简介：当一个中等稳定的阶段在内部反应期间外面被猛抛时，在散开地区以内的渗透的原子的行为能基于热力学的考虑被解释。在Ni-Cr合金at1125℃的内部nitridation期间向降水前面通过矩阵为“登高”证实渗透的种类的散开，6000块N_2压力被预言。氮的如此的行为对在瓦格纳的边界条件相反“对内部反应的s描述。与降水反应联系的一个体积变化导致了在合金表面和internalnitridation前面之间的一个压力坡度。应力消除主要由镍的运输发生了到气体/金属的接口。管子控制散开creep在nitriding期间是主导的压力住所机制冲淡在在流动NH_3+H_2煤气的混合物下面的700℃的Ni-Cr合金。

简介：有比100mm小的一条直径的微型涡轮泵在许多地里被采用；汽车散热器泵，室帮助泵，为电的设备的冷却的泵，洗衣机泵等等。进一步，对微型涡轮泵的需要将为电的机器随它的申请的增加变得更大。微型涡轮泵设计由于限制是尽可能简单的做精确制造，是合乎需要的。但是因为为这些小型的液体机械的内部流动条件没被澄清，常规理论不为小型的泵是传导性的，为微型涡轮泵的设计方法没被建立。有不同插头角度的转子的三种类型为一个实验和数字分析作好准备。表演测试与这些转子被进行以便在性能和微型涡轮泵的内部流动状况上调查片插头角度的效果。它从到更大的流动的那头微型涡轮泵增加和最大的效率流动率移动根据片插头角度的增加评估的试验性的结果被澄清，然而，最大的效率随它的增加减少。在现在的纸，微型涡轮泵的表演被显示出，内部流动条件与实验和数字流动分析的结果被澄清。而且，表演上的片插头角度的效果被调查，有为微型涡轮泵的简单结构的高效设计将被考虑。

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简介：Penetrationdepth,spraydispersionangle,dropletsizesinbreakupprocessesandatomizationprocessesareveryimportantparametersincombustorofair-breathingengine.Theseprocesseswillenhanceair/fuelmixinginsidethecombustor.Experimentalresultsfromthepulsedair-assistliquidjetinjectedintoacross-flowareinvestigated.Andexperimentswereconductedtoarangeofcross-flowvelocitiesfrom42～136m/s.Airisinjectedwith0～300kPa,withair-assistpulsationfrequencyof0～20Hz.Pulsationfrequencywasmodulatedbysolenoidvalve.PhaseDopplerParticleAnalyzer(PDPA)wasutilizedtoquantitativelymeasuringdropletcharacteristics.High-speedCCDcamerawasusedtoobtaininjectedspraystructure.Pulsedair-assistliquidjetwillofferrapidmixingandgoodliquidjetpenetration.Air-assistmakesaveryfinedropletwhichgeneratedmist-likespray.Pulsedair-assistliquidjetwillintroduceadditionalsupplementaryturbulentmixingandcontrolofpenetrationdepthintoacross-flowfield.Theresultsshowthatpulsationfrequencyhasaneffectonpenetration,transversevelocitiesanddropletsizes.Theexperimentaldatageneratedinthesestudiesareusedforadevelopmentofactivecontrolstrategiestooptimizetheliquidjetpenetrationinsubsoniccross-flowconditionsandpredictcombustionlowfrequencyinstability.

简介：Avariablecoefficient,rotation-modifiedextendedKortweg-deVries(vReKdV)modelisappliedtothestudyoftheSouthChinaSea(SCS),withfocusontheeffectsofthehigh-order(cubic)nonlinearityandtherotationonthedisintegrationprocessoflarge-amplitude(170m)InternalSolitaryWaves(ISWs)andthesemi-diurnalinternaltidepropagatingfromthedeepbasinstationtotheslopeandshelfregionsinacontinuouslystratifiedsystem.Thenumericalsolutionsshowthatthehigh-ordernonlinearitysigni-ficantlyaffectsthewaveprofilebyincreasingthewaveamplitudeandthephasespeedinthesimulatedarea.ItisshownthattheinitialKdV-typeISWwilldecayfasterwhentherotationdispersionisconsidered,howeverthewaveprofiledoesnotchangesignificantlyandtherotationeffectisnotimportant.Thesimulationsofthesemi-diurnalinternaltideindicatethatthephaseofthewaveprofileisshiftedearlierwhentherotationeffectisincluded.Asolitarywavepacketemergesontheshelf,andthewavespeedisalsogreaterwhenconsideringtherotationdispersion.Inaddition,theeffectsofthebackgroundcurrentsarediscussedfurtherinthispaper.ItisfoundthatthebackgroundcurrentsgenerallychangethemagnitudeandoccasionallychangethesignofthenonlinearcoefficientsinthenorthernSCS.

简介：AbstractBackground:Blister-like aneurysms (BLAs) on the supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are an enigma of cerebrovascular disease. Neither has a definite pathogenesis been so far identified, nor have uniform treatment guidelines been established for them. Our aim was to develop a hypothesis regarding the evolution of BLAs according to their macroscopic morphologies and to evaluate the efficacy of microsurgical clipping.Methods:The clinical data and morphological features of 15 consecutive patients with 16 BLAs on the supraclinoid ICA were retrospectively reviewed. The treatment strategies were analyzed, and functional outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Favorable outcomes were defined as a mRS score of 0-2.Results:Morphologically, aneurysm growth with expansion of the aneurysm neck before the surgical procedure occurred in two ruptured and one unruptured aneurysm. Daughter bleb formation was observed in two ruptured and five unruptured aneurysms. A varied degree of parent artery sclerosis was observed in nine patients. Thirteen patients were treated with direct surgical clipping, one patient was treated with clipping and wrapping, and the remaining patient was treated with an encircling clipping graft. Favorable and unfavorable outcomes were observed in 13 and two cases, respectively. Follow-up angiograms revealed 4 cases of stenosis with respective degree of mild, 30%, 50%, and 80% without any neurological dysfunction.Conclusions:We suggest a hypothesis that BLAs on the supraclinoid ICA may share different evolving mechanisms between ruptured and unruptured lesions. A majority of them can be reliably and safely obliterated by direct clipping technique, except for the aneurysms accompanied with severely atherosclerotic parent walls.

简介：Thispaperprovidesanumericalanalysismodelofunsteadyheattrans-ferinpiston-linersetofaninternalcombustionengine.Themodelsimulatestheun-steadyheattransferprocessamongthecombustionmixture,pistonset,lubricantfilm,linerandcoolantinawholeenginecycle,andcanpredictthetemperaturefluc-tuationanddistributiononpistoncrown,innersurfaceofliner,pistonringandthelubricantfilm.Acomputerprogramisdevelopedtocalculatetheunsteadyheattrans-ferprocessofpiston-linersysteminawater-cooleddieselengine.

简介：ThispaperreportstheinternalstructuresoftheBeichuanfaultzoneofLongmenshanfaultsystemthatcausedthe2008Wenchuanearthquake,atanoutcropinHongkou,Sichuanprovince,China.PresentworkisapartofcomprehensiveprojectofInstituteofGeology,ChinaEarthquakeAdministration,tryingtounderstanddeformationprocessesinLongmenshanfaultzonesandeventuallytoreproduceWenchuanearthquakebymodelingbasedonmeasuredmechanicalandtransportproperties.Outcropstudiescouldbeintegratedwiththoseperformedonsamplesrecoveredfromfaultzonedrilling,duringtheWenchuanEarthquakeFaultScientificDrilling(WFSD)Project,tounderstandalong-faultanddepthvariationoffaultzoneproperties.Thehangingwallsideofthefaultzoneconsistsofweakly-foliated,clayeyfaultgougeofabout1minwidthandofseveralfaultbrecciazonesof30-40mintotalwidth.Wecouldnotfindanypseudotachyliteatthisoutcrop.DisplacementduringtheWenchuanearthquakeishighlylocalizedwithinthefaultgougelayeralongnarrowerslipping-zonesofabout10to20mminwidth.Thisisanimportantconstraintforanalyzingthermalpressurization,animportantdynamicweakeningmechanismoffaults.Overlappingpatternsofstriationsonslickensidesurfacesuggestthatseismicslipatagiventimeoccurredinevennarrowerzoneofafewtoseveralmillimeters,sothatlocalizationofdeformationmusthaveoccurredwithinaslippingzoneduringcoseismicfaultmotion.Faultbrecciazonesareboundedbythinblackgougelayerscontainingamorphouscarbon.Faultgougecontainsilliteandchloriteminerals,butnotsmectite.Clayeyfaultgougenexttocoseismicslippingzonealsocontainsamorphouscarbonandsmallamountsofgraphite.ThestructuralobservationsandmineralogicaldataobtainedfromoutcropexposuresofthefaultzoneoftheWenchuanearthquakecanbecomparedwiththoseobtainedfromtheWFSD-1andWFSD-2boreholes,whichhavebeendrilledveryclosetotheHongkououtcrop.Thepresenceofcarbonandgr

简介：Amulti-loopadaptiveinternalmodelcontrol(IMC)strategybasedonadynamicpartialleastsquares(PLS)frame-workisproposedtoaccountforplantmodelerrorscausedbyslowaging,driftinoperationalconditions,orenvironmentalchanges.SincePLSdecompositionstructureenablesmulti-loopcontrollerdesignwithinlatentspaces,amultivariableadaptivecontrolschemecanbeconvertedeasilyintoseveralindependentunivariablecontrolloopsinthePLSspace.Ineachlatentsubspace,oncethemodelerrorexceedsaspecificthreshold,onlineadaptationrulesareimplementedseparatelytocorrecttheplantmodelmismatchviaarecursiveleastsquares(RLS)algorithm.BecausetheIMCextractstheinverseoftheminimumpartoftheinternalmodelasitsstructure,theIMCcontrollerisself-tunedbyexplicitlyupdatingtheparameters,whicharepartsoftheinternalmodel.Bothparameterconvergenceandsystemstabilityarebrieflyanalyzed,andprovedtobeeffective.Finally,theproposedcontrolschemeistestedandevaluatedusingawidely-usedbenchmarkofamulti-inputmulti-output(MIMO)systemwithpuredelay.

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简介：TheannualenergyconferencewasheldinBeijingonJan.5-10,1991.About300leadingenergyofficialsandexpertsat-tendedtheconferenceatwhichenergyindustrydevelopmentplanupto1995washammeredout,withproductiontargetsget,waystoraiseefficiencyfinalizedandmoregovernmentfinanceconsid-ered.AccordingtothespokesmanoftheMinistryrevealedonthepressreleasethatintwoyearssincetheestablishmentoftheMinis-tryofEnergy,undertheleadershipoftheStateCouncilandtheguidelineofeconomicreformandconsolidation,energyindustryhas

简介：Formulatedaresimplemodelsfortheflowinliquidfilm,formedbyimpingingjet,andatwo-phasedownwardflowinpipe.Themodelsarebasedonsimplifiedequationsofmass,momentumandenergy.thesolutionofsuchconservationequationsmayhaveregularpointsbelongingtooneintegralcurveonlyaswellasturningpointscanbefoundamongstthem.Whichrefertoextremevaluesintheappropriateco-ordinatesystem.Thesolutionscanalsohavesingularpointsbelongingtononeormorethanoneintegralcurve,Boththeturningandsingularpointshaveaclearphysicalmeaning.Theycouldbelinkedtocriticalflowconditionsinthepipeflowortotheso-calledhydraulicjump.Analogyexistingbetweencriticalconditionsinthepipeandtheflowofliquidfilmsformedbytheliquidjethavebeenshowninthepaper.

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简介：摘要: 围绕美国学者Edward William Dolch归纳总结的sight words展开探究，通过在小学六年级开展专门的sight words教学，把实验班和对照班在实验前后阅读效率测试的结果进行对比，旨在探究开展sight words教学对小学低年段学生英语阅读效率的影响。研究结果表明，在接受sight words教学后，学生的英语阅读效率得到提升。

简介：根据从北华南海的大陆人架上的温度链和一个声学的Doppler当前的剖析程序的时间系列观察，内部独居的波浪(ISW)和背景的一个序列飘动(BW，包括内部潮和在惯性附近的波浪)在大陆人上，架在2011年10月在台风Neast的运输以后同时被捕获。这些measurementsprovided在ISW上探索BW的影响的一个唯一的机会。BW出现了当前的力量和垂直模式结构上的变换在观察时期期间。BW被统治由弱并且在10月2日前的模式一个波浪然后在那时间以后转到强壮、高模式的波浪。同时，ISW与BW变化有关仔细在10月2日前后显示了不同波浪结构，它是。根据BW的当前的侧面，有强壮的电流的高模式的波浪结构能显著地加强垂直在近表面的层ISW砍并且支持碎ISW，并且因此，它可以在影响背景水流条件起一个重要作用。

简介：Concerningthetheoreticalestimationofinternalreorganizationenergycontributedbythetortionalmotionbetweenbiphenylandbiphenylanionradical,directcalculationofself-exchangeelectrontransferreactionwasinvestigated.Withtheintroductionofaproperaveragebondlengthandangleparameters,amultiplesteprelaxationNelsonmethodwasdevelopedtodealwiththetorsionalreorganizationenergyλt.pwithanapproximationofλt,1wasachieved.Theresultsof0.140and0.125eVoftorsionalreorganizationenergyforacross-reactionatthelevelsof4-31GandHP/DZP,respectively,areingoodagreenmentwiththevalueof0.13eVobtainedbyMilleretal.fromtheratemeasurements.ThisimpliestheefficiencyandvalidityofoourmethodtoestimatethereorganizationenergycontributedbypuretorisonalmotionofBp.