简介：IntheprocessofsolvingEulervectorsbasedonGNSShorizontalmovementfield,thenumberofestimatedparameterscanaffectEulervectorresults.Thisissueisanalyzedthroughtheoreticaldeductionandpracticalexampleinthispaper.Firstly,thedifferencebetweentheresultsofEulervectorsindifferentsolvingmodelsisdeduced.Meanwhile,basedonGNSShorizontalmovementfieldintheChinesemainlandfrom2004to2007,twocommonmodels(RRMandREHSM)areusedtodiscusstheimpactofsolvingmodelsonEulervectorsandthefollow-upstudy.Theresultshowsthatthemaximumvalueofthedifferenceinablock’sentirerotationcanreach2.6mm/a,andshouldnotbeignored.Therefore,theresultsofhorizontalmovementaredifferentusingdifferentkinematicblockmodels,andthisshouldbepaidmoreattentionintheanalysisofcrustalhorizontalmovement.

简介：Internationallyearthquakeinsurance,likeallotherinsurance(fire,auto),adoptedactuarialapproachinthepast,whichis,basedonhistoricallossexperiencetodetermineinsurancerate.Duetothefactthatearthquakeisarareeventwithsevereconsequence,irrationaldeterminationofpremiumrateandlackofunderstandingscaleofpotentiallossledtomanyinsurancecompaniesinsolventafterNorthridgeearthquakein1994.Alongwithrecentadvancesinearthscience,computerscienceandengineering,computerizedlossestimationmethodologiesbasedonfirstprincipleshavebeendevelopedtothepointthatlossesfromdestructiveearthquakescanbequantifiedwithreasonableaccuracyusingscientificmodelingtechniques.ThispaperintendstointroducehowengineeringmodelscanassisttoquantifyearthquakeriskandhowinsuranceindustrycanusethisinformationtomanagetheirriskintheUnitedStatesandabroad.

简介：Theoptimalmatrixmethodandoptimalelementalmethodusedtoupdatefiniteelementmodelsmaynotprovideaccurateresults.Thissituationoccurswhenthetestmodalmodelisincomplete,asisoftenthecaseinpractice.Animprovedoptimalelementalmethodispresentedthatdefinesanewobjectivefunction,andasabyproduct,circumventstheneedformassnormalizedmodalshapes,whicharealsonotreadilyavailableinpractice.Tosolvethegroupofnonlinearequationscreatedbytheimprovedoptimalmethod,theLagrangemultipliermethodandMatlabfunctionfminconareemployed.Todealwithactualcomplexstructures,thefloat-encodinggeneticalgorithm(FGA)isintroducedtoenhancethecapabilityoftheimprovedmethod.Twoexamples,a7-degreeoffreedom(DOF)mass-springsystemanda53-DOFplanarframe,respectively,areupdatedusingtheimprovedmethod.Thcexampleresultsdemonstratetheadvantagesoftheimprovedmethodoverexistingoptimalmethods,andshowthatthegeneticalgorithmisaneffectivewaytoupdatethemodelsusedforactualcomplexstructures.

简介：ThispapermakesaprobeintotheapplicationoftheKalmanfilteringmethodtothedataprocessingofacross-faultmeasurements.Onthebasisofstatisticalregression,themathematicandstochasticmodelsoffiltrationareestablishedbycombiningtheregressionmethodwithKalmanfiltering.Inthefilteringcomputation,notonlytherandomnessoffaultmovementsbutalsothetime-dependentvariationofenvironmentaleffectshavebeentakenintoconsideration.Byuseoftheadaptivefilteringmethod,anestimationofthedynamicnoisevariancematrixisobtainedthroughiteration.Modelsforonemeasuringline(levelinglineorbaseline),twomeasuringlines(bothlevelinglinesorbothbaselines)andfourmeasuringlines(twolevelinglinesandtwobaselines)arederivedandestablishedsystematically.Bymeansofthesemodels,thedataofacross-faultmeasurementscanbeprocesseddynamicallyinreal-timetoprovidethefilteredvaluesofheightdifferencebetweenbenchmarksorbaselinelengthatdifferenttimein

简介：一个修订实验模型为作为两回答的一个函数预言导致液化的侧面的传播排水量(LD)被开发了光谱从YoudsLD数据从强壮运动的变细模型和geotechnical参数导出的加速设定(Youd网站)。这个修订模型与张和赵的模型不同，它为预言侧面的传播克服了更早的模型的一些缺点并且首先在日本和西方的美国被使用如果摇晃扎根，修订模型能潜在地被使用在任何地方(以5%抑制加速或排水量反应系列)能用本地强壮运动的变细关系被估计。修订模特儿从日本和西方的美国用数据被检查并且适用于土耳其和新西兰，在扎根的摇晃为每个区域用适当强壮运动的变细关系被估计的地方。修订模型的精确性被把它的预言的侧面的排水量与那些在实际地震测量了作比较评估。结果证明修订模型能在侧面的传播排水量上说明本地seismicity的效果并且与存在预言模型一起是可比较的。

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简介：Athree-dimensionalrigidbodyontheshapeofaparallelepipedismodelledinordertorockonasideoravertexofthebase,inordertoevaluatetheseismicresponseofrigidblockslyingonahorizontalsupport.Thecenterofmassofthebodyisconsideredaseccentricwithrespecttoitsgeometriccenter.Asseismicinput,threeItalianrecordedaccelerograms,withdifferentspectralcontent,areused.Thestudyismainlyconductedtohighlightthedifferencesbetweentheseismicresponseof2Dand3Dmodelsofrigidblocks,withtheaimtounderstandif,insomecases,theuseofthe3Dmodelofrigidblockisrequiredtoobtainsaferresults.Infact,theoutcomesshowthatinsomerangesofthegeometricalandmechanicalparametersthatcharacterizetheexcitationandthebody,atwo-dimensionalmodel,whichisnotabletoconsiderthe3Drockingonavertex,canprovideunsaferesults.Inparticular,itisfoundthattheoverturningprocessofthethree-dimensionalblockcanoccurunderexcitationswhicharelowerthanthosewhichoverturnacorrespondingtwo-dimensionalblock.

简介：Thecorrelationofthescaledenergy,e?=Es/M0,versusearthquakemagnitude,Ms,isstudiedbasedontwomodels:(1)Model1basedontheuseofthetimefunctionoftheaveragedisplacements,withax-2sourcespectrum,acrossafaultplane;and(2)Model2basedontheuseofthetimefunctionoftheaveragedisplacements,withax-3sourcespectrum,acrossafaultplane.Forthesecondmodel,therearetwocases:(a)Ass*T,wheresistherisetimeandTtherupturetime,lg(e?)*-Ms;and(b)AssT,lg(e?)*-(1/2)Ms.Thesecondmodelleadstoanegativevalueofe?.ThismeansthatModel2cannotworkforstudyingthepresentproblem.TheresultsobtainedfromModel1suggestthatthesourcemodelisafactor,yetnotauniqueone,incontrollingthecorrelationofe?versusMs.

简介：一个方法被建议在设计实践为使用估计地震soil-structure-interaction(SSI)效果。它对受到的2D结构适用垂直地事件砍波浪由同质的一半空间支持了。自从它保留简洁，方法是吸引人的光谱途径，克服一些困难和存在古典技术的不确，然而，它考虑身体上一致的刺激。简洁的这水平通过回答被完成能被用于免费地的5%阻尼反应系列产出设计的系列修正因素光谱考虑散布运动的纵标由相互作用效果介绍了。修正因素在结构的相对排水量和免费地的运动之间的转移功能(TF)是代表性的，它以它的最大的振幅被描述并且联系了频率。由练习工程师计算修正因素的表情被建议用实际结构的576盒子代表在参量的研究之上基于。方法在跨越大量普通基本颤动时期的10种情况中被测试。

简介：structure-foundation-soil的考虑动态相互作用是在原子力量设备的地震安全的评估的一个基本要求。一个有效、精确的动态相互作用在时间领域的数字模型成为了当前的研究的一个重要话题。在这研究，放大边界有限元素方法(SBFEM)与好申请前景用作一条有效数字途径被改进。这个方法有几个优点，包括维数减小，光线的分析答案的精确性，和不同其它边界元素方法，它不要求一个基本答案。这研究集中于证实高效放大了边界在时间领域的有限元素相互作用分析模型基于加速单位推动反应矩阵，在哪个几种新溶液技术，例如一个无尺寸的方法到解决相互作用力量，被使用改进实际土壤参数的数字稳定性并且减少计算的数量。最后，领域方法被原子力量结构和算法的精确性的反应说明的时间的可行性被比较动态地与一个大规模粘弹性的土壤模型的精炼验证。

简介：桥的以前的失败分析典型地独立集中于基础失败或上层建筑失败。在一座实际的桥，然而，地震导致的基础失败和上层建筑失败可以影响对方。而且，以前的研究典型地使用简化模型分析桥失败；然而，与使用相比在计算精确性有固有的缺点一详细说明三维(3D)有限元素(FE)模型。相反地，一个详细3DFE模型要求更计算的费用，和3D元素的一个合适的侵蚀标准是必要的。在这份报纸，包括一个相应侵蚀标准，一个多尺度的FE模型显著地被求婚并且验证那个罐头由建模与高精确减少计算费用增强的水泥(RC)的伪dynamic测试墩。一座连续RC桥的地震失败的数字模拟基于用LS-DYNA为方法建模的多尺度的FE被执行。桥，各种各样的连接力量和双向刺激的非线性的性质被考虑。数字结果证明连接的失败将导致girders的大跳的回答。墩的非线性的变丑将加重跳的损坏。而且，双向地震将导致怪癖的跳到girders和不同失败模式到邻近的墩。

简介：ThisstudyproposesaGreen’sfunction,anessentialrepresentationofwater-saturatedgroundundermovingexcitation,tosimulategroundbornevibrationfromtrains.First,generalsolutionstothegoverningequationsofporoelasticmediumarederivedbymeansofintegraltransform.Secondly,thetransmissionandreflectionmatrixapproachisusedtoformulatetherelationshipbetweendisplacementandstressofthestratifiedground,whichresultsinthematrixoftheGreen’sfunction.ThentheGreen’sfunctioniscombinedintoatrain-track-groundmodel,andisverifiedbytypicalexamplesandafieldtest.Additionalsimulationsshowthatthecomputedgroundvibrationattenuatesfasterintheimmediatevicinityofthetrackthaninthesurroundingarea.Thewavelengthofwheel-railunevennesshasanotableeffectoncomputeddisplacementandporepressure.Thevariationofvibrationintensitywiththedepthofgroundissignificantlyinfluencedbythelayeringofthestratasoil.WhenthetrainspeedisequaltothevelocityoftheRayleighwave,theMachconeappearsinthesimulatedwavefield.TheproposedGreen’sfunctionisanappropriaterepresentationforalayeredgroundwithshallowgroundwatertable,andwillbehelpfultounderstandthedynamicresponsesofthegroundtocomplicatedmovingexcitation.

简介：Anew3Dvelocitymodelofthecrustanduppermantleinthesoutheastern(SE)marginoftheTibetanplateauwasobtainedbyjointinversionofbody-andsurface-wavedata.Forthebody-wavedata,weused7190eventsrecordedby102stationsintheSEmarginoftheTibetanplateau.Thesurface-wavedataconsistofRayleighwavephasevelocitydispersioncurvesobtainedfromambientnoisecross-correlationanalysisrecordedbyadensearrayintheSEmarginoftheTibetanplateau.ThejointinversionclearlyimprovesthevSmodelbecauseitisconstrainedbybothdatatypes.Theresultsshowthatataround10kmdepththerearetwolow-velocityanomaliesembeddedwithinthreehigh-velocitybodiesalongtheLongmenshanfaultsystem.Thesehigh-velocitybodiescorrespondwellwiththePrecambrianmassifs,andthetwolocatedtothenortheastof2013MS7.0Lushanearthquakeareassociatedwithhighfaultslipareasduringthe2008Wenchuanearthquake.Theaftershockgapbetween2013Lushanearthquakeand2008Wenchuanearthquakeisassociatedwithlow-velocityanomalies,whichalsoactsasabarrierzoneforrupturesoftwoearthquakes.Generallylargeearthquakes(M≥5)intheregionoccurringfrom2008to2015arelocatedaroundthehigh-velocityzones,indicatingthattheymayactasasperitiesfortheselargeearthquakes.Jointinversionresultsalsoclearlyshowthatthereexistlow-velocityorweakzonesinthemid-lowercrust,whicharenotevenlydistributedbeneaththeSEmarginofTibetanplateau.