简介:Firegrowthmodelcanpredictfirebehavior,whichcanguidefirefightingactivitiesandassessesfiremanagementpolicies.Thispaperanalyzedthemainfactorsaffectingfiresimulation,andsummariedthecurrentgrowthmodelsincludingempirical,semi-empiricalandphysicalmodels.Thewidelyusedfiregrowthsimulationsoftwareswereoutlinedinthepaper,whichincludePrometheus,BehavePlus,Farsite,etc.Finally,thepaperdiscussedthelimitationsoffiregrowthmodelsandtheirfuturedevelopment.
简介:Inthispaper,asubdivisionschemewhichgeneralizesasurfaceschemeinpreviouspaperstovolumemeshesisdesigned.Theschemeexhibitssignificantcontrolovershrink-age/sizeofvolumetricmodels.Italsohastheabilitytoconvenientlyincorporateboundariesandcreasesintoasmoothlimitshapeofmodels.ThemethodpresentedhereismuchsimplerandeasierascomparedtoMacCrackenandJoy's.Thismethodmakesnorestrictionsonthelocaltopologyofmeshes.Particularly,itcanbeappliedwithoutanychangetomeshesofnonmanifoldtopology.
简介:这篇论文的目的是在模型上给概述,方法过去常解决战术的计划问题。建模和知道得好的战术的计划问题(计划与安排的主人,材料要求计划并且多地点计划)的详尽阐述被讨论。这些问题从“缩放的二许多”被建模模型叫了使能够的许多缩放问题(CLSP),多,水平使能够许多缩放问题(MLCLSP)。从两个模型,很多延期在文学被建议了。这篇论文的目的是双重的:首先,象他们的延期一样的CLSP和MLCLSP的分类被给。为每个模型,主要科学贡献被提及。用七十份报纸做的这些分类给“许多缩放”的概述奉献给MPS,MRP和多地点的模型并且显示出模型的差异。从一个分类,第二,为每个模型使用的方法的分析被给。为差距计算的例子尺寸,最好的差距和参考书为每贡献被给。这个工作能被用来为战术的计划详细描述一个优化工具例如计划推进有问题系统。
简介:Thepathophysiologyoftinnitusispoorlyunderstoodandtreatmentsareoftenunsuccessful.Anumberofanimalmodelshavebeendevelopedinordertogainabetterunderstandingoftinnitus.Agreatdealhasbeenlearnedfromthesemodelsregardingtheelectrophysiologicalandneuroanatomicalcorrelatesoftinnitusfollowingexposuretonoiseorototoxicdrugs.Reliablebehavioraldataisimportantfordeterminingwhethersuchelectrophysiologicalorneuroanatomicalchangesareindeedrelatedtotinnitus.Ofthemanydocumentedtinnitusanimalbehavioralparadigms,theacousticstartlereflexhadbeenproposedasasimplemethodtoidentifythepresenceorabsenceoftinnitus.Severalbehavioralmodelsbasedonconditionedresponsesuppressionparadigmshavealsobeendeveloped.Inadditiontodeterminingthepresenceorabsenceoftinnitus,someofthebehavioralparadigmshaveprovidedsignsoftheonset,frequency,andintensityoftinnitusinanimals.Althoughnoneofthesebehavioralmodelshavebeenprovedtobeaperfectmodel,thesestudiesprovideusefulinformationonunderstandingtheneuralmechanismsunderlyingtinnitus.
简介:计算力学的原因的状态定义最小的足够的存储器为一给分离静止随机的过程。他们的熵是称为统计复杂性的一项重要复杂性措施(或真措施复杂性)。他们导致是一个隐藏的Markov模型的-machine,(唔)产生这个过程。但是它不是最小的,尽管生产HMMs也有自然预兆的解释。这份报纸给机器是的想法的一个数学证明最小HMM与一另外(部分)宿命论状况。最小的内部州的熵一生产唔在到统计复杂性的类比被叫生产复杂性。这份报纸也证明那生产复杂性以一个好方法取决于这个过程。它是作为这个过程的功能,降低半连续(w.r.t弱--*拓扑学),凹面,并且表现在这个过程的各态历经的分解下面好。
简介:Theskyradianceanddegreeofpolarizationwithmultiplescatteringprocessconsideredwerecalculatedinthispaperbysolvingvectorformradiativetransferequationiteratively.Numericalexperimentforsimultaneouslyretrivingthesizedistribution(SD)andthecomplexrefractiveindex(CRI)ofaerosolparticlewasconductedwiththedegreeofpolarizationofskylight(DPS)andthelibrarymethodused.ItisshownfromtheresultsthattherealpartofCRIisalwayssensitivetoDPS.ButsituationissomewhatcomplicatedfortheimaginarypartofCRI.Therefore,itisexpectedthattherealpartofCRIcanberetrievedfromDPSanditsimaginarypartshouldberetrievedastheparticleislargeinsize.Inthispaper,sevensetsofDPSmeasurementson6January,1990inBeijingweregivenandtheopticalcharacteristicsofaerosolwereretrieved.
简介:Hearingloss(HL)isoneofthemostwidespreadsensorydisorders,affectingapproximately1in500newborns.HeritablediseasesoftheinnereararetheleadingcausesofprelingualHL.TreatingofhereditaryHLandunderstandingitsunderlyingmechanismsremaindifficultchallengestootolaryngologists.Asstemcellsarecapableofself-renewalanddifferentiation,theyareideallysuitedbothfordiseasemodelingandregenerativemedicine.Recently,descriptionofinducedpluripotentstemcells(iPSCs)hasallowedthefieldofdiseasemodelingandpersonalizedtherapytobecomefarmoreaccessibleandphysiologicallyrelevant,asiPSCscanbegeneratedfrompatientsofanygeneticbackground.ThisreviewbrieflydescribestheadvantagesofiPSCstechnologyanddiscussespotentialapplicationsofthispowerfulbiologicaltoolinstudyingandtreatinghereditaryHL.
简介:Theimportanceofcosmologicalconstantforthecosmologicalmodelsisgiven.Thevariationsofthecosmologicalmodelforparametersλandkwerediscussedrespectively.Nearλ=0,thecosmologicalmodelisunstablewiththechangeofλ,andnearλ=β=0,thecosmologicalmodelisunstablewiththechangeofk.Sowhenweconsiderthestablecosmologicalmodel,wemustconsiderthenonzerocosmologicalconstant.
简介:Thereisagrowinginterestininvestigatingtheaccuracyofdigitalelevationmodel(DEM).HoweverpeopleusuallyhaveanunbalancedviewonDEMerrors.TheyemphasizeDEMsamplingerrors,butignoretheimpactofDEMresolutionandterrainroughnessontheaccuracyofterrainrepresentation.ThisresearchputsforwardtheconceptofDEMterrainrepresentationerror(Et)andtheninvestigatesthegeneration,factors,measurementandsimulationofDEMterrainrepresentationerrors.Amulti-resolutionandmulti-reliefcomparativeapproachisusedasthemajormethodologyinthisresearch.Theexperimentrevealsaquantitativerelationshipbetweentheerrorandthevariationofresolutionandterrainroughnessatagloballevel.Rootmeansquareerror(RMSEt)isregressedagainstsurfaceprofilecurvature(V)andDEMresolution(R)at10resolutionlevels.ItisfoundthattheRMSEtmaybeexpressedasRMSEt=(0.0061·V+0.0052).R-0.022·V+0.2415.ThisresultmaybeveryusefulinforecastingDEMaccuracy,aswellasindeterminingtheDEMresolutionrelatedtotheaccuracyrequirementofparticularapplication.