简介:TheesterificationoflauricacidwithmethanolcouldbeefficientlycatalyzedbyZrOCl2·8H2O,andthisreactionwasstudiedtodevelopagreenmethodforbiodieselproduction.Theinfluencingfactors,suchasamountofcatalyst,reactiontimeandmolarratioofacidtomethanol,wereinvestigated.TheresultsindicatedthattheZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalystshowedhighcatalyticactivity,andgavea97.0%methyllaurateconversionrateunderthefollowingoptimizedconditions,viz.:alauricacid/methanolmolarratioof1:10,acatalystdosageof4%,andareactiondurationof2hatmethanolrefluxingtemperature.Thecatalystcouldbeeasilyrecoveredwhileitsactivitycouldbewellretainedafterthreecycles.TheZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalystalsoexhibitedexcellentcatalyticactivityfortheesterificationofdifferentfreelong-chainfattyacids(includingnonedibleoilswithhighacidvalue)withdifferentshortcarbonchainalcohols.Therefore,theZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalysthasgoodpotentialforthesynthesisofbiodieselfromlow-costfeedstockssuchaswastevegetableoilsandnon-edibleoils.
简介:The^Siand^1Hhigh-resolutionliquid-phaseNMRhasbeenusedtoinvestigatethehydrolysisprocessofthetetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS).^1H-NMRspectroscopyshowsthatthehydrolysisofTEOSinTPAisfasterthaninTEA.TheimpactsofTPAandTEAontheTOEShydrolysisprocessanditshydrolyzedproductdistributionhavebeenobservedby^29Si-NMRrespectively.Theinfluencesofwaterandtheisopropylalcoholonhydrolysishavealsobeendiseussed.ThepresenceofTBOTmarksanevidentdifferentiationbetweenTPAandTEAforhydrolysisin^29Si-NMRspectra.
简介:研究了Pd/Nb2O5—Al2O3催化剂的制备方法及用于丙酮加氢合成MIBK的催化性能。实验结果表明,在反应温度160℃,反应压力4MPa条件下,丙酮单程转化率为40%,MIBK选择性为92%。
简介:Inthisstudy,titaniumdioxidesupportedbymulti-walledcarbonnanotubes(MWCNTs/TiO2)andCr-dopedTiO2supportedbyMWCNTs(MWNTs/Cr-TiO2)weresynthesizedbythesol-gelmethod.Thepreparedsampleswerecharacterizedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy,X-raydiffraction,theBrunauerEmmett-Telleranalysis,andtheRamanspectroscopy.TheoxidationandefficiencyforremovalofSO2inasimulatedfluegaswereinvestigatedexperimentallyinafixed-bedreactor.The15%MWCNTs/Cr-Ti02sampledisplayedexcellentadsorptionproperties,andaSO2removalrateequatingto30.4151mg/gfromthesimulatedfluegascontaining2300μg/gofSO2,8%of02,and5%ofH20wasachievedunderoptimalconditionscoveringatemperatureof333.15K,andaspacevelocityof1275h^-1.TheadsorptionprocesswasenhancedbecauseCrdopingmodifiedtheporestructureandinhibitedthegraingrowthofTiO2.Inaddition,theFreundlichandLangmuirmodelsrevealedthatSO2wasmainlyadsorbedthroughchemicaladsorptiononthesamplesurfaces,andthethermodynamicmodelanalysisindicatedthattheadsorptionwasaspontaneous,exothermic,andentropy-reducingprocess.TheadsorptionkineticsofSO2canbedescribedbythepseudosecond-orderkineticandtheBanghamdynamicsmodels.Thepossiblereactionmechanisminvolvedindesulfurizationprocesswasalsoproposed.
简介:炼油事业部技术人员经过研究和摸索,解决了20延迟焦化装置首次出现的影响生产稳定的弹丸焦问题。5月中旬,在事业部第一次加工卡斯蒂利亚-蒙多混合原油时,2^#焦化装置生产的焦碳中出现了弹丸焦。焦碳在正常情况下是块状或粉状的,由于卡斯蒂利亚-蒙多混合等原油沥青质含量较高,渣油内残炭和沥青质组分急剧增加,生成大量直径为2~5mm弹丸形状的焦炭,俗称弹丸焦。弹丸焦造成焦炭塔焦碳层部分塌方,物料将过滤器滤网堵死,加热炉炉管结焦,严重威胁了装置的安全生产。为此,车间成立技术攻关小组,通过优化原料配比,降低了焦化装置原料的沥青质含量;对1^#、2^#延迟焦化装置加热炉出口温度进行优化调整,提高焦炭塔操作压力,并增加消泡剂的浓度和注入的流量。
简介:Thispaperhasstudiedthevapor-liquidequilibrium(VLE)forthesalt-containingextractivedistillationofthe1-propanol/watersystem.BinaryVLEdataweremeasuredforthesystemsof1-propanol(1)/KAc(4),ethanediol(3)/KAc(4),and1-propanol(1)/ethanediol(3),withtheVLEdatacorrelatedwiththeNRTLmodelinordertoobtainthemodelparametersofthesebinarysystems.ThebinaryVLEdatacitedintechnicalliteraturewerecorrelatedtoobtainthemodelparametersforotherbinarysystems.VLEdataofternaryandquaternarysystemspredictedbytheNRTLmodelagreedwellwiththeliteraturedata.TheinfluenceofKAc,ethanediol,andtheKAc/ethanediolmixtureonvolatilitybetween1-propanolandwaterwasinvestigatedrespectively.Testresultsshowedthattheabove-mentionedmaterials(KAc,ethanediol)andtheirmixture(KAcandethanediol)havedifferentinfluenceonthevolatility.Whenx3=0.5,andx4=0.05,theazeotropicpointcanbeeliminated.TheNRTLmodelmethodofsalt-containingVLEissimpleandeffectiveforthepredictionofthesystem’sVLEdata.
简介:介绍了油田化学用2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)聚合的合成方法,综述了2004--2012年AMPS聚合物用作钻井液添加剂、油井水泥添加剂、压裂液稠化剂、阻垢剂、缓蚀剂、水处理剂、驱油剂等方面的应用,并提出了相应的建议和设想。