简介：AbstractGlobally, rabies remains a serious threat to public health. In particular, large number of cases continue to be detected in Africa and Asia. China has experienced three major outbreaks with the current epizootic starting in 1990s, peaking in 2007 with 3,300 cases, and consistently decreasing since this point. A key factor of the success in keeping the rabies outbreak under control is the National Public Health Reporting Program that was introduced to coordinate surveillance at provincial and regional levels. Through this program, it is possible to obtain an integrated overview of how rabies was spreading and how various factors were contributing to the outbreak. At the same time, samples have been collected from suspected rabies cases and a subset of positive samples selected for sequencing. In this way, it is possible to investigate the outbreak from a phylogenetic perspective, providing the comprehensive description of a rabies outbreak to date. In this work, we review rabies control efforts over the last 20 years, and show how this integrated approach has led to a deeper characterization of the outbreak and a better understanding of the factors driving the spread of the disease.

简介：AbstractPlacenta percreta with bladder bleeding can occur during gestation or postpartum, posing a great threat to both mother and fetus. But it is rare and lacks standard management strategies. We reported four cases suffering from bladder bleeding caused by placenta percreta even with hemorrhagic shock admitted between January 1st, 2011 and December 31th, 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Clinical information, including age, gravidity and parity, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations, onset gestational age, bladder bleeding volume, clinical manifestations under bleeding, diagnosis, hemostatic methods, hospital stay, treatment cost, and prognosis, are presented. Two cases had bladder bleeding during the second trimester, respectively on the 22+3 and 23+5 weeks. Pregnancy was terminated timely. The other two cases had bladder bleeding on the 2nd day post near-term cesarean section when activity. All the four cases achieved successful hemostasis following angiography and concomitant embolization for iliac vessels, and one of them received electrocoagulation hemostasis under cystoscopy, but failed. They all had favorable clinical outcomes and had no long-term complications. The neonatal outcome in the two cases that bladder hemorrhage occurred after near-term c-section was good. The newborns did not survive in two cases in which bladder hemorrhage occurred at the second trimester of pregnancy. Timely termination of pregnancy is recommended when such a condition develops during gestation. Diagnosis of bladder bleeding is relatively easy, for it is characterized by fast speed and large volume, with concomitant distension of the lower abdomen, blood discharge from the urethral orifice, or the indwelling catheter. Interventional embolization is an effective means to treat bladder bleeding caused by placenta percreta, while electrocoagulation hemostasis under cystoscopy must be applied with great caution. For the pregnant women with a high risk of placenta percreta, timely and accurate diagnosis should be achieved during the gestational age, and bladder bleeding should be concerned when placenta penetrates through the anterior wall of uterus.

简介：With the advent of the era of big data, all areas are inevitably affected by the wave of big data. Different from the digital and information ages in the past, the field of literary research has also benefited from the development of big data, and the trend of Internet + literature has become more and more obvious. From the perspective of data visualization, we use four famous books as data sources to complete the combination of literary text and data visualization and use social network visualization tools to explore the development model of data visualization + literary text, and to construct a data visualization interactive platform. Our research results show that the application of big data in literary research is feasible, and it can carry out richer research based on current literary research.

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简介：摘要:本文结合《义务教育教科书 英语（PEP）》（三年级起点）修订版教材中，五下第四单元 “What can you do?” C部分故事教学为例，从“故事前提问、故事中问答、故事后拓展”三个方面着手，探究如何在小学英语故事教学中培养学生的问题意识，激活学生思维品质；设计多层次的教学活动，提升学生思维品质；鼓励学生学后思辨，培养批判性、创造性思维。