简介：AbstractPreoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, combined with total mesorectal excision, has become the standard treatment for advanced localized rectal cancer (RC). However, the biological complexity and heterogeneity of tumors may contribute to cancer recurrence and metastasis in patients with radiotherapy-resistant RC. The identification of factors leading to radioresistance and markers of radiosensitivity is critical to identify responsive patients and improve radiotherapy outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, and noncoding RNAs that affect various cellular and molecular targets. miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in multiple biological processes associated with RC. In this review, we summarized the signaling pathways of miRNAs, including apoptosis, autophagy, the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, proliferation, and metastasis during radiotherapy in patients with RC. Also, we evaluated the potential role of miRNAs as radiotherapeutic biomarkers for RC.

简介：Thecombinationofradiotherapy(RT)andfunction-preservingsurgeryisthemostusualcontemporaryapproachinthemanagementofsofttissuesarcomas(STS).Pre-andpostoperativeRTresultinsimilarlocalcontrolrates,asshownbyalandmarktrialinextremitySTS.Inthisreview,theroleofRTinthemanagementofextremitySTSwillbediscussed,butSTSinothersites,includingretroperitonealSTS,willalsobeaddressed.ThefocuswillconsidervariousaspectsofRTincludingstrategiestoreducethevolumeoftissuebeingirradiated,dose,scheduling,andthepossibleofomissionofRTinselectedcases.Finally,technologyadvancesthroughtheuseofintensity-modulatedradiotherapy(IMRT),image-guidedIMRT,intraoperativeradiotherapy(IORT)andparticletherapywillalsobediscussed.

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简介：Incomparisonwiththenormalpeoplegroup,valuesofbloodCD2+andCD4+inpa-tientswithmallgnanttumorstreatedwithradiotherapyandchemotherapyweresignificantlylowerandtheratioofCD助+andCD8+decreasedobviously（allP<0.001）;CD8+hadnoapparentchange（P>0.05）.Followingacupuncturaltreatment,valuesofCD2+,CD4+andtheratioofCD4+toCD8+increasedobviously（allP<0.001）;whilethoseofthemedicinalcontrolgrouphadnosignificantchangeaftertreatment（P>0.05）.ValuesofIgG,IgAandIgMinpatients’serumpresentedanabnormalde-creasingorincreasingtendency,andC3inminorityofpatientswereraised.ResultsindicatedthattherewasabiphasicregulatoryeffectofacupunctureonthedisturbanceofhumoralimmunityandcouldcorrectthedeviationofC3level;anditseffectwasbetterthanorsimilartothatofthemedicinecontrolgroup.Itdemonstratesthatacupuncturecanenhanceandregulate.theimmunefunctionofpa-tientstreatedwithradiotherapya

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简介：Inthemid1940s,RobertWilson(1)hypothesizedthatahighlylocalizeddepositionofenergyfromaprotonbeamcouldbeusedtoincreasetheradiationdosetotumorswhileminimizingradiationtoadjacentnormaltissues.Thedepthdosedistributionofaprotonbeamdifferssignificantlyfrom

简介：摘要：在中介或先进的胰腺的头癌上改进辩解的效果。方法：手术与intermediated或先进的胰腺的头癌在26个病人被动。在癌上与一根电子横梁与intraoperative放射疗法相结合的Cholecystojejunostomy或choledochojejunostomy从1996年5月被执行到1998年5月。同时，多功能的可植入的药交货系统的导管为手术后的灌注化疗经由胃与十二指肠的动脉被插入。结果：327月后续调查建议肿瘤在治疗的功课以后在不同的度缩小了。所有病人疼痛被减轻。6月、12月、24月的幸存率是100%，93.9%和20%分别地。5个死了的病人的平均幸存时间是17.8个月。结论：这操作是很完成与中介或先进的胰腺的头癌延长病人的生活。

简介：ＴＨＥＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＡＮＤＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＦＯＲＲＥＣＵＲＲＥＮＴＤＹＳＰＨＡＧＩＡＯＦＥＳＯＰＨＡＧＥＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＡＦＴＥＲＲＡＤＩＣＡＬＲＡＤＩＯＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＣｈｅｎＫｅｎｅｎｇ陈克能ＣｈｅｎｇＢａｎｇｃｈａｎｇ程邦昌Ｄｅｐａ...

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简介：客观：调查运动人工制品的影响在上三维(3D)重建体积和保角的放射疗法计划。方法：能沿着头部尾的方向模仿肺肿瘤的片断运动的一个幽灵被步进马达构造，聚乙烯和土豆的小球。十个不同扫描协议被设置，幽灵的CT数据被使用一台商业GELightSpeed16CT扫描仪获得。CT数据的3D重建被采用GEAdvantageSim6.0系统的显示卷的技术实现。在不同扫描协议的每个目标的重建的体积通过测量工具的3D被测量。因此，在动人的目标和静态的之间的重建体积的相对偏差是坚定的。三维的保角的放射治疗(3DCRT)计划和保角的地与计划系统(TPS)的WiMRT处理为一个静态/动人的目标被创造并且比较。结果:为一个静态的目标，当CT数据与不同程度和片被获得时，在3D重建卷之中没有明显的差别。3D重建体积和3D的外观一个动人的目标的保角的地与静态的的相当不同。最大的相对偏差为与不同扫描协议扫描的一个动人的目标是将近90%。相对偏差在不同目标之中是可变的，关于从-39.8%到89.5%为一个更小的目标并且从-18.4%到20.5%为更大的one.Conclusion:运动人工制品在3D-CRT计划和重建体积上有大效果，它将极大地为一个动人的目标导致弄歪的保角的放射域和假DVH。

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简介：对在中间风险、高风险的子宫内膜的癌症的辅助治疗的实践和结果的现在的模式客观。有从1999～2006的中间风险、高风险的子宫内膜的癌症的224个女人上的方法回顾的数据被考察。所有病人经历了外科的阶段。辅助治疗的模式，加化疗由骨盆的放射疗法，化疗，和放射疗法组成，被估计。3年、5年的疾病特定的幸存(决策支持系统)率用Kaplan-Meier方法被计算。结果处于5年的决策支持系统率的差别在辅助的组和非辅助的组之间是统计上重要的(80.65%对63.80%，P=0.040)。在经历了辅助治疗的110个高风险的病人，两5年的决策支持系统率和周期性的率独自与放射疗法相比在联合放射疗法和化疗组是显著地不同的，化疗独自组织(决策支持系统率，P=0.049；周期性的率，P=0.047)。在经历了辅助治疗的83个中间风险的女人，在联合放射疗法之中处于5年的决策支持系统率和复发率没有重要差别，化疗，独自一个的放射疗法和化疗独自组织(决策支持系统率，P=0.776；周期性的率，P=0.937)。加化疗的结论辅助放射疗法在高风险的子宫内膜的癌症病人独自与独自一个的放射疗法和化疗相比与更高5年的决策支持系统率和更低的复发率被联系。有中间风险的子宫内膜的癌症的病人可能不是可能的得益于辅助联合放射疗法和化疗。

简介：PURPOSE:Weinvestigatethepatternsoffailureinthetreatmentofglioblastoma(GBM)basedonclinicaltargetvolume(CTV)marginsize,dosedeliveredtothesiteofinitialfailure,andtheuseoftemozolomideandintensity-modulatedradiotherapy(IMRT).METHODS:BetweenAugust2000andMay2010,161patientswithGBMweretreatedwithradiotherapywithorwithoutconcurrenttemozolomide.PatientsweretreatedwithCTVexpansionsthatrangedfrom5to20mmusingashrinkingfieldtechnique.PatternsoffailureandtimetoprogressionandoverallsurvivalwerecomparedbasedonCTVmargin,useoftemozolomide,anduseofIMRT.KaplanMeieranalysiswasusedtoestimatesurvivaltimes,andχtestwasusedforcomparisonofcohorts.RESULTS:Forpatientstreatedwith5-,10-,and15-to20-mmCTV,79%,77%,and86%experiencedfailuresinthe60Gyvolume,respectively.Forty-eightpercent,55%,and66%ofpatientswith5-,10-,and15-to20-mmCTVexperiencedfailuresinthe46Gyvolume,respectively.Therewasnostatisticaldifferencebetweenpatientstreatedwith5-,10-,15-to20-mmmarginswithregardto60Gyfailure(P=0.76),46Gyfailure(P=0.51),ormarginalfailure(P=0.73).Eightypercentofpatientsreceivingtemozolomideexperiencedfailuresinthe60Gyvolume.TherewasnoincreasedlikelihoodofmarginalfailuresinpatientsreceivingIMRT(P=0.97).CONCLUSIONS:Moderntreatmenttechniquesincludinguseofconcurrenttemozolmide,limitedCTVmarginsize,andIMRThavenotgreatlychangedthepatternsoffailureofGBM.

简介：Objective:Toexploretheeffectsofpostmastectomyradiotherapy(PMRT)onthelocoregionalfailure-freesurvival(LRFFS)andoverallsurvival(OS)ofbreastcancerpatientsunderdifferenttumorstagesandwithonetothreepositiveaxillarylymphnodes(ALNs).Methods:Weconductedaretrospectivereviewof527patientswithonetothreepositivelymphnodeswhounderwentmodifiedradicalorpartialmastectomyandaxillarydissectionfromJanuary2000toDecember2002.ThepatientsweredividedintotheT1-T2N1andT3-T4N1groups.TheeffectsofPMRTontheLRFFSandOSofthesetwopatientgroupswereanalyzedusingSPSS19.0,Pearson’sχ2-test,Kaplan-Meiermethod,andCoxproportionalhazardmodel.Results:ForT1-T2N1patients,nostatisticalsignificancewasobservedintheeffectsofPMRTonLRFFS[hazardratio(HR)=0.726;95%confidenceinterval(CI):0.233-2.265;P=0.582]andOS(HR=0.914;95%CI:0.478-1.745;P=0.784)ofthegeneralpatients.Extracapsularextension(ECE)andhighhistologicalgradeweretheriskfactorsforLRFFSandOSwithstatisticalsignificanceinmultivariateanalysis.StratificationanalysisshowedthatPMRTstatisticallyimprovedtheclinicaloutcomesinhigh-riskpatients[ECE(+),LRFFS:P=0.026,OS:P=0.007;histologicalgradeIII,LRFFS:P<0.001,OS:P=0.007]butnotinlow-riskpatients[ECE(–),LRFFS:P=0.987,OS:P=0.502;histologicalgradeI-II,LRFFS:P=0.816,OS:P=0.296].ForT3-T4N1patients,PMRTeffectivelyimprovedthelocalcontrol(HR=0.089;95%CI:0.210-0.378;P=0.001)ofthegeneralpatients,whereasnostatisticaleffectwasobservedonOS(HR=1.251;95%CI:0.597-2.622;P=0.552).Absenceofestrogenreceptorsandprogesteronereceptors(ER/PR)(–)wasanindependentriskfactor.FurtherstratificationanalysisindicatedastatisticaldifferenceinLRFFSandOSbetweenthehigh-riskpatientswithER/PR(–)receivingPMRTandnotreceivingPMRT[ER/PR(–),LRFFS:P=0.046,OS:P=0.039].However,PMRThadabeneficialeffectonthereductionoflocoregionalr

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简介：AbstractObjective:To evaluate the survival outcomes for a cohort of nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension (ICE) treated with induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by chemo-intensity-modulated radiotherapy (CTRT) at a tertiary cancer center.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with histologically proven, non-metastatic NPC with ICE treated at our institute between October 2008 and October 2016. Patients were classified as minor ICE or major ICE, based on the extent of ICE. All the patients received 2-3 cycles of a taxane-based ICT regimen followed by CTRT. Radiotherapy was delivered with "riskadapted" intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique in all patients.Results:After a median follow up of 45 months (range: 8-113 months), the estimated 5-year DFS, LRFS, DMFS, and OS of the entire cohort was 58%, 82%, 67% and 74% respectively. On multivariate analysis, histological subtype was an independent predictor of LRFS, and age was an independent predictor of DFS. The extent of ICE showed only a trend towards worse DFS (P= 0.06). None of the factors significantly predicted for DMFS or OS. Gender, N-stage, and response to ICT did not significantly affect any of the outcomes. Grade 2 or worse subcutaneous fibrosis was seen in 22% of patients and grade 2 or worse xerostomia was seen in 24% of patients at last follow up. Thirty-three percent of the patients developed clinical hypothyroidism at last follow up. None of the patients experienced any neurological or vascular complications.Conclusions:Taxane-based induction chemotherapy followed by chemo-intensity modulated radiotherapy resulted in excellent locoregional control and survival with acceptable toxicities in patients of nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension. Distant metastasis continues to be the predominant problem in these patients.