简介:2011年3-10月,基于实地样方采样和实验室测定,调查崇明岛环岛芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)带中芦苇的生物量和初级生产力,研究芦苇地上部分的固碳能力及其影响因子。结果表明,崇明岛芦苇地上部分年固碳能力为0.28-1.02kg/(m^2·a),平均年固碳能力为(0.67±0.19)kg/(m^2·a),其低于长江口湿地保护区(崇明岛东滩、杭州湾)芦苇的年固碳能力,但高于黄河三角洲保护区湿地芦苇的年固碳能力;芦苇生长的主要影响因子为气象灾害和人为干扰,收割区域的芦苇群落生物量(p=0.021)和茎秆密度(p=4.6×10^-6)显著高于未收割区域;芦苇分布主要受土壤盐度限制;芦苇表现型与人为干扰和土壤盐度密切相关;芦苇生长的中后期是受环境因子影响的关键时期。
简介:Webuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosimulatethedisturbanceofthestressfieldnearthereversefaultinZhaziao,LeyiTownshipowingtohydraulicfracturing.Theporepressure,andshearandnormalstressesduringfracturingareanalyzedindetail.Inputrockmechanicsparametersaretakenfromlaboratorytestdataofshalesamplesfromthestudyarea.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatafter16hoursoffluidinjection,thepore-pressurevariationcanactivatethereversefault,i.e.,weobservereverseslip,andtheshearstressanddisplacementonthefaultplaneincreasewithtime.Thebiggeststress–strainchangeoccursafteronehouroffluidinjectionandtheyieldpointappearsabout0.5hafterinjection.Toobservethestressevolutionineachsection,thenormaldisplacementontheboundaryisconstrainedandthefaultplaneissetasnonpermeable.Thus,theslidingislimitedandthesheardisplacementisonlyinthescaleofmillimeters,andthecalculatedmagnitudeoftheinducedearthquakesisbetweenMw-3.5andMw-0.2.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatfluidwaterinjectionresultsininhomogeneousfracturing.Themainrupturedareasarearoundtheinjectionpositions,whereastheextentofrupturingandcracksinotherareasarerelativelysmall.Nevertheless,nonnegligiblefaultactivationisrecorded.Sensitivityanalysisofthekeyparameterssuggeststhattheporepressureismostsensitivetothemaximumunbalancedforceandtheinternalfrictionanglestronglyaffectsthefaultslip.Finally,thecomparisonbetweentheeffectivenormalstressandthemaximumandminimumprincipalstressesonthefaultplaneexplainsthefaultinstability,i.e.,theMohrcirclemovestowardstheleftwithdecreasingradiusreducesandintersectsthecriticalslipenvelope,andcausesthefaulttoslip.
简介:为了解决海南福山凹陷油气井压裂施工成功率低、增产效果不明显,难以进行经济有效开采的技术难题,分析了复杂断块储层的特点,并结合以往油气井压前压后生产动态分析,建立了储层分类标准和改造选井选层标准,形成了针对大跨度多段射孔的斜井薄互层全剖面动用压裂技术、针对多段射孔、且近水层油气井的"前置液投球分层+变排量控缝高"、针对近水层储层的"人工隔层+变排量"控缝高和"探断层压裂"等组合压裂技术,实现了适应储层与油气井特点的"一井一层一工艺"。现场应用17口井,都取得了显著的压裂效果,压裂成功率由不足80%提高到95%,施工有效率由不足75%提高到94.1%。为指导该区块压裂方案设计及现场实施提供了依据。