简介：技术突破推进了诊断成像的时间、空间的决定，并且3维(3-D)重建技术被介绍了进日常临床的实践。虚拟内视镜检查法(VE)是在3-D空格放大代表性的图象的感觉的一种非侵略的技术，提供病理学的区域和他们的包围结构的精确空间关系。许多计算机算法能被用来产生3-D图象，利用螺线计算了断层摄影术或磁性的回声成像(MRI)的在也固有的信息。VE图象通过空机关启用endoluminal航行，因此模仿常规内视镜检查法。几临床的研究验证了虚拟膀胱镜检查的诊断用途，它在膀胱肿瘤的察觉有高敏感和特性率。在肾盂，输尿管和尿道的虚拟探索的出版经验令人鼓舞却仍然少见。VE是一只保险箱，能与ureteropelvic连接阻塞在病人的长期的后续被使用的非侵略的方法，膀胱肿瘤和输尿管或尿道狭窄。它的主要限制是无能为组织病理学说的检查和联系电离放射危险提供活体检视织物标本(除非MRI被使用)。在endoluminal狭窄或阻塞的情况中，然而，VE向头部地允许虚拟endoluminal航行并且对小型机关枪的一种尾耳的片断。得出结论，VE提供评估泌尿道的一个不太侵略的方法，特别为比放射线学者不太熟悉代表性的成像的临床医生。

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简介：ComparisonsintheratesofstomachandcoloncancerbetweencountriesoftheEastandthoseoftheWestsuggestthatdietaryfactorsplayasignificantroleincarcinogenesisofthegastrointestinaltract.However,ithasbeendifficulttoclarifywhichofthemanyfactorsthatinfluencecarcinogenesisareinfactalteredbydiet.Geneticdeterminants,dietaryhabits,

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简介：BACKGROUND:Thecorticospinaltractisthecorestructureofcerebralcontrolofextremitymovementandplasticity,whichareprerequisitesformovementrehabilitationafterbraininjury.Themeasurementandassessmentofplasticitychangeswithinthecorticospinaltracthasbecomeoneofthekeygoalsinthisfield.OBJECTIVE:Toexploretheeffectsofbiotinylateddextranamine(BDA)asaneuraltracerintheratcorticospinaltractandthepossibilitiesofassessingplasticitywithinthecorticospinaltract.DESIGN:Anobservationalexperiment.SETTING:DepartmentofAcupunctureofChineseMedicalCollege,ChongqingMedicalUniversity,DepartmentofNeurology,theSecondAffiliatedHospital,ChongqingMedicalUniversity.MATERIALS:EighteenmaleadultSpragueDawley(SD)ratsofcleangrade,weighing200-250g,wereprovidedbytheexperimentalanimalcenterofChongqingMedicalUniversity.Theanimalproceduresinthisstudywereinaccordancewiththeanimalethicsstandards.BDAwasprovidedbyVectorLaboratoriesCompany(USA,catalogueSp-1140;serialnumberR0721).METHODS:ThisexperimentwasperformedintheLaboratoryofChongqingMedicalUniversitybetweenSeptemberandDecember2006.AdultSDratswereusedintheexperimentand15%BDAwasinjectedslowlywithamini-syringethroughtworound(3mmdiameter)holesintotheleftsensoryandmotorcortex.Thecenterofoneholewaslocated3mmanteriorfromtheanteriorfontaneland1.5mmleftofthemidline;thesecondholewaslocated1.5mmposteriorfromtheanteriorfontaneland4mmleftofthemidline.Threeinjectionsweremadeateachholeatthreedifferentlevels:1.4,1.2,and1mmventralfromthesurfaceoftheflatskull.After14days,thebrainsandspinalcordswereremovedandfrozen.SectionswerecutonacryostatandBDAtransportationabsorbedbyaxonswasobservedunderafluorescencemicroscope.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:AxonalabsorptionandtransportationofBDAwasobservedunderfluorescencemicroscope.RESULTS:EighteenS

简介：AIM:Todiscusstheclinicalsignificanceofpostoperativegastrointestinaldecompressioninoperationonlowerdigestivetract.METHODS:Threehundredandsixty-eightpatientswithexcisionandanastomosisoflowerdigestivetractweredividedintotwogroups,i.e.thegroupwithpostoperativegastrointestinaldecompressionandthegroupwithoutpostoperativegastrointestinaldecompression.Clinicaltherapeuticoutcomeandincidenceofcomplicationwerecomparedbetweentwogroups.Furthermore,aninvestigationonapplicationofgastrointestinaldecompressionwascarriedoutamong200generalsurgeons.RESULTS:Thevolumeofgastricjuiceindecompressiongroupwasabout200mLeverydayafteroperation.Bothgroupshadalowergirthbeforeoperationthaneverydayafteroperation.Nodifferenceinlengthofthefirstpassageofgasbyanusanddefecationafteroperationwasfoundbetweentwogroups.Theoverallincidenceofcomplicationswasobviouslyhigherindecompressiongroupthaninnon-decompressiongroup(28%vs8.2%,P<0.001).Theincidenceofpharyngolaryngitiswasupto23.1%.Therewasalsonodifferencebetweentwogroupsregardingthelengthofhospitalizationafteroperation.Themajority(97.5%)ofgeneralsurgeonsheldthatgastrointestinaldecompressionshouldbeplacedtillpassageofgasbyanus,andonly2.5%ofsurgeonsthoughtthatgastrointestinaldecompressionshouldbeplacedfor2-3dbeforepassageofgasbyanus.Nobody(0%)deemeditunnecessaryforplacinggastrointestinalcompressionafteroperation.CONCLUSION:Applicationofgastrointestinaldecompressionafterexcisionandanastomosisoflowerdigestivetractcannoteffectivelyreducegastrointestinaltractpressureandhasnoobviouseffectonpreventingpostoperativecomplications.Onthecontrary,itmayincreasetheincidenceofpharyngolaryngitisandothercomplications.Therefore,itismorebeneficialtotherecoveryofpatientswithoutundergoinggastrointestinaldecompression.

简介：WemadeclinicalobservationsonthetherapeuticeffectofacupunctureonacuteupperrespiratorytractinfectionandcomparedwiththeeffectofparacetamolandAntondine,Theresultshowedthatacupuncturetherapycouldallayfevermorerapidlythandrugs,solongasthedifferentiationofsyndromesiscorrectandtheacupointisselectedproperly.

简介：我们决定了在prostatic演算和更低的尿道之间的关联症状(LUTS)，以及prostatic演算的预先安排的因素。为LUTS在我们的诊所介绍了的1527个病人，802经历了完全的评估，包括transrectalultrasonography，voidedbladder-3标本和国际prostatic症状分数(IPSS)。有prostatic演算的335个病人和没有prostatic演算的467个病人的一个总数分别地被划分成演算和没有演算组。严重LUTS和prostatic演算的预兆的因素用uni/multivariate分析被决定。全面IPSS分数是15.7卤9.2在演算和没有演算组织的9.2和14.1卤，分别地(P=0.013)。最大的流动率是12.1卤6.9和14.2卤8.2mLs?1在演算和没有演算组织，分别地(P=0.003)。在为预言严重LUTS的因素的univariate分析上，在年龄的差别(P=0.042)，prostatic演算(P=0.048)并且前列腺炎(P=0.018)是统计上重要的。在multivariate分析上，然而，没有因素是重要的。在为预先安排的multivariate分析上prostatic演算的因素，在年龄的差别(P<0.001)并且前列腺体积(P=0.001)是重要的。到我们的知识，有prostatic演算的病人抱怨更严重的LUTS。然而，prostatic演算不是严重LUTS的一个独立预兆的因素。因此，不仅因为prostatic演算而且因为年龄和另外的因素，有prostatic演算的人有更严重的LUTS。另外，老年和大前列腺体积是为prostatic演算的独立人士预先安排因素。

简介：我们在朝鲜良性的prostatic增生(BPH)在更低的尿道症状(LUTS)上分析了肥胖的效果病人。这是multicenter，在朝鲜在四个中心进行的代表性的、未来的学习。有对BPH第二等的LUTS的602个人的一个总数被包括。BPH/LUTSs盒子是有8削尖的国际前列腺症状分数(IPSS)的40年的人。高度，重量和腰圆周被测量。在602个病人之中，156个病人在90厘米上面有腰圆周，代表中央肥胖，并且215个病人在25kgm-2上面有一个身体团索引。腰圆周断然与前列腺体积被相关(P=0.034)。有腰圆周的人>90厘米富有经验1.36褶层与腰圆周90厘米与人相比增加了严重LUTS(95%CI0.82鈥?.41)的风险。前列腺体积断然与中央肥胖在人与紧急和nocturia被相关。在与BPH诊断的朝鲜的人的这张人口，中央肥胖而非全面肥胖似乎是LUTS的更重要的预言者与BPH相关。

简介：Object:Toinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenchlamydiatrachomatis(CT)andurogenitalinfection.Method:PositiverateofCTinpatientswithinflammationofurogenitaltractwassignificantlyhigherthanthosewithoutinflammation(P<0.05).Result:Therewasstatisticaldifferenceinthemalesnomattertheywerepatientswithinflammationofurogenitaltractornot(P>0.05),whiletherewasnostatisticaldifferenceinfemales(P>0.05).Theincidenceoftheinfectionwashighamongthoseagingfrom21-50yearsold.Conclusion:TheclinicalmanifestationsofCTinfectionwereobscure,soweshouldexamineCTinpatientswhohavenosymptoms,especiallyinfemalesandthoseofhigh-riskpopulation.

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简介：Objective:Tocomparethesensitivityandspecificityofthecervical/urethralswabswithvoidedurinespecimensforthedetectionofgenitourinarytractinfectionwithChlamydiatrachomatisanddeterminewhetherurinespecimenscanreplacethecervical/urethralswabsindetectionofC.trachomatis.Methods:Thematchedcervical/urethralswabsandvoidedurinespecimenswerecollectedfrom569patientsofSTDclinics.Polymerasechainreaction(PCR)assayspecificforC.trachomatisplasmidDNAandrapidantigentesting(Clearviewassay)wasusedtodetectC.trachomatis.Standardcriteriathatdefined""""true""""positiveincluded:1)positivePCRresultsbothincervical/urethralswabandvoidedurinespecimenor2)positivevoidedurineresultsbothbyPCRassayandclearviewtestor3)positiveresultsinbothPCRassayofcervical/urethralswabandclearviewtestofvoidedurine.Forstatisticalanalysis,thechi-squaretestwasused.Results:TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithsymptomswas12.1%(28/231)inwomenand10.4%(10/96)inmen,withnosignificantdifferencebetweenthem(x^2=0.21,P>0.05).TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithnosymptomswas11.0%(11/100)inwomenand15.5%(22/142)inmen,withasignificantdifferenceexistingbetweenthem.(x^2=4.0,P<0.05).Nosignificantdifference(P>0.05)existedbetweenPCRtestingofswabs(sensitivity87.3%;specificity99.2%)andPCRtestingofurine(sensitivity88.7%;specificity98.8%).Asforclearviewassay,sensitivitywas60.6%andspecificitywas100%.Conclusions:PCRassayissuperiortoclearviewindetectingC.trachomatis.AlthoughbothPCRtestingofswabsandPCRtestingofurinespecimensbothhavehighsensitivityandspecificity,urinespecimentestingismorecost-effective,practicalandnoninvasive.ThusurinespecimenscantaketheplaceoftheswabsinPCRtestingforchlamydia.

简介：Objective:ToconfirmwhetherMycoplasmapneumoniae(MP)arepresentinreproductivetractofSTDpatientsinChina.Methods:ApplicationofnestedPCR(nPCR)andDNAsequencingtotestsamplesofurethral/vaginalswabswithMPcultureconfirmationofseveralnPCRpositivepatients.Results:74of786STDpatientswerepositiveforMPbynPCR,witharateof9.4%.Ofthe484malepatients,10.5%werepositive,andamongthe302femalepatients,7.6%werepositive.Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthem(P>0.05).Of12casesofMPpositivesamplesbynPCR,4caseswerefirstgenerationculture-positive,andoneofthempassedtothenextgenerationsuccessfully.DNAsequencingwasperformedonthenPCRproductofoneswabsampleandoneMPcultureisolation.ThedeterminedsequencewasidenticaltothetypicalMPstrain.Conclusion:InChina,MParepresentinreproductivetractofbothmaleandfemaleSTDnatients.

简介：Theepidemiologyofbenignprostatichyperplasia(BPH)andmalelowerurinarytractsymptoms(LUTS)hasevolvedconsiderablyduringthepastseveralyears.ThetermLUTSdescribesadistinctphenotypeandallowsforabroadepidemiologicdescriptionofurinarysymptomsatapopulationlevel.Althoughitisbecomingthepreferredtermforstudyingurinarysymptomsinpopulations,LUTS

简介：瞄准：讨论CT的临床的价值三维(3-D)在诊断胃肠道疾病的成像。方法：52个病人的Three-D成像调查结果回顾地被分析。Three-D成像方法包括的遮的表面显示(SSD)，显示的体积(VR)，虚拟内视镜检查法(VE)(MPR)并且多平面的重新格式化。CT3-D的诊断结果被比较内视镜检查法或外科的发现与那些评估。结果：有胃肠道疾病的52个病人被CT3-D成像，50个盒子正确地被诊断诊断，2被误诊。有胃的疾病的33个盒子(27与癌，5与消化性溃疡并且1与平滑肌瘤)并且19大肠的疾病(10与结肠癌，2与直肠的癌，5与结肠息肉并且2与回盲肠连接的肺结核)。有突出的损害的22个盒子(9与随后的空损害)，20与洞的狭窄(8与伴随物突出的损害)并且10与空损害(5与伴随物突出的损害)在3-D图象被显示出。显示出的最小的损害是1.0厘米x0.8厘米x0.5厘米。结论：CT3-D成像，没有疼痛的非侵略的考试，能清楚地并且直接与精确地点和高诊断精确性显示胃肠道的损害。它是到内视镜检查法的一种重要互补技术。

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简介：AbstractImportance:Recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) is common in children. Inappropriate RRTI treatment will lead to asthma and other diseases, thereby seriously affecting the growth and physical health of children. Immune function modulation can prevent and alleviate childhood RRTI. Yupingfeng (YPF), a patented traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has immunomodulatory effects and is widely used in China to treat children with RRTI.Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of YPF monotherapy in treating children with RRTI.Methods:This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-simulation, noninferiority clinical trial was conducted from January 2015 to August 2017, with an 8-week treatment period and 52-week follow-up after the drug withdrawal. Children aged 2–6 years with RRTI meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in 13 hospitals in China and divided randomly into three groups (2:2:1 ratio) to receive YPF, pidotimod, or placebo. The primary outcome was the proportion of RRTI returning to normal standard level during the follow-up. The secondary outcomes were reduction in the number of RRTI recurrences, effect on clinical symptoms (in accord with TCM practice), effect per symptom, and safety. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) under the unique identifier ChiCTR-IPR-15006847.Results:Three hundred and fifty-one children were enrolled and randomly assigned to 3 groups; 124, 125, and 61 children in the YPF, pidotimod, and placebo groups, respectively, had completed the trial. During the follow-up, the proportion of RRTI returning to normal standard level was 73.13%, 67.15%, and 38.81% with YPF, pidotimod, and placebo, respectively (P < 0.0001). The proportion of cases who returned to normal standard level in the YPF group was 34.32% higher than that in the placebo group. The safety profile did not significantly differ among the groups.Interpretation:YPF granules were noninferior to the active control drug pidotimod oral solution for the treatment of RRTI in children, and were superior to placebo, with a high safety profile.

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简介：由利用兔子模型，以前的研究发现了好证据显示那导致输精管切除术的spermatogenic损坏是调停压力的：当堵塞的繁殖的道是不能的提供睾丸生产的另外的精子时，损坏发生。然而，与更通常使用的老鼠模型一起的更多的研究显示出损坏是否并且为什么发生的争论结果。在这研究，12只成熟男Sprague-Dawley老鼠受到单方的输精管切除术：两倍结扎(没有切断)管，deferens经由一个小腹股沟的切口暴露了；在操作，睾丸，epididymides，vasadeferentia(juxta-epididymal片断)，和精子granulomas以后的37天(在输精管切除术地点)被移开获得嵌入树脂的节和morphometric研究与光执行了的methacrylate显微镜学。有spermatids和spermatocytes的显著spermatogenic损坏在43%生精的小管侧面在生精的上皮弄空在vasectomized方面上在12个睾丸中的5个被表明，并且损坏与更小或不在的精子granulomas被联系；在有实质上正常的精子发生的另外的7个睾丸，有增加(在111%平均)在小管腔的体积，与包含更多的精子的更大的granulomas或granulomas联系了。有全面增加(在66%)在在12个睾丸的网睾丸的厚度；epididymis或管deferens没显示出扩张。它因此似乎输精管切除术在老鼠导致的spermatogenic损坏也是调停压力的，并且处于损坏的那个变化主要取决于精子granuloma的手术后的发展。

简介：AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common single-gene cardiovascular disease, is associated with increased risk for arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The hemodynamic changes known to occur during pregnancy can exacerbate heart failure and arrhythmias in women with HCM. We present a 30-year-old woman with HCM to illustrate the benefits of multidisciplinary team management of severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (peak gradient >100 mmHg) for optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.