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  • 简介:摘要在环境γ辐射连续监测方面,G-M计数管得到了一定程度的应用。基于这种情况,本文对G-M计数管的工作原理和信号输出特点展开了分析,在此基础上从灵敏度、能量响应和测量范围三个方面对计数管应用问题展开了分析,并且提出了应对措施,为环境辐射连续监测工作的开展提供参考。

  • 标签: G-M计数管 环境连续监测 &gamma 辐射
  • 简介:AbstractBackground:Cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important process. The present study aimed to assess the protective effects of astaxanthin (ASX) on cardiac remodeling after AMI.Methods:The study was conducted between April and September 2018. To create a rat AMI model, rats were anesthetized, and the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated. The rats in the ASX group received 10 mg·kg-1·day-1 ASX by gavage for 28 days. On the 1st day after AMI, but before ASX administration, six rats from each group were sacrificed to evaluate changes in the heart function and peripheral blood (PB) levels of inflammatory factors. On the 7th day after AMI, eight rats from each group were sacrificed to evaluate the PB levels of inflammatory factors and the M2 macrophage count using both immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry (FC). The remaining rats were observed for 28 days. Cardiac function was examined using echocardiography. The inflammatory factors, namely, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-10, were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The heart weight/body weight (BW), and lung weight (LW)/BW ratios were calculated, and myocardial fibrosis in the form of collagen volume fraction was measured using Masson trichrome staining. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to determine the myocardial infarct size (MIS), and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining was used to analyze the myocardial apoptosis index. The levels of apoptosis-related protein, type I/III collagen, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and caspase 3 were assessed by Western blotting. Unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data.Results:On day 1, cardiac function was worse in the ASX group than in the sham group (left ventricular end-systolic diameter [LVIDs]: 0.72 ± 0.08 vs. 0.22 ± 0.06 cm, t= -11.38; left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [LVIDd]: 0.89 ± 0.09 vs. 0.48 ± 0.05 cm, t= -9.42; end-systolic volume [ESV]: 0.80 [0.62, 0.94] vs. 0.04 [0.03, 0.05] mL, Z = -2.89; end-diastolic volume [EDV]: 1.39 [1.03, 1.49] vs. 0.28 [0.22, 0.32] mL, Z = -2.88; ejection fraction [EF]: 0.40 ± 0.04 vs. 0.86 ± 0.05, t= 10.00; left ventricular fractional shortening [FS] rate: 0.19 [0.18, 0.20] %FS vs. 0.51 [0.44, 0.58] %FS, Z = -2.88, all P < 0.01; n = 6). The levels of inflammatory factors significantly increased (TNF-α: 197.60 [133.89, 237.94] vs. 50.48 [47.21 57.10] pg/mL, Z= -2.88; IL-1β: 175.23 [160.74, 215.09] vs. 17.78 [16.83, 19.56] pg/mL, Z = -2.88; IL-10: 67.64 [58.90, 71.46] vs. 12.33 [11.64, 13.98] pg/mL, Z = -2.88, all P < 0.01; n = 6). On day 7, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were markedly lower in the ASX group than in the AMI group (TNF-α: 71.70 [68.60, 76.00] vs. 118.07 [106.92, 169.08] pg/mL, F = 42.64; IL-1β: 59.90 [50.83, 73.78] vs. 151.60 [108.4, 198.36] pg/mL, F = 44.35, all P < 0.01, n = 8). Conversely, IL-10 levels significantly increased (141.84 [118.98, 158.36] vs. 52.96 [42.68, 74.52] pg/mL, F= 126.67, P < 0.01, n = 8). The M2 macrophage count significantly increased (2891.42 ± 211.29 vs. 1583.38 ± 162.22, F= 274.35, P < 0.01 by immunofluorescence test; 0.96 ± 0.18 vs. 0.36 ± 0.05, F= 46.24, P < 0.05 by flowcytometry test). On day 28, cardiac function was better in the ASX group than in the AMI group (LVIDs: 0.50 [0.41, 0.56] vs. 0.64 [0.56, 0.74] cm, Z = -3.60; LVIDd: 0.70 [0.60, 0.76] vs. 0.80 [0.74 0.88] cm, Z = -2.96; ESV: 0.24 [0.18, 0.45] vs. 0.58 [0.44, 0.89] mL, Z = -3.62; EDV: 0.76 [0.44, 1.04] vs. 1.25 [0.82, 1.46] mL, Z = -2.54; EF: 0.60 ± 0.08 vs. 0.50 ± 0.12, F= 160.48; % FS: 0.29 [0.24, 0.31] vs. 0.20 [0.17, 0.21], Z = -4.43, all P < 0.01; n = 16). The MIS and LW/BW ratio were markedly lower in the ASX group than in the AMI group (myocardial infarct size: 32.50 ± 1.37 vs. 50.90 ± 1.73, t = 23.63, P < 0.01, n = 8; LW/BW: 1.81 ± 0.15 vs. 2.17 ± 0.37, t= 3.66, P = 0.01, n = 16). The CVF was significantly lower in the ASX group than in the AMI group: 12.88 ± 2.53 vs. 28.92 ± 3.31, t = 10.89, P < 0.01, n = 8. The expression of caspase 3, TGF-β1, MMP9, and type I/III collagen was lower in the ASX group than in the AMI group (caspase 3: 0.38 ± 0.06 vs. 0.66 ± 0.04, t= 8.28; TGF-β1: 0.37 ± 0.04 vs. 0.62 ± 0.07, t = 6.39; MMP9: 0.20 ± 0.06 vs. 0.40 ± 0.06, t = 4.62; type I collagen: 0.42 ± 0.09 vs. 0.74 ± 0.07, t = 5.73; type III collagen: 0.13 ± 0.02 vs. 0.74 ± 0.07, t = 4.32, all P < 0.01; n = 4).Conclusions:ASX treatment after AMI may promote M2 macrophages and effectively attenuate cardiac remodeling by inhibiting inflammation and reducing myocardial fibrosis.

  • 标签: Astaxanthin Macrophages Myocardial infarction
  • 简介:摘要线粒体糖尿病又名母系遗传糖尿病伴耳聋(MIDD),能够影响3%的糖尿病患者,约85%的MIDD与m.3243A>G突变相关。MIDD临床表现多样,诊治困难,本文结合最新证据对m.3243A>G突变相关MIDD的特征、诊断、评估、治疗等方面进行综述,以期为MIDD的临床应对提供支持。

  • 标签: 糖尿病 线粒体糖尿病 m.3243A>G突变 诊断 治疗
  • 简介:摘要目的探讨秀丽隐杆线虫肌肉表达物3(caenorhabditis elegans muscle excess,Mex3c)参与调控小鼠胚胎神经管发育中的配对盒基因(paired box 3,PAX3)、巢蛋白(Nestin)的表达及其对于神经管发育的影响。方法选取Mex3c+/-和正常野生型小鼠各18只和正常野生型雄鼠6只(用于繁殖)。在母鼠孕10.5 d、12.5 d、14.5 d时,两组各取6只母鼠获取小鼠胚胎并记录总胚胎数、吸收胎数、存活胎数。免疫组织化学染色及蛋白质印迹法检测小鼠胚胎Nestin、PAX3表达,免疫荧光染色检测PAX3,Tunel染色检测细胞凋亡,HE染色观察形态学变化。总胚胎数、吸收胎数、存活胎数为计数资料采用卡方检测;测定的Nestin蛋白、PAX3蛋白、Mex3c蛋白、细胞凋亡数据检测符合正态分布,进行单因素方差分析及S-N-K两两比较。结果免疫组织化学染色检测母鼠下丘脑Mex3c蛋白表达,Mex3c组(16.52±1.60)较对照组(26.05±2.00)低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。各组不同时期吸收胎及总胚胎数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明缺陷Mex3c基因不会导致子代胚胎发育畸形。HE染色结果显示,与对照组相比,Mex3c组神经细胞较小、密度较低。Tunel染色结果显示,Mex3c组孕10.5 d、12.5 d、14.5 d小鼠胚胎神经管内凋亡细胞表达阳性率分别为(12.20±1.30)%、(11.20±0.84)%和(10.00±0.71)%,与对照组的(4.83±1.17)%、(5.17±0.75)%和(7.17±0.75)%比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,Nestin蛋白表达在神经纤维,PAX3蛋白表达在细胞核。免疫荧光实验检测PAX3蛋白结果显示,Mex3c组孕12.5 d和孕14.5 d小鼠胚胎PAX3蛋白表达阳性率分别为(9.20±1.30)%和(8.80±1.30)%,与对照组(5.83±0.98)%和(3.67±0.82)%比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。蛋白质印迹法结果显示,Mex3c组孕10.5 d、12.5 d、14.5 d时小鼠胚胎Nestin蛋白表达水平分别为0.06±0.02、0.57±0.09和0.69±0.04,与对照组0.79±0.07、0.39±0.14和0.27±0.07比较,Mex3c组表达呈上升趋势而对照组呈下降趋势,组间不同时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05或0.001)。Mex3c组孕10.5 d、12.5 d、14.5 d时小鼠胚胎PAX3蛋白表达水平分别为0.17±0.02、0.63±0.09和0.72±0.03,与对照组0.03±0.01、0.46±0.08和0.45±0.06比较,Mex3c组表达呈上升趋势而对照组呈下降趋势,组间不同时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01或0.001)。结论Mex3c参与调控小鼠胚胎神经管发育中PAX3、Nestin蛋白表达并抑制神经管中神经细胞发育及成熟和促使神经管内细胞凋亡。

  • 标签: 神经管 秀丽隐杆线虫肌肉表达物3 配对盒基因家族3 巢蛋白
  • 简介:摘要探讨全3D腹腔镜联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)治疗合并肝硬化肝细胞癌患者的价值。回顾分析郑州大学附属肿瘤医院行3D腹腔镜ALPPS治疗的3例合并肝硬化肝细胞癌患者资料。2021年4月至6月入院,均为男性,年龄分别为48、66、52岁。分析手术情况、肝体积增长、并发症、随访结果等。3例患者均顺利完成全3D腹腔镜下ALPPS。3例患者一期手术时间分别为285.0、210.0、235.0 min,出血量200.0、100.0、80.0 ml。二期手术前肝体积分别为228、220、209 ml,较前增长49%、67%、58%。两次手术间隔分别为26.0、15.0、17.0 d。二期手术时间为220.0、255.0、240.0 min,出血量200.0、150.0、200.0 ml。1例二期手术后出现大量腹水,给予利尿治疗后好转。均无严重出血、胆漏、感染等严重并发症。门诊复查时随访无复发转移。全3D腹腔镜ALPPS治疗剩余肝体积不足合并肝硬化肝细胞癌安全、有效,使无法手术的合并肝硬化肝细胞癌患者获得根治手术机会。

  • 标签:
  • 简介:摘要目的分析抗α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异唑丙酸受体(AMPAR)抗体脑炎的临床特点。方法回顾性总结2020年1月至2021年5月空军军医大学唐都医院诊治的3例抗AMPAR抗体脑炎患者的临床资料,对其临床表现、辅助检查、治疗及预后进行分析。结果3例抗AMPAR抗体脑炎(年龄12~70岁)均急性起病,首发症状包括认知减退、性格改变及少见的头痛、运动障碍,其中例1肺部占位性病变经病理证实为小细胞肺癌,血清及脑脊液抗AMPAR抗体、抗Y染色体性别决定区相关高迁移率组盒蛋白1抗体阳性,激素联合肿瘤化学治疗后症状仍持续存在,无临床复发;例2责任病灶位于双侧额颞叶、半卵圆中心及侧脑室旁,同时合并低颅压综合征典型影像学特征,血清抗AMPAR抗体阳性,激素治疗后症状部分改善;例3颅内病灶位于脑桥及右侧小脑中脚,伴显著小脑萎缩,脊髓磁共振成像提示颈2~胸10水平脊髓病变,血清及脑脊液抗AMPAR抗体阳性,激素联合静脉滴注人免疫球蛋白治疗后症状显著改善。结论抗AMPAR抗体脑炎临床表现异质性高,除边缘系统外,尚可波及脑干、脊髓,出现脑萎缩;存在多重抗神经元抗体尤其是抗神经元细胞内抗原抗体时需密切监测肿瘤;免疫治疗有效,肿瘤叠加多重抗体时预后差。

  • 标签: α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异唑丙酸 癌,小细胞 边缘叶脑炎
  • 简介:摘要目的分析微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)和激活转录因子3(ATF3)在肝细胞癌中的表达情况,探讨其蛋白表达与HCC患者预后的关系,并分析在HCC组织中,两者的表达是否具有相关性。方法应用免疫组织化学法检测HCC组织及相应癌旁组织蜡块标本中LC3-Ⅱ与ATF3蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与患者临床病理特征和生存期之间的关系。使用免疫蛋白印迹(Western blot)法检测新鲜HCC组织及相应癌旁组织中LC3-Ⅱ与ATF3蛋白的表达,分析两种蛋白表达的相关性。结果LC3-Ⅱ和ATF3蛋白在癌旁组织中的表达明显高于HCC组织,两者的表达水平与HCC组织病理分级和静脉癌栓情况相关(均P<0.05),但与年龄、性别、血清甲胎蛋白、肿瘤直径、HBsAg等的相关性无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。LC3-Ⅱ和ATF3的低表达与HCC患者的不良预后显著相关(均P<0.05)。结论LC3-Ⅱ和ATF3蛋白表达均与HCC的发生发展有关,两者的联合检测有助于HCC的恶性程度的评估,有望成为判断患者预后的重要指标。

  • 标签: 肝细胞肝癌 LC3-Ⅱ 激活转录因子3 免疫组织化学 Western blot
  • 简介:摘要目的探讨病毒性心肌炎患者血清半乳糖凝集素-3(galectin-3,Gal-3)、正五聚体蛋白-3(pentraxin-3,PTX-3)表达水平及其诊断及预后评估价值。方法选取2018年1月—2019年7月本院收治的122例病毒性心肌炎患者为研究对象(心肌炎组),同期选取118例健康体检者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清Gal-3、PTX-3及心肌指标脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase MB,CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)水平;采用Pearson法分析病毒性心肌炎患者血清Gal-3、PTX-3与心肌指标的相关性;采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operator charateristic curve,ROC曲线)分析血清Gal-3、PTX-3水平对病毒性心肌炎的诊断价值;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响病毒性心肌炎患者预后的因素。结果心肌炎组血清Gal-3、PTX-3、BNP、CK-MB、cTnI水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。病毒性心肌炎患者血清Gal-3与PTX-3呈正相关(r=0.594、P<0.05),且二者与BNP、CK-MB、cTnI均呈正相关(P<0.05)。血清Gal-3、PTX-3水平诊断病毒性心肌炎的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.873、0.916,截断值分别为5.431 ng/mL、4.159 ng/mL,特异性分别为74.5%、84.7%,敏感度分别为84.4%、82.0%;二者联合诊断的AUC为0.969,特异性为95.9%,敏感度为88.5%。预后不良组病毒性心肌炎患者血清Gal-3、PTX-3水平高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Gal-3、PTX-3、cTnI是影响病毒性心肌炎患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论病毒性心肌炎患者血清Gal-3、PTX-3表达水平升高,二者对病毒性心肌炎诊断及预后评价均可能有重要价值。

  • 标签: 病毒性心肌炎 半乳糖凝集素-3 正五聚体蛋白-3 诊断 预后
  • 简介:摘要目的探讨地塞米松(Dex)对成骨细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及潜在的作用机制。方法将人成骨细胞hFOB 1.19分为4组:对照组(不加药物),Dex组(300 μM Dex处理48 h),Dex+AA组(300 μM Dex+2 000 μM AA处理48 h)和Dex+NAC组(300 μM Dex+500 μM NAC处理48 h)。抗坏血酸(AA)和N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)均为活性氧(ROS)的清除剂。检测各组细胞的增殖率、凋亡率、ROS和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平以及PI3K/AKT/GSK3β信号通路的活性。结果Dex的半抑制浓度(IC50)约在300 μM。与对照组对比,Dex组细胞的细胞增殖率[(100.00±1.76)%比(51.47±5.62)%]和ALP活性[(100.00±0.83)%比(69.71±7.53)%]显著降低(均P<0.05),细胞凋亡率[(3.71±1.16)%比(18.42±3.19)%]和ROS水平[(1.49±0.37)比(4.40±1.08)]显著增加(均P<0.05)。与Dex组对比,Dex+AA组和Dex+NAC组细胞的细胞增殖率[(51.47±5.62)%比(89.32±6.74)%、(51.47±5.62)%比(94.58±5.01)%]和ALP活性[(69.71±7.53)%比(85.49±8.17%)、(69.71±7.53)%比(92.55±8.01)%]显著增加(均P<0.05),细胞凋亡率[(18.42±3.19)%比(9.68±2.23)%、(18.42±3.19)%比(8.97±2.07)%]和ROS水平[(4.40±1.08)比(2.05±0.61)、(4.40±1.08)比(1.96±0.43)]均显著降低(均P<0.05)。与对照组对比,Dex组细胞的p-PI3K[(0.98±0.17)比(0.26±0.08)]和p-AKT相对表达量[(0.56±0.10)比(0.19±0.06)]、p-PI3K/PI3K[(1.72±0.35)比(0.43±0.10)]和p-AKT/AKT比值[(0.66±0.19)比(0.21±0.08)]均显著降低(均P<0.05),p-GSK3β相对表达量[(0.12±0.04)比(0.49±0.09)]和p-GSK3β/GSK3β比值[(0.67±0.15)比(1.32±0.24)]均显著增加(均P<0.05)。与Dex组对比,Dex+AA组和Dex+NAC组细胞的p-PI3K[(0.26±0.08)比(0.76±0.12)、(0.26±0.08)比(0.80±0.12)]和p-AKT相对表达量[(0.19±0.06)比(0.38±0.11)、(0.19±0.06)比(0.42±0.08)]、p-PI3K/PI3K[(0.43±0.10)比(1.21±0.27)、(0.43±0.10)比(1.35±0.21)]和p-AKT/AKT比值[(0.21±0.08)比(0.45±0.04)、(0.21±0.08)比(0.45±0.07)]均显著增加(均P<0.05),p-GSK3β相对表达量[(0.49±0.09)比(0.26±0.05)、(0.49±0.09)比(0.22±0.07)]和p-GSK3β/GSK3β比值[(1.32±0.24)比(0.83±0.19)、(1.32±0.24)比(0.73±0.16)]均显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论Dex可通过ROS-PI3K/AKT/GSK3β信号通路诱导成骨细胞凋亡。

  • 标签: 地塞米松 ROS-PI3K/AKT/GSK3β信号通路 成骨细胞 凋亡
  • 简介:AbstractBackground:Pharmacological factors used to induce insulin resistance (IR) in in vitro models may not mimic the full in vivo features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to examine the ability of diabetic serum (DS) to induce IR and investigate whether adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (ADMSC-CM) reverses DS-induced IR.Methods:DS was obtained from newly diagnosed T2DM patients. IR was induced in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells by employing dexamethasone, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), palmitate and DS. Glucose uptake (2-[N-[7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl] amino]-2-deoxyglucose(2-NBDG) uptake assay), intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide radicals (O2-) (fluorescence microscopy and fluorometry) were analyzed in control and experimental samples. mRNA expression of key genes involved in glucose transport and inflammation were analyzed by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pro-inflammatory cytokines and phospho-insulin receptor substrate (IRS) (Ser-307) protein expression were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis. Statistical significance was determined by using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests.Results:ADMSC-CM significantly increased the DS-mediated decrease in 2-NBDG uptake (11.01 ± 0.50 vs. 7.20 ± 0.30, P < 0.01) and reduced DS-driven ROS (fluorescence count, 6.35 ± 0.46 vs. 9.80 ± 0.10, P < 0.01) and O2- (fluorescence count, 3.00 ± 0.10 vs. 4.60 ± 0.09, P < 0.01) production. Further, the ADMSC-CM restored DS-induced down regulation GLUT4 (1.52- fold, P < 0.05) as well as the up-regulation of PPARγ (0.35-fold, P < 0.01), and IKKβ (0.37-fold, P < 0.01) mRNA, and phospho-IRS (Ser-307) protein expression compared to the baseline (median fluorescence intensity, 88,192 ± 2720 vs. 65,450 ± 3111, P < 0.01). DS induced IR, similar to the traditionally used pharmacological factors, namely dexamethasone, TNF-α, and palmitate, which can be attributed to the significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (TNF-α (2.28 ± 0.03 pg/mL vs. 2.38 ± 0.03 pg/mL, P < 0.01), interleukin 6 (IL)-6 (1.94 ± 0.02 pg/mL vs. 2.17 ± 0.04 pg/mL, P < 0.01), IL-17 (2.16 ± 0.02 pg/mL vs. 2.22 ± 0.002 pg/mL, P < 0.05), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (2.07 ± 0.02 pg/mL vs. 2.15 ± 0.04 pg/mL, P < 0.05)) in DS.Conclusions:DS can be explored as a novel inducer of IR in in vitro studies with further standardization, substituting the conventionally used pharmacological factors. Our findings also affirm the validity of ADMSC-CM as a prospective insulin sensitizer for T2DM therapy.

  • 标签: Insulin resistance Inflammation Mesenchymal stem cells Oxidative stress Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • 简介:摘要报道1例基因诊断明确的线粒体3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶缺乏症(HMGCSD),并对国内外已报道病例进行文献复习。先证者,女,7个月16 d,因"发热4 d,喘息3 h,呼吸困难、呻吟2 h"急诊入院,主要表现为脑病、肝大、肝损害、低酮性低血糖、高脂血症,于住院第3天死于呼吸循环衰竭。全外显子组测序示HMGCS2复合杂合变异:c.1061+1G>C与c.476G>T,结合患儿临床特点,可基因诊断HMGCSD。文献检索共收集HMGCSD相关文献13篇,共26例患儿,发病年龄3个月~6岁,发病诱因主要为能量摄入不足,主要表现为低酮性低血糖、肝大、肝损害等,尿4-羟基-6-甲基-2-吡喃酮增高可能有强烈提示意义,3例死亡。26例患儿共报道HMGCS2突变32种,主要突变类型为错义突变。本研究为国内确诊第2例HMGCSD,发现2个HMGCS2新变异,扩展了HMGCS2临床表型及突变谱。

  • 标签: 线粒体3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶 酮体 低血糖 HMGCS2基因 变异
  • 简介:AbstractLong-term and stable preservation of bacteriophages is of crucial importance. Although many efforts have been made in the past decades to explore the influence of external factors on bacteriophage preservation, there is still little understanding, and a systematic description is lacking. In this study, we explored the influence of different factors on the preservation of lytic bacteriophage VP3, one of the typing bacteriophages of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor, and attempted to optimize its preservation. We examined external factors, including temperature, solution, and cryoprotectant, in stable cooling/freezing conditions or alternate cooling/freezing and thawing. We found that whether in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium or SM buffer, in terms of 20-week stable cooling or freezing, -20 °C was the most damaging while 4 °C, -80 °C, and -196 °C were protective. Thirteen cycles of alternate cooling/freezing and thawing caused a loss in the survival rates of bacteriophages. The addition of cryoprotectant, glycerol (30%, w/v) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 10%, w/v) significantly improved the survival rates of bacteriophages preserved at -20 °C. However, at 4 °C, -80 °C, and -196 °C, the cryoprotectant effect was only slightly positive or even harmful. In summary, for bacteriophage VP3, the best preservation method is to directly preserve the bacteriophage stocks in LB medium at -80 °C or -196 °C instead of storing them in SM buffer or adding cryoprotectant. Our results provided insights into the external influencing factors on bacteriophage VP3 during preservation at low temperature and can be applied to the optimization of bacteriophage preservation in the future.

  • 标签: Influencing factors Preservation Lytic bacteriophage Cryoprotectant
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  • 简介:摘要核苷酸结合寡聚结构域样受体家族含吡啉结构域蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体是一种细胞内多种蛋白质组成的大分子蛋白复合体,其形成可导致炎性天冬氨酸特异性的半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶自我剪切,后者激活体内促炎因子,引起宿主体内一系列炎症反应。NLRP3炎症小体的激活方式多样,参与并调控了干眼、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性等炎症相关眼部疾病。本文就NLRP3炎症小体及其相关分子基因突变或相关蛋白活性异常在眼科相关疾病中发生及发展的机制进行综述,以期对今后眼部相关疾病发生和发展的研究带来启发。

  • 标签: 炎症小体 干眼 青光眼 年龄相关性黄斑变性 糖尿病视网膜病变
  • 作者: 李国贤 韩根成
  • 学科: 医药卫生 >
  • 创建时间:2020-08-10
  • 出处:《国际免疫学杂志》 2020年第01期
  • 机构:河南大学基础医学院抗体药物开发技术国家地方联合工程实验室,河南开封 475000 ,军事科学院军事医学研究院军事认知与脑科学研究所神经免疫及抗体工程研究室,北京 100850
  • 简介:摘要肿瘤微环境可诱导一些免疫检查点分子的高表达,以利于肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的识别和攻击。目前基于程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, CTLA-4)以及T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3, Tim-3)等免疫检查点分子的靶向抗体药物研发已经取得了极大的进展,其中多种靶向PD-1和CTLA-4的抗体药物已被美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)批准上市,虽然有部分患者经以上药物治疗后出现完全缓解或生存期延长,但尚存在较多患者出现耐药或没有缓解病情的状况。最新的研究发现,靶向PD-1治疗的耐药患者Tim-3表达上调,Tim-3也被认为是潜在的新一代肿瘤治疗靶点,Tim-3与PD-1的靶向联合治疗有可能成为研究的热点。现就国内外靶向Tim-3药物的研究现状做一综述。

  • 标签: 免疫检查点 Tim-3 靶向药物
  • 简介:摘要SEMA3A作为神经轴突发育的一个关键信号蛋白,参与多种生理过程。SEMA3A是一种分泌性蛋白,属于3号信号素(class-3 semaphorins)家族,通过结合NRP1、NRP2和PLXN A复合物受体参与轴突排斥、树突分支、突触形成和神经元迁移过程。SEMA3A是神经元迁移信号的主要组成部分;SEMA3A在免疫反应的所有阶段被认为是一种有效的免疫调节剂;SEMA3A通过对成骨细胞和破骨细胞的作用来调节骨重塑,通过抑制骨吸收和增加骨形成发挥了骨保护作用;SEMA3A通过NRP1和Plexin D1在心血管发育中起着重要作用。

  • 标签: 信号素3A 蛋白功能
  • 简介:摘要3例患者(例1男,48岁;例2女,65岁;例3女,58岁)均因精神分裂症服用氯氮平治疗,日剂量分别为200 mg、175 mg和100 mg。例1在氯氮平治疗16年后发生下肢静脉血栓,给予溶栓治疗后好转。10年后患者出现活动后气促症状,且逐渐加重,经CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)诊断为双肺动脉栓塞,先后给予华法林和利伐沙班抗凝治疗。1年后患者出现心功能不全症状。诊断为慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压[肺动脉收缩压86 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)]、慢性肺源性心脏病、心功能不全,给予华法林联合强心、利尿等对症治疗,3个月后呼吸困难明显减轻,肺动脉收缩压降至48 mmHg。例2在氯氮平治疗5年后发生肺栓塞,行溶栓治疗后给予口服华法林治疗,3年后自行停药。停药2年后肺栓塞再发,先后给予那屈肝素钙和华法林抗凝治疗。3个月后CTPA示肺栓塞基本消失。例3在氯氮平治疗2年后发现下肢静脉血栓,1年后发生肺栓塞,经抗凝、利尿等治疗后好转。3年后自行停用华法林,停药10个月后肺栓塞再发,给予低分子肝素钠桥接华法林治疗。3个月后CTPA示肺动脉血栓基本消失。

  • 标签: 氯氮平 血栓形成 肺栓塞
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  • 简介:摘要目的研究微小染色体维持蛋白3(MCM3)在人胃癌中表达水平及临床意义。方法使用TCGA, CCLE, HPA等公共数据库分析MCM3的mRNA及蛋白在胃癌及癌旁正常组织中的表达水平。回顾性分析69例胃癌患者的临床病理特征,用免疫组织化学染色法检测肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织中MCM3蛋白表达水平,分析其与临床病理特征间的关系。使用STRING数据库分析MCM3蛋白的相互作用网络。结果MCM3的mRNA及蛋白在胃癌组织中表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05),且其高表达与胃癌肿瘤的大小相关(P<0.05)。在胃癌组织中,MCM3表达与增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达水平具有相关性(R=0.61,P<0.01),并且两者之间可能存在蛋白-蛋白相互作用。结论MCM3在胃癌中通过与PCNA相互作用而发挥重要作用,并有望成为一个新的诊断及治疗靶点。

  • 标签: 胃癌 微小染色体维持蛋白3 增殖 生物靶点 增殖细胞核抗原
  • 简介:摘要弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是最常见的侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,对R-CHOP方案免疫化疗反应良好,但30%~40%的患者最终发展为复发难治DLBCL。因此,发现新的预后标志物,对提高DLBCL的诊疗水平至关重要。免疫逃逸是DLBCL发生发展的重要机制,研究表明TIM-3、BTLA、LAG-3在DLBCL中均高表达,抑制肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的效应功能,促进淋巴瘤细胞的免疫逃逸,从而促进DLBCL发生发展,影响常规化疗的效果。积极探索上述3个抑制性分子对DLBCL的影响,有望成为治疗DLBCL的新靶点。

  • 标签: 淋巴瘤,大B-细胞,弥漫性 TIM-3 BTLA LAG-3 预后