简介：TwoGSSPs(GlobalStandardStratotypeSectionandPoint)fortheOrdovicianSystemwerededicatedinSwedenon25&26May2003.TheceremonieswerewellorganizedandwellattendedandincludednotonlytheunveilingofformalplaquesdescribingtheGSSPsbutalsothedrivingof“goldenspikes”.

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简介：Continentsubductionisoneofthehotresearchproblemsingeoscience.Newmodelspresentedherehavebeensetupandtwo-dimensionalnumericalmodelingresearchonthepossibilityofcontinentalsubductionhasbeenmadewiththefiniteelementsoftware,ANSYS,basedondocumentaryevidenceandreasonableassumptionsthatthesubductionofoceaniccrusthasoccurred,thesubductionofcontinentalcrustcantakeplaceandtheprocesscanbesimplifiedtoadiscontinuousplanestraintheorymodel.Themodelingresultsshowthatitiscompletelypossibleforcontinentalcrusttobesubductedtoadepthof120kmundercertaincircumstancesandconditions.Atthesametime,thesimulationsofcontinentalsubductionunderasingledynamicalfactorhavealsobeenmade,includingthepullforceofthesubductedoceaniclithosphere,thedragforceconnectedwithmantleconvectionandthepushforceofthemid-oceanridge.Theseexperimentsshowthatthedragforceconnectedwithmantleconvectioniscriticalforcontinentsubduction.

简介：共存的作文，比例，和平衡温度在水晶的岩石中二长石对在petrogenesis的岩相学和解释的分类很重要。水晶的岩石通常由4-6矿物质(阶段)组成，取决于他们的独立化学部件和结晶化的平衡温度。一般来说，矿物质阶段的数字能被阶段规则决定。根据集体平衡原则，共存的体积作文二长石如果包含钙，钠，和钾氧化物的共存的mafic矿物质阶段的作文是坚定的，能从岩石的体积化学被评估，例如，由microprobe分析。作文，比例，和温度在平衡罐头二长石同时因此从岩石的体积作文数字地被解决，由合并这篇活动/作文，有团的第三的长石的关系平衡限制。在在这份报纸介绍的数字近似方法之上，长石组上的更好质量的、内部一致的数据能通常被获得，它将被期望在在岩石和创作矿物质的水晶的岩石，以及体积化学的系统的热力学的equilibria的考虑更现实主义、精确。

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简介：有弹性的阻抗(EI)倒置广泛地在工业被使用了估计有点有弹性的参数区分岩性学或甚至液体。然而，常规三术语的有弹性的阻抗公式甚至与在地震数据的细微随机的噪音是不稳定的，这被发现，由于有弹性的参数的性恶的系数矩阵。我们介绍了二术语的Fatti有弹性的阻抗倒置方法，它比常规三术语的有弹性的阻抗倒置更柔韧、精确。在我们的方法，密度被忽略增加倒置矩阵的坚韧性。而且，P阻抗和S阻抗，对随机的噪音不太敏感，被转换而不是VP和V在常规三术语的有弹性的阻抗的S。使倒置更稳定，我们把K价值的范围定义为限制。这个方法能获得答应的合成测试主张与低SNR(信号噪音比率)结果地震数据。用在一个2D线数据的方法的申请，我们完成了，并且VP/VS节，完美地匹配钻的井，在水库预言显示方法的潜力。

简介：Basedoncontinuummechanics,wehavedevelopedamodelforsemi-quantitativeestimatingeffectsofphasecontinuityonflowstrengthoftwo-phaserocksincludingpartiallymeltedorcrystallizedrocks.Calculationsofthebulkflowstrengthofcompositerocksasfunctionsofthevolumefraction,geometricalshapeandcontinuityoftheconstitutivephasesinvolveinnumericallysolvingtwonon-linearequationsandthusareeasytobeperformed.Themodelhasbeenjustifiedbyagoodagreementbetweenthepredictedandmeasuredresultsondiabase(64%clinopyroxeneand36%plagioclase)intherangeofexperimentaltemperaturesandstrain-rates.Itisbelievedthatthepresentmodelcouldprovideanapproximateestimatefortherheologicalevolutionofmagmaticrocksduringtheirlifecycleofmelting-crystallization-deformation.

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简介：1.ObjectivesSouthernQinghai-northemTibetpermafrostregionisaplacehavingthemostwidespreadandmostdevelopedpermafrostinChinawithgoodmineralizationconditionsandprospectingpotentialsforgashydrate(ZhuYHetal.,2011).In2011,ChinaGeologicalSurveyinitiatedaspecialnationalprogramentitled"Gashydrateresourceexplorationandtrialmining",whichsignaledapreludetoacomprehensivegashydratesurveyinsouthernQinghai-northernTibetpermafrostregion.Sofar,appreciableprogresshasbeenmadeinthegeological,geophysical,geochemicalanddrillingsurveyacrossanumberofkeyblocks.Thispaperisintendedtoexaminethefundamentalconditionsforgashydratemineralizationbasedonpreviousfindings,delineatefavorablezonesforgashydratemineralization,andtomakecontributionstotheonshoregashydrateresourceexplorationinChina.

简介：TheorematerialoftwometallogencticseriesofhydrothermaldepositsrelatedtomagmaticrocksinsouthHunanwaspolymictic,whichdcrivcdmainlyfrommagmasandpartlyfromsourccbeds’Thed6positsinXianghualingtin-polymetallicorcficldwcreregardedtobelongtomagmaticmetal-lOgeneticscricsofremeltingcontincntalcrust.TheXianghua

简介：TheRedRiverFaultZoneisagiganticslide-slipfaultzoneextendingupto1000kmfromTibettoSouthChinaSea.Ithasbeendividedintothenorth,centralandsouthsegmentsaccordingtothedifferenceofthegeometry,kinetics,andseismicityontheland,butaccordingtothecontactedrelationshipbetweentheoldpre-CenozoicblockinIndochinaPeninsulaandtheSouthChinablock,theRedRiverFaultZonewasdividedintotwopartsextendingfromlandtoocean,thenorthandsouthsegments.SincetheTertiary,theRedRiverFaultZonesufferedfirstthesinistralmovementandthenthedextralmovement.Theactivitiesofthenorthandthesouthsegmentsweredifferent.Basedontheanalysisofearthquakesandfocalmechanismsolutions,earthquakeswiththefocusdepthsof0-33kmaredistributedoverthewholeregionandmoredeepearthquakesaredistributedonthenortheasternsidesoftheRedRiverfault.Typesoffaultingactivitiesarethethrustinthenorthwest,thenormalinthenorthandthestrike-slipinthesouth,withtheoddtype,viz.thetransitiontype,intheotherregion.TheseshowtheRedRiverFaultZoneanditsadjacentregionsufferedtheextrudingforceinNNWdirectionandthenormalstressinNEEdirectionanditmakesthefaultintheregionextrude-thrust,horizontalstrike-slipandextensionalnormalmovement.

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简介：Thetimesequenceofhigh-resolutionpaleoclimaticchangessincethelastglacialperiod--60,500yrB.P.--hasbeenreconstructedwithhigh-precisionTIMS-UseriesdatesandanalysesoftheoxygenisotopesfromQ4andQ6stalagmitesoftheQixinCaveinsouthernGuizhou.Comparativeanalysesofδ^18OcurvesfromtheGISP2'icecoreandthetwostalagmitesshowsthatthedepositionalrecordsoftheDansgaard-Oeschgercycleevents1-18andHeinrich'seventsH1-H5fromtherecordsofthetwostalagmitesreflectrapidclimatechangesoverashorttimescalesincethelastglacialstage,andindicatesthepreciseboundarylinesatwhichthecoldeventsoccurred.Thestudyresultshaveshownthattherecordsofthecoldandwarmeventsfromthetwostalagmitessince60,500yrB.P.arethereflectionofthepaleo-monsooncirculation.ChangesareclearlyaffectedbytheclimateoscillationoftheNorthAtlanticOcean,andindicatethattheyhaveastrongteleconnectionwiththepaleoclimatechangesthatoccurredintheNorthPolarregion.Therecordsofδ^18OfromtheQ4andQ6stalagmitesindicatethattheδ^18Ovaluesfrom60,590yrB.P.to11,290yrB.P.changedfromamorenegative(orlighter)drifttoaheavierorpositivedrifttrendinthelastglacialperiod.ThedatareflecttheweakeningoftheAsiansummermonsoonandtheclimatewhichgenerallybecamedrierandcooler.

简介：TheTan-LufaultzonejoinstheDabieMountainsonitseasternmargin,andoffsetstheDabieandSuluorogenicbeltssinistrallyforabout500km.Onthebasisofcalculationoftemperatureandpressureexperiencedbythetwophasesofthefaultzoneaswellasthethermo-chronologicalinformationonmylonitefromtheearlierandlaterTan-LufaultzonesontheeasternmarginoftheDabieMountains,thispaperdiscussesthedelaminationhistoryandupliftingmagnitudesoftheDabieMountainsfromearlierJurassictoearlierCretaceous.Frommineralassemblages,mineraldeformationandmuscovite-chloritegeothermometrycalculation,itisknownthatthetemperatureexperiencedbythetwophasesofTan-Lufaultzonesarebetween400℃and450℃,andtheconfiningpressuresarebetween0.25Gpaand0.36GPafortheearliershearzonesand0.24-0.39GPaforthelateshearzones.AccordingtothegeobarometryofSi-in-phengiteandbyconsideringshearheatingandtectonicover-pressure,itisconcludedthatthemaximumformationdepthsforthetwophasesoftheductileshearzonesarenotmorethan12km.Differentialformationdepthsforthetwophasesofshearzonesare1-2kmatmost.Atabout190Maand128Ma,theTan-Lufaultzoneexperiencedtwophasesofcoolingevents.Duringthisperiod,theeasternmarginoftheDabieMountainsexperiencedatectoniccalmperiodandnouplifting.AccordingtoinformationfromtheTan-Lufaultzone,theupliftingmagnitudesoftheDabieorogenicbeltsarenotmorethan12kmduringtheearlierCretaceous.