简介:目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒pre—S1Ag、pre—S2Ag、HBV—DNA、HBV—M的相关性及其临床意义。方法HBV—DNA采用荧光定量PCR法;HBV—M及pre—S1Ag、pre—S2Ag采用ELISA法,检测96例HBV—DNA阳性感染者血清中pre-S1Ag、pre—S2Ag、HBV—M,同时以30例HBV—M全阴性的健康体检者血清作为对照,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果96例HBV—DNA阳性患者中HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性检出率为64.6%;HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性检出率为20.8%;HBsAg、HBcAb阳性栓出率为14.6%;pre—S1Ag在96例HBV—DNA阳性标本中检出率为70.8%;pre—S2Ag检出率为79.2%;均明显高于HBeAg的阳性率64.6%,30例对照中未检测出pre—S1Ag、pre—S2Ag及HBV—DNA。结论HBeAg、HBV—DNA、pre—S1Ag、pre—S2Ag之间具有一定的关联性。pre—S1Ag和pre—S2Ag均较HBeAg敏感。pre—S1Ag与pre—S2Ag的栓出率差异无显著性,ELISA检测HBV—M、pre—S2Ag及pre—S1Ag只是表型指标,只能提供HBV感染的间接证据。而HBV—DNA的检测是HBV感染与否的直接证据。HBV—M、pre—S1Ag、pre—S2Ag、HBV—DNA的检测各自有其独特的临床意义。应用pre—S1Ag、pre—S2Ag、HBV—DNA及HBV—M进行联合检测,对HBV感染的早期诊断,了解HBV复制、转归及监测疗效和预后有重要的意义。
简介:Abstract:Languageteachersarefrequentlyconfrontedwithmultiplerolestheyhavetoplayinteachingwritingonundergraduatelevel:beinganadviser,aninstructor,asupervisor,areaderandagrader.Itisoftenhardforateachertoswitchfromoneroletoanotherandprovidestudentswithpracticable,applicableinstructions.Theconventionalpre-writingandafter-writinginstructionsareconvenientandhelpful.Oftenforstudents,concreteandspecificcommentscanhelpthemmorethanpost-writingcomments,whichleavesmoresuggestionsandhopetostudentsthanspecifichelp.Inmodeledcompositiontheteacherofferssuggestionsinthebeginning,attheend,andmosthelpfully,inthemargins.Thesespecificformsofsuggestionscancomeinbothcontentandform,andcaninvolvemacroandmicrolanguagepoints.Differentgenresofinstructionofwritingcanbemodeled.Themodelscanbegivenorally,inwriting,byelectronicandconventionalmeans.Keywords:instruction,composition,undergraduatewritingIntroductionInteachingcomposition,teacherssometimeslamentsforbeingunabletohelpwithcontentandform,withstructureaswellasexpression.Forlowerintermediatelearners,inparticular,veryfundamentalorgrammaticalaspectscanappearasveryurgentifthesemeanagoodstarting-pointtomakeprogress.Theymayexpecttheteachertoimparthisorherexperienceinplanning,formattingandoutliningthewholeprose.Theymayalsoexpecthimorhertogivetheexpertiseastotheapproachandattitudetospecialgenre,suchasEST.Tofulfillsuchademandingtasksuccessfully,itisindeednecessarytobreakthewholeprosewritingintosmallbitsandtomakeitmanageableandapproachable.Insuchcase,asingleparagraph,ratherthananentirelyessaymaybemoreusefulthanalongtextasthebasisonwhichtosetthemodels……
简介:Anovelpre-ionizationschemeofhelicaltransverse-pulsedpre-ionizationinalongitudinaldischargeCO2laserispresented.Thelasertubeismadeofglasswithinnerdiameterof7.5mmanddischargelengthof50cm.Thelaserperformancecharacteristicsasfunctionsofparameters,suchaspressure,chargingcapacitanceandappliedvoltage,areinvestigated.Comparedwiththesamelaserstructurewithoutpre-ionization,themaximumpulseenergyimprovesby23%,theoptimumelectro-opticalefficiencyincreasesby31%,andthespecificoutputenergyreaches26J/(L·atm).
简介:Fora〈r〈b,theapproachofLiandZhou(2014)isadoptedtofindjointLaplacetransformsofoccupationtimesoverintervals(a,r)and(r,b)foratimehomogeneousdiffusionprocessbeforeitfirstexitsfromeitheraorb.Theresultsareexpressedintermsofsolutionstothedifferentialequationsassociatedwiththediffusionsgenerator.Applyingtheseresults,weobtainmoreexplicitex-pressionsonthejointLaplacetransformsofoccupationtimesforBrownianmotionwithdrift,BrownianmotionwithalternatingdriftandskewBrownianmotion,respectively.
简介:Pre-mRNAsplicingisafundamentalprocessrequiredfortheexpressionofmostmetazoangenes.Itiscarriedoutbythespliceosomethatcatalyzestheremovalofnon-codingintronsequencestoligateexonsintomaturemRNApriortotransportandtranslation.Thepurposeofourstudyistoexplorewhethertheinvitrounlabeledpre-mRNAsplicingassaycouldbeperformedasanalternativemethodofsplicingreactionotherthantheradiolabeledone.Twodifferentsplicingmethodsinvitro,Plabeledandunlabeledpre-mRNAasthesubstratesinthereaction,wereinvestigated.TheradiolabeledproductswerevisualizedbyautoradiographywhiletheunlabeledproductswereobservedbyEthidiumBromide(EB)staining.Asaresult,althoughtherearemoreunspecificbandsintheEBstainingassaythan32Plabeledone,theRNAproductsofinvitrosplicingcouldbeobservedclearly.Thissuggeststhattheunlabeledpre-mRNAsplicingassaycanbeanoptionalsubstitutionfortheisotope-labeledassay.
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简介:Detainees’rightsinpre-trialdetentionhousesareameansofassessingacountry’shumanrightsprotection.Asalegalfacilityforcarryingoutcriminaldetention,apre-trialdetentionhouseshouldremainneutralandsafeguarddetainees’substantiveandproceduralrights.Itshouldbeanimportantbaseforthecountrytorespectandprotecthumanrights.Atthemacrolevel,protectingdetainees’rightscomprisestwoaspects:1)proceduralrights,regardingwhichtheprincipleofpresumptionofinnocenceshouldbeapplied;and2)detaineetreatment,regardingwhichtheprincipleofsocializationshouldbeapplied.AtthecurrentstageofChina’srightsprotectionsituation,Chinashouldimprovedetainees’rights,suchastherighttohaveanindividualbed,therightstohealthcareandreligiousfreedom,rulesregardingtheuseoflegirons,andtransparencyandindependentmonitoringmechanisms.
简介:Thedistributionofacetylcholinesterase(AChE)-positivestructuresinthedevelopingratspinalcordwasstudiedwithAChE-histochemistry.AChE-positiveperikaryawerefirstseenonembryonicday14(E14)intheventrolateralportionofthespinalcord.Fromthattimeonward.AChE=containingcellsappearedgraduallyintheintermediategray,dorsalhornandlateralspinalnucleusofthespinalcordinaventral-to-dorsal,andlateral-to-medialorder.Noobviousrostral-to-caudalsequencewasfound.Atbirth,thedistributionpatternofAChE-positiveperikaryawasbasicallysimilartothatinadults.AfterbirthadramaticincreaseintheAChEstainingintensityextendedfrompostnatalday5(P5)topostnatalday21(P21),Inaddition,twophasesoftransientAChEstainingwereobservedintheexternalsurfaceofthedorsalhornfromembryonicday15(E15)toembryonicday21(E21)andinthemarginallayerfromembryonicday21(E21)topostnatalday14(P14),respectively.