简介：Aerobicstaticpilecomposting(mechanicalturningevery3days)ofpigmanurewaspreparedat8m3windrowheaps.Sawdustwasusedasthebulkingagenttoprovideadditionalcarbonandtoincreasetheporosityofthesubstrate.TwotreatmentsatinitialC/Nratiosof30and15,respectively,weredesignedinthestudy.Dissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC),solubleNH4+-N,C/Nratiosinsolidandaqueousphases,E4/E6ratios,andseedgerminationindex(GI)weredeterminedtoevaluatethematurityoftheco-composts.Seedgerminationindex,abiologicalparameter,wassuggestedasoneofthemostreliablematurityindicatorsfororganiccompost.TheresultsshowedthatthetreatmentattheinitialC/Nratioof30reachedmaturityafter49daysofcomposting;however,thetreatmentattheinitialC/Nratioof15shouldrequirecompostingtimeoflongerthan63daystoobtainmaturation.Chemicalmulti-indicatorevaluationwasnecessary,andtheGImeasurementwastherecommendedapproachformaturityevaluationinthestudy.

简介：为了使基于人工模拟降雨装置的水土保持试验更可靠,采用人工降雨试验方法,通过研究QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置的降雨特性,探讨该装置在水土保持科学试验中的适用性。结果表明：1）雨滴达到终速时雨滴-色斑直径的关系为d=0.3839D0.709;2）QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置有效降雨均匀度超过80%;3）在试验范围内,雨滴直径随降雨强度增大而增大,雨滴中数直径与降雨强度呈d50=0.5595I0.2805的幂函数关系,相同降雨强度条件下的雨滴直径较天然雨滴偏小20%~70%;4）降雨动能与降雨强度呈E=0.0042I-0.021的线性关系,可通过控制降雨强度实现降雨动能与天然降雨的相似性;5）QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置性能稳定、可控性强,可适用于室内土壤侵蚀的研究。

简介：Thechloroformfumigation-incubationmethowasusedtomeasurthesoilmicrobialbiomassC(SMBC)andN(SMBN)in16loessialsoilssampledfromAnsai,YongshouandYanglinginShaanxiProvince.TheSMBContentsinthesoilsrangedfrom75.9to301.0μgCg^-1withanaverageof206.μgCg^-1,accountingfor1.36%-6.24%ofthetotalsoilorganicCwithanaverageof3.07%,andtheSMBNcontentsfrom0.51to68.40μgNg^-1withanaverageof29.4μgNg^-1,accountingfor0.20%-5.65%ofthetotalNinthesoilswithanaverageof3.36%.AcloserelationshipwasfoundbetweenSMBCandSMBN,andtheybothwerepositivelycorrelatedwithtotalorganicC,totalN,NaOHhydrolizableNandmineralizableN.Theseresultsconfirmedthasoilmicrobialbiomasshadacomparativeroleinnutrientcyclesofsoils.

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简介：高分辨率、栅格化的气候数据作为环境因子是地学模型和气候模型等相关研究的重要参数，国内外的研究多集中于温度、降水等气象要素，对陆面蒸发空间化研究较少。对黄土高原多沙粗沙区及周围共计53个气象站点（多沙粗沙区30个）蒸发皿测量值Epan进行空间插值，以5变量局部薄盘样条函数（经纬度为自变量。净辐射、水气压差和风速为协变量），建立具有多元线性子模型的蒸发插值模型，以ANUSPLIN为实现软件，生成连续21年共252个蒸发表面。交叉验证表明：引入蒸发影响因子作为协变量线性子模型进行表面插值能显著提高插值精度，夏季提高幅度更大，拟合表面具有较高的精确度与平滑度。蒸发随协变量的变率显示，在多沙粗沙区，水气压差是夏季蒸发的主要控制因素，风速对蒸发的影响冬季稍强一些，净辐射的影响没有明显的季节性，只在春分和秋分时节有微小提高。

简介：Fivehumicfractionswereobtainedfromauniformly^15N-labelledsoilbyextractionwith0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7,0.1molL^-1NaOH,andHF/HCl-0.1molL^-1NaOH,consecutively,andanalyzedby^13Cand^15NCPMASNMR(crosspolarizationandmagicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonace).Comparedwiththoseofnativesoilshumicfractionsstudiedasawholecontainedmorealkyls,methoxylsandO-alkyls,being27%-36%,17%-21%and36%-40%,respectively,butfeweraromaticsandcarboxyls(bein14%-20%and13%-90%,respectively),Amongthosehumicfractions,thehumicacid(HA)andfulvicacid(FA)extractedby0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7containedslightlymorecarboxylsthancorrespondinghumicfractionsextractedby0.1molL^-1NaOH,andtheHAextactedby0.1molL^-1NaOHaftertreatmentwithHF/HClcontainedtheleastaromaticsandcarboxyls.Thedistributionofnitrogenfunctionalgroupsofsoilhumicfractionsstudiedwasquitesimilartoeachotherandalsoquitesimilartothatofhumicfractionfromnativesoils.Morethan75%oftotalNineachfractionwasinamidefrom,with9%-13%presentasaromaticand/oraliphaticaminesandtheremainderasheerocyclicN.

简介：第9届中国水土保持学会青年科技奖评选结果近日公布，中国水利水电科学研究院秦伟博士、长江水利委员会长江科学院刘纪根博士、黄河水利科学研究院水土保持研究所申震洲硕士、四川农业大学郑子成博士和华中农业大学资源与环境学院李朝霞博士（女）5位青年才俊获此殊荣。

简介：Theannualseriesofδ13CweremeasuredintreeringsofthreeCryptomeriafortuneidisks(CF-1,CF-2,andCF-3)collectedfromWestTianmuMountain,ZhejiangProvince,China,accordingtocross-datingtreeringages.Therewasnoobviousdecreasingtrendoftheδ13CannualtimeseriesofCF-2before1835.However,from1835to1982thethreetreeringδ13Cannualseriesexhibitedsimilardecreasingtrendsthatweresignificantly(P≤0.001)correlated.Thedistributioncharacteristicsofascatterdiagrambetweenestimatedδ13CseriesofCF-2frommodelingandtheatmosphericCO2concentrationextractedfromtheLawDomeicecorefrom1840to1978wereanalyzedandacurvilinearregressionequationforreconstructingatmosphericCO2concentrationwasestablishedwithR2=0.98.Also,atestofindependentsamplesindicatedthatbetween1685and1839thereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationusingtheδ13CseriesofCF-2hadacloserelationshipwiththeLawDomeandSipleicecores,withastandarddeviationof1.98.ThegeneralincreasingtrendofthereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationcloselyreflectedthelong-termvariationofatmosphericCO2concentrationrecordedbothbeforeandaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Between1685and1840theevaluatedatmosphericCO2concentrationwasstable,butafter1840itexhibitedarapidincrease.Givenalongerδ13Cannualtimeseriesoftreerings,itwasfeasibletorebuildarepresentativetimeseriestodescribetheatmosphericCO2concentrationforanearlierperiodandforyearsthatwerenotintheicecorerecord.

简介：杆菌仙影拳X5的功效被在文化的增加下面检验秒阶段少年死亡和鸡蛋孵化率在vitro作为对根结线虫的一个潜在的生物控制代理人评估过滤并且在由与B提高的简历器官的化肥的申请的planta。仙影拳X5，B。thuringiensisBTG，或TrichodermaharzianumSQR-T037独自或一起在温室和领域试验。根结的biofumigation有器官的材料(鸡粪肥，猪粪肥和大米稻草)的大批出没于线虫的土壤独自或在有B的联合。仙影拳X5也在温室实验被进行。在实验室，B的filtrate。孵化的更有效地减少的鸡蛋有效地为14d和更多在潜伏期期间评估的仙影拳X5比B的在24h的潜伏期期间杀死了秒阶段少年。thuringiensisBTG。为温室西红柿和地甜瓜的一种的最高干燥的射击重量在两个被发现处理由与由仅仅与B提高的简历器官的化肥组成的三个biocontrol代理人和处理提高的简历器官的化肥组成。仙影拳X5。二简历器官的化肥比仅仅与B提高的那些完成了更好的nematicidal效果。thuringiensisBTG或T。harzianumSQR-T037。B。仙影拳X5也提高了biofumigation的效果，它导致了增加的植物生物资源并且在根和根围土壤减少了线虫计数。因此，这些结果在温室两个都建议了根结线虫的那生物控制，域能被使用B有效地完成。仙影拳X5和农业浪费。