简介：ＴＨＥＣＥＲＶＩＸＭＵＬＴＩ－ＶＩＲＵＳＥＳＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＴＨＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＣＥＲＶＩＣＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＳＺｈａｎｇＷｅｉ张伟；ＪｉｎＳｎｕｎｑｉａｎ金顺钱；ＬｉｕＢｏｑｉ刘伯齐；ＬｉａｎｓＸｉａｏ梁肖；ＭｉｎｇＬｉｈｕ...

简介：Objective:Photoacoustic(PA)tomography(PAT)hasattractedextensiveinterestbecauseofitsopticalabsorptioncontrastandultrasonicdetection.ThisstudyaimstodevelopabiocompatibleandbiodegradablePAcontrastagentparticularlypromisingforclinicalapplicationsinhumanbody.Methods:Inthisstudy,wepresentedaPAcontrastagent:1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)](DSPE-PEG)-coatedsuperparamagneticironoxide(SPIO)nanoparticles(NPs)loadedwithindocyaninegreen(ICG).WeusedICGandSPIONPsbecausebothdrugsareapprovedbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.Giventhestrongabsorptionofnear-infraredlaserpulses,SPIO@DSPE-PEG/ICGNPswithauniformdiameterof~28nmcouldsignificantlyenhancePAsignals.Results:WedemonstratedthecontrastenhancementoftheseNPsinphantomandanimalexperiments,inwhichtheinvivocirculationtimeofSPIO@DSPE-PEG/ICGNPswasconsiderablylongerthanthatoffreeICG.ThesenovelNPsalsodisplayedahighefficiencyoftumortargeting.Conclusions:SPIO@DSPE-PEG/ICGNPsarepromisingPATcontrastagentsforclinicalapplications.

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简介：恶性肿瘤是一种全身性疾病，可累及多个器官和系统，具有发病隐匿、进展快、死亡率和复发率高、治疗费用大等特点，其临床治疗方法多种多样，各种新疗法、新药物不断涌现，但目前尚未有一种特别有效的方法能完全治愈肿瘤，面对众多的治疗手段，如何找到最优化的综合治疗方案、如何制订最佳诊疗策略是肿瘤临床亟待解决的问题。

简介：Objective:Multiplemechanismsunderlyingthedevelopmentofportalveintumorthrombus(PVTT)inhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)havebeenreportedrecently.However,theoriginsofPVTTremainunknown.Increasingmulti-omicsdataonPVTTsinHCCshavemadeitpossibletoinvestigatewhetherPVTTsoriginatefromthecorrespondingprimarytumors(Ts).Methods:TheclonalrelationshipbetweenPVTTsandtheircorrespondingprimaryTswasinvestigatedusingdatasetsdepositedinpublicdatabases.OneDNAcopynumbervariationsdatasetandthreegeneexpressiondatasetsweredownloadedfortheanalyses.ClonalityanalysiswasperformedtoinvestigatetheclonalrelationshipbetweenPVTTsandTsfromanindividualpatient.DifferentialgeneexpressionanalysiswasappliedtoinvestigatethegeneexpressionprofilesofPVTTsandTs.Results:Oneoutof19PVTTshadnoclonalrelationshipwithitscorrespondingT,whereastheothersdid.ThePVTTswithindependentclonaloriginshoweddifferentgeneexpressionandenrichmentinbiologicalprocessesfromtheprimaryTs.Basedontheuniquegeneexpressionprofiles,agenesignatureincluding24geneswasusedtoidentifypairsofPVTTsandprimaryTswithoutanyclonalrelationship.ValidationinthreedatasetsshowedthatthesetypesofpairsofPVTTsandTscanbeidentifiedbythe24-genesignature.Conclusions:OurfindingsshowadirectevidenceforPVTToriginandconsolidatetheheterogeneityofPVTTsobservedinclinic.TheresultssuggestthatPVTTinvestigationatamolecularlevelisclinicallynecessaryfordiagnosisandtreatment.

简介：低级别胶质瘤是常见的颅内肿瘤，虽然常被认为是良性肿瘤，但低级别胶质瘤患者临床预后差异极大．而且世界范围内对于低级别胶质瘤的治疗仍有较大争议。是否所有低级别胶质瘤都需要手术治疗？手术后是否需要辅以放疗？化疗是否必要？化疗能否替代放射治疗？还需要多中心大样本的前瞻性研究获得证据。而深入了解低级别胶质瘤的分子生物学特征，采用适当的技术显示其恶性进展的特征对治疗决策十分有用。

简介：Objective:ToevaluatethefeasibilityofDNAimagecytometry(DNA-ICM)asaprimaryscreeningmethodforesophagealsquamouscellcancer(ESCC).Methods:Atotalof5,382localresidentsaged40–69yearsfromthreehigh-riskareasinChina(LinzhouinHenanprovince,FeichenginShandongprovinceandCixianinHebeiprovince)from2008to2011wererecruitedinthispopulation-basedscreeningstudy.And2,526subjectsdeclinedtoreceiveendoscopicbiopsyexaminationwithLugol'siodinestaining,while9and815subjectswereexcludedfromliquid-basedcytologyandDNA-ICMtestrespectivelyduetoslidequality.Finally,2,856,5,373and4,567subjectswereenrolledintheanalysisforendoscopicbiopsyexamination,liquid-basedcytologyandDNA-ICMtest,respectively.Sensitivity(SE),specificity(SP),negativepredictivevalues(NPV)andpositivepredictivevalues(PPV)aswellastheir95%confidenceintervals(95%CI)forDNA-ICM,liquid-basedcytologyandthecombinationofthetwomethodswerecalculated.Receiveroperatingcharacteristic(ROC)curveswereappliedtodeterminethecutoffpointofDNA-ICMforesophagealcancer.Results:DNA-ICMresultsweresignificantlycorrelativewithesophagealcancerandprecancerlesions(χ~2=18.016,P<0.001).Thecutoffpointswere5,802,5,803and8,002basedondissimilarpathologicaltypesoflowgradeintraepithelialneoplasia(LGIN),highgradeintraepithelialneoplasia(HGIN),andESCC,respectively,and5,803waschoseninthisstudyconsideringtheSEandSP.TheSE,SP,PPV,NPVofDNA-ICMtest(cutoffpoint5,803)combinedwithliquid-basedcytology[thresholdatypicalsquamouscellsofundeterminedsignificance(ASCUS)]wereseparately72.1%(95%CI:70.3%-73.9%),43.3%(95%CI:41.3%-45.3%),22.8%(95%CI:21.1%-24.5%)and87.0%(95%CI:85.7%-88.3%)forLGIN,85.7%(95%CI:84.3%-87.1%),41.3%(95%CI:39.3%-43.3%),4.6%(95%CI:3.8%-5.4%)and98.9%(95%CI:98.5%-99.3%)forHGIN,and96.0%(95%CI:95.2%-96.8%),40.8%(95%CI:38.8%-42.8%),1.7%(95%CI:1.2%-2.2%)and99.9%

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheinvitrocleavageabilityandeffectsonapoptosisandcellgrowthofthebcr-ablfusiongenespecificmulti-unitribozymes.Methods:Threefusionpointspecificribozymesweredesignedandthemulti-unitribozymes'invitrotranscriptionvectorandretroviralvectorwereconstructed.Theinvitrocleavageabilitywastested.TheretroviralvectorwastransfectedintoK562cellandtheeffectsonproliferation,apoptosis,cellcycleandcellstructurewereobserved.Results:Multi-unitribozymeshadinvitrocleavageefficiencyof70.8%,whichwasmoreefficientthansingle-unitanddouble-unitribozymes.TransfectionoftheretroviralvectoroftheribozymeintoK562cells,inducedinhibitionofcellgrowthandapoptosis.TheincorporationrateofDNAinribozymestransfectedK562cellswasgreatlydecreasedalongwithtimepassed,withaninhibitionrateofmorethan50%after96hoftransfection.UnderFCM,18.4%ofthecellsunderwentapoptosis72haftertransfectionandmorecellswereblockedinGphase,withtheratioinSphasegreatlydecreased(41.9%).Underelectronmicroscope,compactionofnuclearchromatinandapoptosisbodieswereobserved.Conclusion:Multi-unitribozymesspecifictobcr-ablfusiongenecanbeusedtotreatCMLandtopurgebonemarrowforself-grafting.

简介：内分泌治疗在乳腺癌辅助治疗中具有重要地位，毒副反应较轻，有利于长期治疗，中国乳腺癌临床实践指南（cNCCN）对可切除早期乳腺癌术后辅助治疗原则有详细阐述，但临床使用中还会面临某些具体问题。本文结合临床实践中乳腺癌术后辅助内分泌治疗所面临的实际问题和治疗决策，分析在临床实践中如何科学运用指南和解决某些重要的指南内外的具体问题。

简介：以手术为主的综合治疗使胶质瘤的疗效有了明显提高,但由于胶质瘤具有侵袭性生长特性或位于脑重要功能区,即使神经导航显微手术也难以真正彻底切除肿瘤;又由于胶质瘤存在放疗抗拒和/或对化疗药物耐药,术后放/化疗尚不能全部杀灭残余的肿瘤细胞。近来胶质瘤的生物治疗发展迅速,已进入临床试验,可望对胶质瘤的治疗有巨大推动和突破。临床上,即使是相同病理类型和级别的胶质瘤,治疗效果存在很大差异。如低级别的胶质瘤(WHOI-Ⅱ级),多数病人治疗效果良好,但有部分患者易于恶变、复发;此外,同样是胶母细胞瘤,有部分患者可以达到5年以上生存。因此,在胶质瘤的临床治疗实践中,如何根据肿瘤的特征和患者的具体情况,合理地选择和制定个体化的治疗方案,提高疗效,是神经肿瘤医师必须考虑的现实问题。目

简介：写给读者的话：我们听到了一些朋友对我们登在第一期的文章的反馈。谢谢大家的关注。我想特别强调一点，我写这一组文章的意图，是想表达作为患者和家属，我们要理智地面对疾病，了解它，研究它，积极地参与和配合医生的诊断治疗决策和实施。眼下，社会上对于医院和医生的妖魔化倾向严重，医患关系成为一个非常敏感的问题，我们看到许多对于医生的指控是以偏概全不符合事实的。但是，医院医生家属患者的行为确实都有许多值得反思的地方。医患关系的维护和声誉，需要建立在彼此信任和理解的基础上。

简介：手术后．最焦急的是等待病理报告。手术本身非常成功，但是凭手术大夫的经验感觉还是发生了转移，另外隔肌上面出于安全考虑，并没有完全清除干净。送检的切除物有纵隔肿瘤、右肺上叶、右肺中叶、隔肌上结节。

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