简介：A2×2factorialcrossbetweentwopopulationsofPacificabaloneHaliotisdiscushannaiIno,collectedseparatelyfromDalian(D)inChinaandMiyagi(M)inJapan,wasconductedtocompareperformancesinfertilizationrate,hatchingrate,metamorphosisrateandgrowthatdays20,43,160and330betweenpurebreds(DDandMM)andcrossbreds(DMandMD)andinvestigatethemagnitudeofheterobeltiosis(betterparent)andheterosis(mid-parent).HeterobeltiosisandheterosisforallthetraitsanalyzedwereevidentlydifferentbetweencrossbredsDMandMD.HeterobeltiosisinthecrossbredDMvariedamongtraits,withvaluesof2.5%forthefertilizationrate,2.2%forthehatchingrate,-1.9%forthemetamorphosisrateand7.4%forthegrowthattheday330.ThecrossbredDMdisplayedpositiveheteroticvaluesforfertilizationrate(5.4%),hatchingrate(7.4%),metamorphosisrate(7.6%)andgrowth(12.0%)attheday330.However,bothheterobeltiosisandheterosisforallthetraitsinthecrossbredMDwerenegativeexceptthoseforthegrowthatdays20and43.TheresultsindicatetheimportanceofselectingsuperiorhybridvarietiesiftheexploitationofhybridvigorisconsideredinthePacificabalonebreedingprogram.

简介：TheRedRiverFaultZoneisagiganticslide-slipfaultzoneextendingupto1000kmfromTibettoSouthChinaSea.Ithasbeendividedintothenorth,centralandsouthsegmentsaccordingtothedifferenceofthegeometry,kinetics,andseismicityontheland,butaccordingtothecontactedrelationshipbetweentheoldpre-CenozoicblockinIndochinaPeninsulaandtheSouthChinablock,theRedRiverFaultZonewasdividedintotwopartsextendingfromlandtoocean,thenorthandsouthsegments.SincetheTertiary,theRedRiverFaultZonesufferedfirstthesinistralmovementandthenthedextralmovement.Theactivitiesofthenorthandthesouthsegmentsweredifferent.Basedontheanalysisofearthquakesandfocalmechanismsolutions,earthquakeswiththefocusdepthsof0-33kmaredistributedoverthewholeregionandmoredeepearthquakesaredistributedonthenortheasternsidesoftheRedRiverfault.Typesoffaultingactivitiesarethethrustinthenorthwest,thenormalinthenorthandthestrike-slipinthesouth,withtheoddtype,viz.thetransitiontype,intheotherregion.TheseshowtheRedRiverFaultZoneanditsadjacentregionsufferedtheextrudingforceinNNWdirectionandthenormalstressinNEEdirectionanditmakesthefaultintheregionextrude-thrust,horizontalstrike-slipandextensionalnormalmovement.

简介：Thecorrelationofthescaledenergy,e?=Es/M0,versusearthquakemagnitude,Ms,isstudiedbasedontwomodels:(1)Model1basedontheuseofthetimefunctionoftheaveragedisplacements,withax-2sourcespectrum,acrossafaultplane;and(2)Model2basedontheuseofthetimefunctionoftheaveragedisplacements,withax-3sourcespectrum,acrossafaultplane.Forthesecondmodel,therearetwocases:(a)Ass*T,wheresistherisetimeandTtherupturetime,lg(e?)*-Ms;and(b)AssT,lg(e?)*-(1/2)Ms.Thesecondmodelleadstoanegativevalueofe?.ThismeansthatModel2cannotworkforstudyingthepresentproblem.TheresultsobtainedfromModel1suggestthatthesourcemodelisafactor,yetnotauniqueone,incontrollingthecorrelationofe?versusMs.

简介：AftercompositingthreerepresentativeENSOindices,ElNioeventshavebeendividedintoaneasternpattern(EP)andacentralpattern(CP).ByusingEOF,correlationandcompositeanalysis,therelationshipandpossiblemechanismsbetweenIndianOceanDipole(IOD)andtwotypesofElNiowereinvestigated.IODevents,originatingfromIndo-Pacificscaleair-seainteraction,arecomposedoftwomodes,whichareassociatedwithEPandCPElNiorespectively.TheIODmoderelatedtoEPElNioevents(namedasIOD1)isstrongestatthedepthof50to150malongtheequatorialIndianOcean.Besides,itshowsaquasi-symmetricdistribution,strongerinthesouthoftheEquator.TheIODmodeassociatedwithCPElNio(namedasIOD2)hasstrongestsignalintropicalsouthernIndianOceansurface.Intermsofmechanisms,beforeEPElNiopeaks,anomalousWalkercirculationproducesstronganomalouseasterliesinequatorialIndianOcean,resultinginupwellingintheeast,decreasingseatemperaturethere;acoupleofanomalousanticyclones(strongerinthesouth)formofftheEquatorwherewarmwateraccumulates,andthustheIOD1occurs.WhenCPElNiodevelops,anomalousWalkercirculationisweakerandshiftsitscentertothewest,thereforeanomalouseasterliesinequatorialIndianOceanislessstrong.Besides,theanticyclonesouthofSumatrastrengthens,andthesoutherlieseastofitbringcoldwaterfromhigherlatitudesandnortherlieswestofitbringwarmwaterfromlowerlatitudestothe15°to25°Szone.Meanwhile,thereexistsstrongdivergenceintheeastandconvergenceinthewestpartoftropicalsouthernIndianOcean,makingseatemperaturefallandriseseparately.Therefore,IOD2liesfarthersouth.

简介：Biot流动和喷射流动是在包含液体的多孔的媒介的二很重要的液体流动机制。基于二机制同时被对待的BISQ(Biot喷射)模型，在多孔的媒介的有弹性的波浪地模拟被限制到二尺寸、二部件(2D2C)或二尺寸、三部件(2D3C)。波浪模拟在上没有以前的报告三尺寸、三部件。仅仅通过三维的数字模拟，我们能有在双阶段的各向异性的媒介联合在固体和液体阶段之间的关系和空间分发特征的波浪地的全面理解。在这篇论文，基于BISQ方程，我们在三维的双阶段的各向异性的媒介的现在的有弹性的波浪繁殖由蹒跚格子的高顺序的有限差别的方法模仿了。我们分析产生波浪地并且证明结果是改进。

简介：Cathodeactivityplaysanimportantroleintheimprovementofthemicrobialfuelcellsonoceanfloor(BMFCs).AcomparisonstudybetweenRayon-based(CF-R)andPAN-basedcarbonfiber(CF-P)cathodesisconductedinthepaper.Thetwocarbonfiberswereheattreatedtoimprovecellperformance(CF-R-H&CF-P-H),andwereusedtobuildanewBMFCsstructurewithafoamycarbonanode.Themaximumpowerdensitywas112.42mWm-forCF-R-H,followedby66.6mWm-2forCF-R,49.7mWm-2forCF-P-Hand21.6mWm-2forCF-Prespectively.ThehigherspecificareaanddeepgroovemakeCF-RhaveabetterpoweroutputthanwithCF-P.Meanwhile,heattreatmentofcarbonfibercanimprovecellpower,nearlytwo-foldhigherthanheattreatmentofplainfiber.Thisimprovementmaybeduetothequinonesgroupformationtoacceleratethereductionofoxygenandelectrontransferonthefibersurfaceinthethreephaseboundaryafterheattreatment.ComparedtoPAN-basedcarbonfiber,Rayon-basedcarbonfiberwouldbepreferentiallyselectedascathodeinnovelBMFCsdesignduetoitshighsurfacearea,lowcostandhigherpower.Thecomparisonresearchissignificantforcathodematerialselectionandcelldesign.

简介：two-time-level，三维的数字海洋发行量模型(命名MASNUM)与一个二水平的、单个步的Eulerian提交向后时差计划被建立。大规模海洋的运动的一个数学模型基于协调的地面追随者，Boussinesq，海洋动力学的平均Reynolds的原始方程。一个简单却很实际的Eulerian提交向后方法被采用为barotropic和baroclinic模式作为时差方法代替大多数比较喜欢的跳蛙游戏计划。提交向后方法具有精确性的秒顺序，由每时间步要求一仅仅功能评估计算地有效，并且没有在三水平的计划固有的计算模式。这个方法比跳蛙游戏计划优异因为稳定性的最大的时间步骤这样象在蹒跚的网孔的跳蛙游戏计划的一样两次大计算效率能被加倍。一个空间变光滑方法被介绍在数字集成控制非线性的不稳定性。模仿赤道的Rossbysoliton的繁殖的一个理想的数字实验被执行测试振幅和这个新模型的阶段错误。这个发行量模型的表演进一步被验证与一地区性(西北太平洋)并且一伪全球(有排除的北极海洋的全球海洋模拟)模拟实验。这二个数字实验与观察显示出相当好的同意。在这二个实验的稳定性的最大的时间步也在采用跳蛙游戏计划的这个模型和那个模型之间被调查并且比较。

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简介：-Inthispaper,ananalyticalsolutionintheouterregionoffinitewaterdepthisderivedforthesecond-orderdiffractionpotential,whichgivesaclearphysicalmeaningofthewavetransmissionandreflectioncharacteristicsinthefarfield.Anumericalmethod-simpleGreen’sfunctiontechnique-forcalculatingthesecond-orderdiffractionpotentialintheinnerregionisalsodescribed.Numericalresultsareprovidedforthesecond-orderwaveforcesonasemi-submergedcylinder.Itisfoundthatthecontributionofsecond-orderdiffractionpotentialtosecond-orderwaveforcesisimportant.Theeffectofwaterdepthandsubmergeddepthonthewaveforceisalsodiscussed.

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简介：ThestrongadaptabilityofBroussonetiapapyrifera(L.)Vent.tolowphosphorus(P)conditionscanbeattributedtothelargeamountofroot-exudedorganicacidsandthehighef?ciencyofPextraction.However,microelementcontentsarein?uencedbylow-Pstress,andtheireffectsonthephotosyntheticcapabilityofB.papyriferaremainunknown.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedtheeffectsoflow-Ptreatmentonnetphotosyntheticrate(P_N);chlorophylla?uorescence(ChlF)characteristics;andFe,Mn,Cu,andZncontentsofB.papyriferaandMorusalbaL.seedlings.ResultsshowthatB.papyriferaexhibitedbetterphotosyntheticcapabilityundermoderatePde?-ciency(0.125,0.063,and0.031mmol/LPtreatments),whereasthephotosyntheticcapabilityofM.albadecreasedundermoderateandseverePde?ciency(0.016and0mmol/LPtreatments).UndermoderatePde?ciency,thedecreaseinCuandZncontentsinB.papyriferawaslowerthanthatinM.alba.UnderseverePde?ciency,aconsiderabledecreaseofphotosyntheticcapabilityinB.papyriferaandM.albawasassociatedwithlowCuandZncontents.ThePNofthetwoMoraceaespeciesexhibitedabettercorrelationwithCuandZncontentsthanwithFeorMncontent.Pde?ciencycouldnotonlydecreasecyclicphotophorylationandphotosyntheticef?ciency,butcouldalsoaffectthestabilityofthylakoidmembranestructureandelectrontransportef?ciencybyin?uencingthecontentsofCuorZn,therebyaffectingphotosynthesis.

简介：二斜角肌的Antiplane反应由嘘波浪的三角形的山和一个半圆柱的峡谷用波浪功能扩大和复杂功能方法被学习。第一，分析模型被划分成三部分，和波浪领域的排水量答案在三个区域基于边界条件被构造。三个领域然后被结合在分享的边界满足连词条件。另外，与半圆柱的峡谷的零压力的条件结合了，为这个问题的一系列无限的代数学的方程被导出。最后，数字例子被提供，地面运动上的不同参数的影响被讨论。

简介：Aciladivaricata(Hinds,1843)andA.mirabilis(AdamsandReeve,1850)arecommonbenthicbivalvesinChina.Anumberofresearchershaveproposedthatthelatterspeciesisajuniorsynonymoftheformerspecies.Becauseofmorphologicalsimilarities,itisdifficulttodistinguishthesetwospeciesbasedonvisualexaminationonly.Forbetterunderstandingoftheirtaxonomy,themitochondrialCOIgenefragmentsoffiveindividualsofA.divaricatafromtheEastChinaSeaandsixindividualsofA.mirabilisfromtheYellowSeaweresequencedinthisstudy.ThephylogeneticrelationshipsoftheobtainedCOIsequences,togetherwithnineteensequencesofthreespeciesofthegenusNucula,wereanalyzed.Thepairwiseintra-andinter-specificdistancesfortheCOIsequencesrangedfrom0.002to0.017andfrom0.128to0.134,respectively,andnooverlapwasfound.Phylogenetically,A.divaricataandA.mirabilisformdistinctcladesandclusterintoasistertoallotherNuculaspecies.TheresultsindicatedthatA.divaricataandA.mirabilisaretwodistinctspecies.Thedifferencesinthemorphologyanddistributionbetweenthetwospecieswerebrieflydiscussed.

简介：TheconcentrationsofCd,Cu,Pb,Zn,NiandFeweredeterminedinthesurfacesedimentandmarinegastropodNeritalineatacollectedinMay2005fromtheintertidalzoneofDumai,Sumatera,IndonesiaandJohor,PeninsularMalaysia.TheresultsshowedthatmetalconcentrationsinsedimentandthesofttissueofN.lineatavariedatdifferentsamplingstations.Meanheavymetalconcentrationswere0.92μg/g(Cd);6.40μg/g(Cu);32.77μg/g(Pb);54.41μg/g(Zn);11.56μg/g(Ni)and2.97%(Fe)insedimentfromDumaiand1.15μg/g(Cd);26.73μg/g(Cu);53.45μg/g(Pb);130.77μg/g(Zn);20.79μg/g(Ni)and2.72%(Fe)insedimentfromJohor.ConcentrationsofmetalsingastropodN.lineatawere0.71μg/g(Cd);15.16μg/g(Cu);9.35μg/g(Pb);94.69μg/g(Zn);5.08μg/g(Ni)and397.97μg/g(Fe)insamplesfromDumaiand1.24μg/g(Cd);18.02μg/g(Cu);19.75μg/g(Pb);95.09μg/g(Zn);5.57μg/g(Ni)and473.56μg/g(Fe)insamplesfromJohor.Althoughtheywerenotstatisticallysignificant(p>0.05),heavymetalconcentrationsinN.lineatawerecorrelatedwiththeconcentrationsofrespectivemetalsinsedimentinbothsamplesfromDumaiandJohor.Ingeneral,samplesofsedimentandgastropodfromJohoraccumulatedsignificantlyhigherheavymetalconcentrationswhencomparedtosamplesfromDumai(p<0.05).HigherconcentrationsofmetalswererecordedinsamplescollectedfromthestationsclosetotheindustrialandanthropogenicactivitiesinbothDumaiandJohorareas.However,mostoftheconcentrationswerestillcomparabletothepreviousreportedstudiesfromothergeographicalareas.

简介：Icenucleatingparticle（INP）measurementsweremadeattwohigh-altitudestationsinIndia.AerosolscollectedonfilterpaperatGirawaliObservatory,InterUniversityCenterforAstronomy&Astrophysics（IGO）,andattheRadioAstronomyCenter,Ooty（RAC）,wereactivatedindepositionmodeusingathermalgradientdiffusionchambertodeterminetheINPconcentrations.ThemeasurementcampaignsatIGOwereconductedduring2011,2013and2014,andatRACduring2013and2014.Whentheaerosolsampleswereexposedtoanicesupersaturationofbetween5%and23%inthetemperaturerange-17.6?Cto-22?C,themaximumINPnumberconcentrationatIGOandRACwas1.0L-1and1.6L-1,respectively.Amaximumcorrelationcoefficientof0.76wasobservedbetweentheINPnumberconcentrationandicesupersaturation.TheairmasstrajectoriesanalyzedforthemeasurementcampaignsshowedthattheArabianDesertandaridregionswerethemainINPcontributors.ElementalanalysisofparticlesshowedthepresenceofNa,Cl,Si,Al,Fe,Cu,Co,Cd,S,MnandK,aswellassomerare-EarthelementslikeMo,Ru,La,Ce,VandZr.Whenaerosolsinthesizerange0.5–20μmwereconsidered,thefractionthatactedasINPswas1:104to1:106atIGO,and1:103to1:104atRAC.ThehigherratioofINPstoaerosolsatRACthanIGOmaybeattributabletothepresenceofrare-EarthelementsobservedintheaerosolsamplesatRAC,whichwereabsentatIGO.

简介：Ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　ｔｗｏ　ｐｏｌａｒ　ｃｏｌｄ　ｓｏｕｒｃｅ　ａｎｄ　ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ　ｏｃｅａｎ　ｈｅａｔ　ｓｏｕｒｃｅ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇ　ｇｌｏｂａｌ　ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ　ｃｈａｎｇｅＸｉｅＳｉｍｅｉ，ＢａｏＣｈｅｎｇｌａｎａ...

简介：三个功能的模特儿，多项式，光谱分析，和修改AR当模特儿，基于从双向卫星时间和频率转移导出的数据顺序在恰当、预言的钟偏差被学习并且比较。柔韧的当量被使用，它控制无关的观察的重要影响。一些结论证明柔韧的评价的预言精确比LS的好。从弄平的观察计算的预言精确比从采样观察计算了高。作为在钟偏差顺序的明显的时期变化的一个计数，多项式模型的预言的价值是难以置信的。光谱分析模型的预言精确是很低的，但是主要时期能是坚定的。6小时的推测间隔的预言RMS是1ns左右，当修改AR模型被使用时。

简介：Codfishisakindofabyssalfishspecieswithagreatvalueinfoodindustry.However,theflavorofcodfish,especiallytheunpleasantodor,hascausedseriousproblemsinitsprocessing.Toaccuratelyidentifythevolatilecompoundsincodfish,acombinationofsolidphasemicro-extraction(SPME)methodandsimultaneousdistillationextraction(SDE)methodwasusedtoextractthevolatiles.Gaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)alongwithKovatsindices(KI)andauthenticstandardcompoundswereusedtoidentifythevolatiles.Theresultsshowedthatatotalof86volatilecompoundswereidentifiedincodfish,ofthem24wereextractedbySDE,69compoundsbySPME,and10compoundsbybothSDEandSPME.Seventyvolatilecompoundswerefoundtohavespecificodors,ofthem7typicalcompoundscontributedsignificantlytotheflavorofcodfish.Alcohols(i.e.,(E)-2-penten-1-oland2-octanol),esters(i.e.,ethylbutyrateandmethylgeranate),aldehydes(i.e.,2-dodecenalandpentadecanal)contributedthemosttofreshflavorwhilenitrogencompounds,sulphurcompounds,furans,aswellassomeketones(i.e.,2-hydroxy-3-pentanone)broughtunpleasantodor,suchasfishyandearthyodor.ItwasindicatedthatthecombinationofmultipleextractionmethodsandGC-MSanalysiscanenhancetheaccuracyofidentification,andprovideareferenceforthefurtherstudyonflavorofaquaticproducts.

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