简介:Asthekeypointinsexhormoneanalysis,samplepre-treatmenttechnologyhasattractedscientists’attentionallovertheworld,andthedevelopmenttrendofsamplepreparationforwardedtofasterandmoreefficienttechnologies.Takingeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsintoaccount,subcriticalfluidextractionasafasterandmoreefficientmethodhasstoodoutasasamplepre-treatmenttechnology.Thisnewextractiontechnologycanovercometheshortcomingsofsupercriticalfluidandachievehigherextractionefficiencyatrelativelylowpressuresandtemperatures.Inthisexperiment,asimple,sensitiveandefficientmethodhasbeendevelopedforthedeterminationofdiethylstilbestrol(DES)infishtissueusingsubcritical1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a)extractionincombinationwithgaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS).Afterextraction,freezing-lipidfiltrationwasutilizedtoremovefattyco-extract.FurtherpurificationstepswereperformedwithC18andNH2solidphaseextraction(SPE).Finally,theanalytewasderivedbyheptafluorobutyricanhydride(HFBA),followedbyGC-MSanalysis.Responsesurfacemethodology(RSM)wasemployedtooptimizingtheextractioncondition,andtheoptimizedwasasfollows:extractionpressure,4.3MPa;extractiontemperature,26℃;amountofco-solventvolume,4.7mL.Underthiscondition,ataspikedlevelof1,5,10μgkg-1,themeanrecoveryofDESwasmorethan90%withrelativestandarddeviations(RSDs)lessthan10%.Finally,thedevelopedmethodhasbeensuccessfullyusedtoanalyzingtherealsamples.
简介:Codfishisakindofabyssalfishspecieswithagreatvalueinfoodindustry.However,theflavorofcodfish,especiallytheunpleasantodor,hascausedseriousproblemsinitsprocessing.Toaccuratelyidentifythevolatilecompoundsincodfish,acombinationofsolidphasemicro-extraction(SPME)methodandsimultaneousdistillationextraction(SDE)methodwasusedtoextractthevolatiles.Gaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)alongwithKovatsindices(KI)andauthenticstandardcompoundswereusedtoidentifythevolatiles.Theresultsshowedthatatotalof86volatilecompoundswereidentifiedincodfish,ofthem24wereextractedbySDE,69compoundsbySPME,and10compoundsbybothSDEandSPME.Seventyvolatilecompoundswerefoundtohavespecificodors,ofthem7typicalcompoundscontributedsignificantlytotheflavorofcodfish.Alcohols(i.e.,(E)-2-penten-1-oland2-octanol),esters(i.e.,ethylbutyrateandmethylgeranate),aldehydes(i.e.,2-dodecenalandpentadecanal)contributedthemosttofreshflavorwhilenitrogencompounds,sulphurcompounds,furans,aswellassomeketones(i.e.,2-hydroxy-3-pentanone)broughtunpleasantodor,suchasfishyandearthyodor.ItwasindicatedthatthecombinationofmultipleextractionmethodsandGC-MSanalysiscanenhancetheaccuracyofidentification,andprovideareferenceforthefurtherstudyonflavorofaquaticproducts.
简介:无齿螳臂相手蟹是长江口潮间带和潮上带的优势种之一,具有重要的生态功能。为探求无齿螳臂相手蟹不同阶段的异速生长和成熟状况,于2009年10月至2010年9月期间采集样本,通过聚类和分段线性回归等分析方法对雌雄蟹头胸甲、螯、腹部等形态数据进行分析,建立区别不同生长阶段的判别函数并用逻辑斯蒂回归估计其50%形态成熟点。结果如下:雌雄蟹50%形态成熟点分别为头胸甲宽18.22mm和16.36mm。雄蟹的螯宽和雌蟹的腹宽均表现出明显的异速生长;根据相对生长率的不同,雄蟹异速生长可分为三个阶段,雌蟹分为两个阶段;不成熟的雄蟹异速生长拐点发生在壳宽11.78mm,不成熟和成熟雌蟹腹部在壳宽13.04~18.64mm范围内重叠。同时研究了50%的生理成熟大小,雌雄成熟大小分别为17.50mm,17.20mm。雄性形态成熟大小小于生理成熟大小,而雌性则相反。
简介:测定了相手蟹属(Sesarma)红螯相手蟹(S.haematocheir)和褶痕相手蟹(S.plicata)线粒体16SrRNA基因部分片段的序列,二者的序列长度相同,均为533bp,且A、T、G、C的含量相似,分别为198bp(37.1%),206bp(38.6%),84bp(15.8%),45bp(8.4%)和200bp(37.5%),205bp(38.5%),81bp(15.2%),47bp(8.8%);二者的序列有49处差异,其中21个位点为转换、22个位点为颠换和6个缺失/插入位点。进一步对20种相手蟹属蟹类的长度为361bp的16SrRNA基因同源序列进行分析,发现AT的含量为78.6%~82.9%,明显高于GC的含量,且存有91个变异位点。从NJ树和遗传距离来看,在分布于中国的3种相手蟹中,无齿相手型(S.dehaani)和红螯相手蟹的亲缘关系最近(d=0.0151),而它们与褶痕相手蟹的亲缘关系则较远(d=0.0924/0.09231。分布于中国的相手蟹和分布于北美的相手蟹之间存在着较大的遗传距离(差异),表明它们之间有着较远的亲缘关系,互为单系起源。
简介:经过对“探宝号”调查船在2001年8月在南海东北部陆坡及台湾南部恒春海脊海域采集的多道地震剖面资料进行的地震反射波数据分析、研究和解释,结果表明:(1)南海东北部陆坡段区域和台湾南部恒春海脊海域地震剖面上均显示有被作为天然气水合物存在标志的BSR,但两区域构造成因、形式和相关地质环境的不同造成了此两处的天然气水合物成因及过程的不同。(2)南海东北部陆坡区域的水合物形成与该区广泛发育的断裂带、滑塌构造体及其所形成的压力场屏蔽环境有关,而台湾南部恒春海脊海域的天然气水合物的形成则与马尼拉海沟俯冲带相关的逆冲推覆构造、增生楔等及其所对应的海底流体疏导体系有关。(3)南海陆缘区域广泛发育有各种断裂带、滑塌构造体、泥底辟、俯冲带、增生楔等,且温压环境合适,是天然气水合物矿藏极有可能广泛分布的区域。