简介：Inthispaper,thedualmixedmethodforanunilateralproblem,whichisthesimplifiedmodellingofscalarfunctionforthefriction-freecontactproblem,isconsidered.Thedualmixedproblemisintroduced,theexistenceanduniqenessofthesolutionoftheproblemarepresented,anderrorboundsO(h^3/4)andO(h^3/2)areobtainedforthedualmixedfiniteelementapproximationsofRaviart-Thomaselementsfork=0andk=1respectively.

简介：Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ’ｓｔｈｅｏｒｅｍｒｅｖｅａｌｓｔｈｅｉｎｎｅｒｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｌａｗｓａｎｄｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｙｏｆｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ．Ｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｔｗｅｎｔ...

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简介：Byintroducingthegeneralizedquasi-symmetryoftheinfinitesimaltransformationfortransformationgroupG,,thispaperstudiestheconservationlawsandsymmetriesofdynamicalsystemswithunilateralconstraintsinphasespace.Noether’stheoremandNoether’sinversetheoremforme-chanicalsystemswithunilateralconstraintsinphasespaceareobtainedandtwokindsofequivalentformsofgeneralizedKillingequationswhichareusedtodeterminethe8eneratorsoftheinfinitesimalgrouptransformationaregiven.

简介：Objective:Toretrospectivelyanalyzetheeffectofunilateralexternalfixatorsinthetreatmentoflowerthirdhumeralshaftfractures.Methods:FromOctober1997toOctober2003,33patientsaged15-70years(average31years)withlowerthirdhumeralshaftfracturesweretreatedwithunilateralexternalfixators.Therewere9spiralfractures(typeA1),1obliquefracture(typeA2),3transversesfractures(typeA3)and20comminutedfractures(11typeB1,9typeB2)accordingtoAOclassification.Fifteencasesweretreatedwithopenreductionandlimitedinternalfixationandfixationwithexternalfixators,10casestreatedwithopenreductionandfixationwithexternalfixators,and8casestreatedwithclosedreductionandfixationwithexternalfixators.Nerveexplorationwasundertakenin9caseswithpreoperativeradialnerveinjury.Externalfixatorswereremovedafterbonehealing.Theaveragefollow-upwas18monthswitharangefrom8to24months.Results:Thetimeofbonehealingranged11-22weeks(average14weeks).Thelatestfollow-upshowedthefunctionsof9casesofpreoperativeradialnerveinjuryandof2casespostoperativeradialnerveinjuryandthefunctionofelbowwererecoveredtonormal.Therewereonly7casesofsuperficialinfectionatpinhole,whichwassubsidedbyusingoralantibioticsandpin-holecarewithmilddisinfectants.Conclusions:Fixationwithunilateralexternalfixatorscombinedwithopenreductionandlimitedinternalfixationhasagoodeffectinthetreatmentoflowerthirdhumeralshaftfractures.

简介：摘要ObjectiveTo establish the local data on the growth of ear in Hong Kong children and provide a reference for the timing of reconstruction in unilateral microtia.MethodsWe reviewed case notes of paediatric patients up to 18 years of age who had attended our Ear, Nose and Throat Out-patient Clinic from March to November 2017. We recorded the pinna length of these patients and that of their parents, compared the patients’ ear length against that of their parents, and investigated any discrepancy of pinna.ResultsWe recruited 226 local individuals (139 males and 87 females). The patients were divided into different age groups. The means of ear length of patients were compared with the mean length of pinna of their parents. Data of boys and girls are analyzed separately. Boys at 7－8 years old achieved 87.33% and 93.54% of their fathers’ and mothers’ ear length respectively. Girls at 7－8 years old achieved 83.00% and 90.80% of their fathers’ and mothers’ ear length respectively. Moreover, the average ratio of the length of left and right ear ratio is 97.3% in all groups of children.ConclusionsIn Hong Kong children, at the age of 7－8 the ear approaches the size of normal adult ear and is the feasible age with less asymmetry after reconstruction of the microtia.

简介：为有单方的holonomic限制的机械系统的对称和断热的invariants的不安被学习。准确在由为有单方的限制的一个没受到干扰的系统的特殊谎言对称的Hojmanled形式不变被给。Basedon这个概念高顺序断热机械系统不变，为在小骚乱的行动下面的系统的Liesymmetries的不安被调查，并且一新断热为有单方的holonomic限制的系统不变被获得，它能是calledHojman断热不变。最后纸，一个例子被给说明结果的申请。

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigateeffectoffeetorientationontheevaluationoftheposturalstabilityinpatientswithunilateralvestibularhypofunction(UVH)bytimedstandingtestsandstaticposturography(SPG).Methods65subjectswithUVHand92healthysubjectsregardedascontrolgrouptooktheposturalstabilitytestsinfourdifferentstancesincluding(1)standardRombergtest,(2)feet-apartstancetest,(3)tandemand(4)unilateralstandingtests.Ineachstance,theposturalstabilitywasmeasuredinbotheyesopen(EO)andeyesclosed(EC)conditions.Theaveragetimethatsubjectskeptbalancebeforefallingineachtestconditionswasrecordedbystopwatchasthetimedresult.Inaddition,theswayvelocity(SV)ofcenteroffootpressureintheuprightstanceduringstandardRombergtestandfeetapartstance,regardedasposturalstability,wasalsorecordedasSPG.Results(1)Thebalance-maintainingtimeoftheUVHgroupintandemandunilateralstandingwithEOandECwasdecreased(P<0.001)comparedwiththecontrolgroup.(2)TheSVsduringstandardRombergtestandfoot-apartstancewithEOwerenotdifferentbetweentheUVHgroupandcontrolgroup(P=0.118and0.110respectively),butsignificantwithECcondition(P<0.001).(3)Forbothgroups,theSVduringfoot-apartstandingwasshorterthanstandardRombergtestbothwithEOandEC(P<0.05andP<0.001).(4)TherewasnocorrelationbetweenthebalancetimeandSVforeithergroups(P>0.05).ConclusionsTheresultssuggestthatthetandemandunilateralstancetestsmayprovideadditionalinformationabouttheuprightstancetotheSPGmeasurementinpatientswithUVH.TheeffectoffeetorientationonSPGmeasurementsshouldbeconsidered.

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简介：Wegiveanexistenceresultoftheobstacleparabolicequations(b(x,u))/(t)-div(a(x,t,u,▽u))+div(φ(x,t,u))=finQ_T,whereb(x,u)isboundedfunctionofu,theterm-div(a(x,t,u,▽u))isaLeray-Lionstypeoperatorandthefunctionφisanonlinearlowerorderandsatisfyonlythegrowthcondition.ThesecondtermfbelongstoL~1(Q_T).Theproofofanexistencesolutionisbasedonthepenalizationmethods.

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简介：MeisymmetryandMeiconservedquantityforanon-holonomicsystemofnon-Chetaev'stypewithunilateralconstraintsintheNielsenstylearestudied.Thedifferentialequationsofmotionforthesystemaboveareestablished.ThedefinitionandthecriteriaofMeisymmetry,conditions,andexpressionsofMeiconservedquantitydeduceddirectlyfromtheMeisymmetryaregiven.Anexampleisgiventoillustratetheapplicationoftheresults.

简介：AIMTo比较在两个的灌注由使用光连贯断层摄影术angiography(OCTA)与正常控制组一起单方的自发的有斑点的洞(IMH)看的眼的神经头(ONH)并且调查它的correlationship，有斑点的血perfusion.METHODSWe表现了包括了19个病人与的未来、代表性的研究完整厚度单方IMH和24匹配年龄、匹配性的控制。所有参加者收到了OCTA测试。ONH灌注被peripapillary和全部的区域在脸(peripapillary和眼的圆盘的和)评估。在ONH和parafovea之间的潜在的correlationship被暗示。所有数据用介绍的ONH的nonparametrictest.RESULTSThe平均数值被执行那正常控制>IMH>未受影响的眼睛。一个统计变化在这个区域在三个组之间被发现时间(P=0.007)。容器密度著名地在层上减少了表面，深并且在IMH的parafovea区域的脉络膜组。关联词系数在脸和深视网膜完全分别地显示出那：r=0.528，peripapillary和深视网膜：r=0.525，在脸和choriocapillaries整个：r=0.569，peripapillary和choriocapillaries：r=0.504.CONCLUSIONOur学习在IMH眼睛在IMH病人和ONH的容器密度的两只眼睛表明减少的ONH容器密度断然在parafoveal与毛状的视网膜和choriocapillary被相关。容器密度的减小可以在IMH眼睛显示hypoperfusion。

简介：在那些之中的服务和它有在一张农村南方印第安人population.METHODSA人口的单方的视觉缺陷(VI)的联系因素基于代表性的学习的眼睛照顾的利用上的AIMTo报告处于AndhraPradesh的状态在三个区域(Adilabad，Mahbubnagar和西方Godavari)被进行，印度。详细会见和全面眼睛考试被进行。那些关于在视觉并且在眼睛照顾服务的利用上注意任何变化与单方的VI被问问题。参加者为不利用服务报导的最重要的原因被用于分析。多重逻辑回归模型被用来检验在在象4456个参加者变老的VI.RESULTSAmong的住处，严厉和原因的年龄，性，教育和区域那样的视觉和socio人口统计的变量注意一个变化之间的协会16y被管理问询表，53.2%是女人，并且54.7%没有教育。489(11%；95%CI：10.1-11.9)有单方的VI的人，399(81.6%)参加者报导了在最后五年在他们的视觉注意一个变化但是仅仅136(34.1%)参加者寻求了眼睛照顾咨询。有任何教育的那些(或：1.9；95%CI：1.1-3.2)，有的盲目(或：2.7；95%CI：1.4-5.2)，并且奔流(或：2.1；95%CI：1.0-4.3)因为单方的VI的一个原因是相似的更多寻求，看照顾咨询。为不寻求眼睛照顾服务的最通常报导的原因是没有钱因为在30.7%参加者的眼睛检查列在后面由没有一个严重问题(30.0%)农村人口的大比例不过注意了的.CONCLUSIONA在他们的视觉的一个变化没寻求眼睛照顾由于金融并且人相关的原因。眼睛照顾服务供应商需要这些障碍到地址与单方的VI在那些之中提高眼睛照顾服务的举起。