundingoftheinstituteofSouthAsianStudies,Sichua...