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简介：Theissuesofwarandpeacecapturedinternationalattentionin2014.ItwasthecentennialofWorldWarI,andthefocuswasontensionsinAsiaforthefirsthalfoftheyear.OneradicalWesternviewwentsofarastocomparetoday'sChinatopre-warGermanyinthemidstofrapideconomicgrowth,risingnationalismandabeefedupmilitary.ThehypeaboutBeijing'sallegedregionalexpansionpeakedattheShangri-LaSecurityForum(Singapore)inMay2014.However,eventsonthegroundprovedsuchglibaccusationswrong.InOctober2014,thisauthoraccompaniedseveralotherChinesescholarsinavisittosevenU.S.thinktanks.OurAmericanhostswerenotworried

简介：<正>Theeducationhasasignificantimpactnotonlyonindividualsbutalsoonthenation.Therearetwotypesofeducation,oneisstudent-central,andtheotherkeepsawatchfuleyeonthemarks.Whichoneisbetteronearth?Thefollowingismyviewpoint.

简介：我们在chiral附近计算夸克数字危险性(QNS)批评结束点(CEP)。CEP被发现被定位在(c,Tc)=(80兆电子伏，148兆电子伏)在哪儿c和Tc分别地是批评化学潜力和温度。QNS被发现在CEP有最高、最锋利的山峰。当化学潜力在60兆电子伏110兆电子伏的范围时，它也被发现那，转变温度附近的QNS比免费的地结果大，它显示像空间的抑制模式在CEP附近统治运动的自由的度。

简介：Theetiologyofneurodegenerativediseasesisdiverse,howevermostofthemsharecommoncharacteristics:accumulationofmisfoldedproteins,chronicandsustainedneuroinflammation,andthedysfunctionanddeathofcertainpopulationsofneurons.ThebrainofAlzheimer’sdisease(AD)patientspresents

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简介：点速度和推迟的沉积集中大小被用来在沙床河里计算全部的沉积分泌物。有修改爱因斯坦点过程(SEMEPP)的系列扩大的计算取决于谷物直径ds和安定速度，流动深度h砍速度u*,和采样深度hp。这个过程由使用点沉积集中和速度大小扩大修改爱因斯坦过程(MEP)的适用性。这个过程从科尔曼用实验室数据被测试，并且从Enoree，中间的RioGrande和密西西比河回答大小。在从0.17m到33.5m和沉积集中的流动深度在124verticals上基于801点大小计算的精确性取决于的不到0.1kgL−1,u*/和hp/ds。当时，象SEMEPP一样的点测量技术是很相配的u*/5当90%流动深度被取样时，60%全部的沉积在哪儿至少装载，被测量。从点大小的沉积分泌物的决心在深河里是很精确的什么时候hp/ds>10,000，并且u*/>10。点大小不为浅河和实验室斜槽是很相配的在哪儿h<0.5m并且什么时候u*/<2。

简介：ThepresentstudywasdesignedtoinvestigatethechemicalconstituentsoftherootsofCudraniafruticosaWight.Compoundswereisolatedbyvariouscolumnchromatographicmethodsincludingsilicagel,polyamide,sephadexLH-20,andsemi-preparativeHPLC.Theirstructureswereelucidatedbyacombinationof1Dand2DNMRtechniques,massspectrometry,andchemicalmethods.Twonewxanthones,CudraxanthoneTandU(1-2),alongwithfourknowncompounds(3-6)wereisolatedfromtherootsofCudraniafruticosaWight.

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简介：TheeffectsofReynoldsnumberonbothlarge-scaleandsmall-scaleturbulencepropertiesareinvestigatedinasquarejetissuingfromasquarepipe.ThedetailedvelocityfieldsweremeasuredatfivedifferentexitReynoldsnumbersof8×103190,thevalueofA=εL/〈u2)3/2inthepresentsquarejetconvergesto0.5,whichisconsistentwiththeobservationindirectnumericalsimulationsofboxturbulence,butlowerthanthatincircularjet,platewakeflows,andgridturbulence.ThediscrepanciesincriticalReynoldsnumberandA=εL/〈u2〉3/2amongdifferentturbulentflowsmostlikelyresultfromtheflowtypeandinitialconditions.

简介：Systemsofphotosyntheticreactioncentreshavebeenmodelledasheatengines,whileithasalsobeenreportedthattheefficiencyandpowerofsuchheatenginescanbeenhancedbyquantuminterference—atraitthathasattractedmuchinterest.Wecomparetwodefinitionsoftheworkofsuchaphotosyntheticheatengine,i.e.definitionAusedbyWeimeretal.andBbyDorfmanetal.Wealsointroduceacoherentinteractionbetweendonorandacceptor(CIDA)todemonstrateareversibleenergytransport.Weshowthatthesetwodefinitionsofworkcanimpartcontradictoryresults,thatis,CIDAenhancesthepowerandefficiencyofthephotosyntheticheatenginewithdefinitionBbutnotwithA.Additionally,wefindthatbothreversibleandirreversibleexcitation-energytransportcanbedescribedwithdefinitionA,butdefinitionBcanonlymodelirreversibletransport.Asaresult,weconcludethatdefinitionAismoresuitableforphotosyntheticsystemsthandefinitionB.

简介：这份报纸给有限维的无法缩减的操作员的概念((FDI)操作员)并且无限的维的无法缩减的操作员((IDI)操作员)。讨论关系(FDI)操作员，(IDI)操作员和强烈无法缩减的操作员((SI)操作员)并且说明操作员的三个班的一些性质。为有上面的三角形的操作员矩阵的形式的操作员的有限维的irreducibility的一些足够的条件被给。这份报纸证明有一个单条系列的每个操作符是小紧缩的不安一(FDI)在每围住的线性操作符T能被操作符接近在的可分离的Banach空格和表演(FDI)的操作员关于强壮操作员的拓扑学和每个紧缩的操作符K罐头的(X)由操作符接近了在(FDI)关于有一个Schauder基础的Banach空格X上的标准拓扑学的(X)，在此(FDI)(X):={TB(X)：T=i=1kTi,Ti(FDI)，k}。

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简介：Themarginofappreciationiscontroversialanddifficulttounderstand.SinceitsfirstreferenceinthecaseofGreecevs.UK,themeaningofthisdoctrinehasevolvedfromdeferencetoderogationfromtheEuropeanConventiontoaninflationoflanguageusedormisusedbytheStrasbourgCourttopreservetheState’s"roomformanoeuvre"or"latitudeofdeferenceorerror."Inthispaper,Idividetheconceptofmarginofappreciationintotwocategories:thesubstantiveandstructuralconcept.TheStrasbourgCourtusuallygenerouslydeferstonationaldecisionsinstructuralscrutinywhereithastorespectEuropeanpluralismandthecollectiveinterestsofthecontractingpartiesunlessdomesticdecisionsareregardedas"manifestlyunreasonable."Incontrast,theEuropeanHumanRightsCourtscrutinizescarefullyinthesubstantivesenseofmarginofappreciation.Somefactorsortestapproacheswillbeidentifiedfirst,bywhichtheCourtsubstantivelynarrowsorlimitsthescopeofmarginpreservedfortheStates.Theresultoftwoconceptualmarginsofappreciationmaybereciprocallytransformedinsomecircumstances.WhenthecollectivegoodsurelyunderminesthecoreofConventionrights,theCourtwillnotstandwiththedomesticargumentsinceitmustensuretheimplementationofpan-Europeanhumanrightsstandards.Ontheotherside,theCourthasnocapacitytofurtherincreasestrictscrutinyincaseswherethereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweenthemeansandendsintheproportionalitytest,implyingthatdomesticcourtsarebetterplacedthanthesupranationalcourtgiventhefactthattheyknowbetterthelocalrealityandhavemorelocalknowledge.

简介：Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthattherotationofsingleparticlesplaysaveryimportantroleinsimulationsofgranularflowusingthediscreteelementmethod(DEM).ManyresearchershavealsopointedoutthattheeffectofrollingresistanceatthecontactpointsshouldbetakenintoaccountinDEMsimulations.However,evenforthesimplestcaseinvolvingtwo-dimensionalcircularparticles,thereisnoagreementonthebestwaytodefinerollingandsliding,anddifferentdefinitionsandcalculationsofrollingandslidinghavebeenproposed.Ithasevenbeensuggestedthatauniquerollingandslidingdefinitionisnotpossible.Inthispaperweassessresultsfrompreviousstudiesonrollingandslidingindiscreteelementmodelsandfindthatsomeresearchershaveoverlookedtheeffectofparticlesofdifferentsizes.Afterconsideringtheparticleradiusinthederivationofrollingvelocity,allresultsreachthesameoutcome:auniquesolution.Wealsopresentaclearandsimplederivationandvalidateourresultusingcasesofrolling.Suchadecompositionofrelativemotionisobjective,orindependentofthereferenceframeinwhichtherelativemotionismeasured.

简介：Inthepast,thepseudo-staticmethodusedtobethemostcommonforevaluatingthestabilityoflandslidesunderseismicloads,inwhichstaticforcesactingonthecenterofgravityofaslidingbodyareusedtoconsidertheeffectsofearthquake.However,seismicloadsofrockandsoildifferfromtimeandlocationtotimeandlocation.Obviously,itisirrationalforthepseudo-staticapproachtobeappliedtosolvingdynamicproblems.Inthispaper,adisplacementpseudo-dynamicmodelisproposedtoassessseismicstabilityoflandslides,inwhichthesinusoidalcosinusoidalwaveisappliedtosimulatingearthquakedisplacement,andan'amplificationfactor'ofpeakseismicdisplacementisreferredtoastheamplificationofseismicwavewhenitpropagatesfromthebottomtothetopofthelandslide.Theeffectsofphysico-mechanicalbehaviorsofaslidingbodyonseismicstabilityofsoilslopesaretakenintoaccountaswellasinertiaforcesanddampingforces.Thesensitivityanalysesonthepermanentdisplacementandthedynamicfactorofsafetyoflandslidesarestudiedindetail.Moreover,alarge-scaleTangjiashanlandslidethatoccurredinWenchuanearthquakeisinvestigatedtoverifytherobustnessandprecisionofthepresentmethod.Itisfoundthattheresultsfromthepresentmethodisingoodagreementwiththosefromthepreviousmethod.

简介：Inordertoinvestigatetheinjectioncurrentuniformityaroundtheinductioncellbores,twofullyelectromagnetic(EM)modelsarerespectivelyestablishedforasingle-stageinductioncellandaninductionvoltageadder(IVA)withthreecellsstackedinseries,withoutconsideringelectronemission.Bymeansofthesetwomodels,somefactorsaffectingtheinjectioncurrentuniformityaresimulatedandanalyzed,suchastheimpedancesofaddersandloads,celllocations,andfeedtimingofparalleldrivingpulses.Simulationresultsindicatethathigherimpedancesofadderandloadsareslightlybeneficialtoimproveinjectioncurrentuniformity.Astheimpedancesofadderandloadsincreasefrom5Ωto30Ω,theasymmetriccoefficientoffeedcurrentsdecreasesfrom10.3%to6.6%.Thecurrentnon-uniformitywithinthefirstcellisalittleworsethanthatinotherdownstreamcells.Simulationresultsalsoshowthatthefeedtimingwouldgreatlyaffectcurrentwaveforms,andconsequentlycausesomedistortioninpulsefrontsofcelloutputvoltages.Foragivendrivingpulsewithdurationtimeof70-80ns,thefeedtimingwithatimedeviationoflessthan20nsisacceptableforthethree-cellIVAs,justcausingtherisetimeofoutputvoltagestoincreaseabout5nsatmostandmakingthepeakvoltagedecreaseby3.5%.