简介：TheuseofX-raymicrotomographic(XMT)methodsinanalysingparticulatesystemshasexpandedrapidlyinrecentyearswiththeavailabilityofaffordabledesk-topapparatus.ThisreviewpresentsasummaryofthemajorapplicationsinwhichcomputersimulationsareexplicitlycoupledwithXMTintheareaofgranularandporousmaterials.Weenvisagetwomainwaysofestablishingthecouplingbetweenbothtechniques,basedonthetransferenceorexchangeofinformationbyusingphysicalorgeometricalparameters(i.e.aparametriclinkthroughfittingtoaprocessmodel)orthroughthedirectuseof3DXMTdigitalimages(i.e.comparingimagepixelsandfeaturesdirectly).Examplesofcoupledapplicationsareshownforthestudyoftransportpropertiesofrocks,particlepacking,mechanicalloadingandsintering.Often,thelinkbetweenXMTandcomputersimulationsisbasedonvisualcomparisonsandweconcludethattheuseofquantitativeparameterssuchasthenumberofinterparticlecontacts,forcenetworksorgranuleshapetolinkbothtechniquesisstillunderrepresentedintheliterature.Strategiestoprovideamorerobustandquantitativeapproachtooptimisetheinformationobtainedfromsuchtomographyanalysesareproposed.

简介：介绍了X射线CT系统和有关物理基础,综述了理想假设下的CT成像的连续数学模型和离散数学模型,以及相应的图像反演公式(重建算法),并对其基本思想及优缺点进行了分析。最后,分类阐述了实际X射线CT系统研制和应用需要研究的若干问题。

简介：分析了X射线辐照电缆的物理过程,建立了基于有限元方法的二维诺顿等效电流源计算模型,将泊松方程、电场强度、电荷守恒方程等求解过程转换为矩阵和向量运算,并利用PETSc程序包编程计算,模拟了辐射感应电导率和间隙效应对屏蔽电缆X射线辐照响应的影响。结果显示,仅考虑辐射感应电导率效应时,随着X射线注量的增加,诺顿等效电流源逐渐趋于饱和,波形宽度变窄,并逐渐变为双极性波形。仅考虑间隙效应时,诺顿等效电流源幅度与间隙宽度近似成正比;间隙效应会大幅抵消辐射感应电导率效应的影响,诺顿等效电流源幅度仍近似正比于间隙宽度。该方法实现了电缆X射线辐照非线性效应的模拟,并将计算对象扩展到屏蔽多导体电缆。

简介：TheadsorptionofCOonPtgroupmetals,asamostfundamentalelementaryreactionstep,hasbeenwidelystudiedincatalysisandelectrocatalysis.Particularly,thestructuresofCOonPt(111)havebeenextensivelyinvestigated,owingtoitsimportancetobothfundamentalandappliedcatalysis.Yet,muchlessisknownregardingCOadsorptiononaPt(111)surfacemodulatedbysupportedoxidenanostructures,whichisofmorerelevancetotechnicalcatalysis.Wethusinvestigatedthecoverage-dependentadsorptionofCOonaPt(111)surfacepartiallycoveredbyFeOxnanostructures,whichhasbeendemonstratedasaremarkablecatalystforlow-temperatureCOoxidation.Wefoundthat,duetoitsstrongchemisorption,thecoverage-dependentstructureofCOonbarePtisnotinfluencedbythepresenceofFeOx.But,oxygen-terminatedFeOxnanostructurescouldmodulatethediffusivityofCOattheirvicinity,andthusaffecttheformationoforderedCOsuperstructuresatlowtemperatures.Usingscanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM),weinspectedthediffusivityofCO,followedthephasetransitionsofCOdomains,andresolvedthemoleculardetailsofthecoverage-dependentCOstructures.OurresultsprovideafullpictureforCOadsorptiononaPt(111)surfacemodulatedbyoxidenanostructuresandshedlightsontheinter-adsorbateinteractiononmetalsurfaces.

简介：ThroughacomparisonbetweentheexpressionsofmasterbalancelawsandtheconservationlawsderivedbyNoether'stheorem,aunifiedmasterbalancelawandsixphysicallypossiblebalanceequationsformicropolarcontinuummechanicsarenaturallydeduced.Amongthem,byextendingthewell-knownconventionalconceptofenergymomentumtensor,therathergeneralconservationlawsandbalanceequationsnamedafterenergy-momentum,energy-angularmomentumandenergy-energyareobtained.Itisclearthattheformsofthephysicalfieldquantitiesinthemasterbalancelawforthelastthreecasescouldnotbeassumeddirectlybyperceivingthroughtheintuition.Finally,someexistingresultsarereducedimmediatelyasspecialcases.

简介：用第一原则的乐队结构，方法和特殊quasirandom结构(平方)来临，我们系统地计算了弯系数和SnxZn1xTe合金的自然乐队偏移量的合金。我们证明鞠躬的系数和这些合金的乐队差距是易感知地作文依赖者。由于完整的重叠和Sn最外面的p轨道和Zns的delocalization转的波浪功能，在这些状态之间联合是很强壮的，导致有Sn集中x的增加的传导乐队边的重要换至较低排挡，当原子价乐队边与二进制ZnTe的相比保持几乎未改变时，因此改进可能性为双极性做。

简介：在不定积分的教学中,我们会碰到形如integralfromn=1（Pn（x）dx）/(（x+Px+q）q?)的积分,如同济二版高等数学

简介：

简介：

简介：Wehaveshownthat,incontrasttotheresultsintheliterature,theBraggpeakintensityofNi80Fe20/Cusuperlatticesisenhancedattheincidentx-rayenergyslightlyhigherthantheabsorptionedgeoftheheavierelement(Cu).TheatomicdensityatNi80Fe20/Cuinterfacewasanalysedbythediffractionanomalousfinestructuretechnologywiththeincidentangleofx-rayfixedatthefirstBraggpeak.OurresultsdemonstratetheepitaxygrowthofNi80Fe20/Cusuperlattices.Uponannealing,theepitaxityofNi80Fe20/Cumultilayersbecomespoorbutthelocalcrystallinityineachlayerisimproved.

简介：Veryrecently,theBelleandBESIIIexperimentsobservedanewcharmonium-likestateX(3823),whichisagoodcandidatefortheD-wavecharmonium(13D2).BecausetheX(3823)isjustneartheDˉDthreshold,thedecayX(3823)!J=+??canbeagoldenchanneltotestthesignificanceofcoupled-channeleffects.Inthiswork[1],thisdecayisconsideredincludingboththehidden-charmdipionandtheusualquantumchromodynamicsmultipoleexpansion(QCDME)contributions.

简介：X射线成像技术在医疗诊断和无损检测等领域有着广泛的应用。对于软组织等弱吸收物体,传统的吸收成像无法获得高对比度的图像。为了解决这个问题,产生了X射线相位衬度成像技术。本文介绍类同轴全息测量下的X射线相位衬度层析成像技术,重点讨论该成像技术的Bronnikov模型和基于Helmholtz方程的模型,及相应的重建方法。

简介：

简介：通过建立一个典型的金／硅界面结构模型，对X射线入射界面时的剂量增强效应进行了研究。采用MonteCarlo方法计算了不同能量X射线入射金／硅界面的输运过程。其中，对X射线产生的次级电子在介质中的输运，采用了单次碰撞直接模拟方法；对电子的弹性散射截面和非弹性散射截面，分别采用Mott微分截面和Born近似下的广义振子强度模型计算得到。研究计算了不同能量X射线入射下，金／硅界面的剂量增强系数及特定X射线能量下剂量增强系数随金厚度的变化规律。结果表明：X射线能量为几十至几百keV时，剂量增强效应最明显，最大剂量增强系数对应的X射线能量随距金／硅界面的距离增加而增加；金的厚度影响界面附近剂量增强效果，当X射线能量不变时，剂量增强系数随金的厚度增加而增加，并趋于饱和值。

简介：讨论了区间[x-1,x＋1]上的积分中值定理在x→＋∞时的中间点的渐近性态,证明了在一定条件下,积分中值定理的中间点趋向于区间中点.

简介：Inthispaper,analmostP-stabletwo-stepsixth-orderHybridmethodwithphase-lagoforderinfinityandaclassexpliciteighth-orderObreckoffmethodswithphase-lagoforder10-24aredevelopedforthenumericalintegrationofthespecialsecond-orderperiodicinitial-valueproblems.Thesemethodshavetheadvantageofhigheralgebraicorderandconsiderablysmallerphase-tagcomparedwithsomemethodsin[1-6].Numericalexamplesindicatethatthesenewmethodsaremoreaccuratethanmethodsdevelopedby[1-6].

简介：Thetransitionsandmorphologyofaseriesofmain-chainliquidcrystallinepolymerwithX-shapedmesogenswerestudiedbymeansofDSC,SALSandpolarizingmicroscopytechniques.Aneven-oddeffectwasobservedforsampleswithdifferentsizeofthesubstituentsonthemesogenends.Theisotropizationprocesswassimilartothatofmain-chainpolymerswithrod-likemesogens.Nocrystallizationwasdetectedforspecimenscoolingdownfromtheirisotropicmeltstate.Howevertwoofthesamplesmaycrystallizeincoolingprocessdirectlyfromtheliquidcrystallinestate.

简介：关于m次矩阵方程：X^m+a1X^m-1+…+am-1X+amEn=0，其中En是n阶单位矩阵，a1，a2，…，am∈R，X∈C^m×n，本文利用矩阵的化零多项式，最小多项式的相关结论以及Jordan标准形分解，讨论了该方程的所有可能解．

简介：Tungstenisregardedasanimportantcandidateofplasmafacingmaterialininternationalthermonuclearexperimentalreactor(ITER),sothedeterminationandmodelingofspectraoftungstenplasma,especiallythespectraathightemperaturewereintenselyfocusedonrecently.Inthiswork,usingtheatomicstructurecodeofCowan,acollisionalradiativemodel(CRM)basedonthespin-orbit-split-arraysisdeveloped.Basedonthismodel,thechargestatedistributionoftungstenionsisdeterminedandthesoftX-rayspectrafromhighchargedionsoftungstenatdifferenttemperaturesarecalculated.Theresultsshowthatboththeaverageionizationchargeandlinepositionsarewellagreedwithotherscalculationsandmeasurementswithdiscrepanciesoflessthan0.63%and1.26%,respectively.Thespectraathighertemperaturesarealsoreportedandtherelationshipbetweenionabundanceandtemperatureispredictedinthiswork.

简介：LetL~2([0,1],x)bethespaceoftherealvalued,measurable,squaresummablefunctionson[0,1]withweightx,andlet■_nbethesubspaceofL~2([0,1],x)definedbyalinearcombinationofJ_0(μ_kx),whereJ_0istheBesselfunctionoforder0and{μ_k}isthestrictlyincreasingsequenceofallpositivezerosofJ_0.Forf∈L~2([0,1],x),letE(f,■_n)betheerrorofthebestL~2([0,1],x),i.e.,approximationoffbyelementsof■_n.Theshiftoperatoroffatpointx∈[0,1]withstept∈[0,1]isdefinedbyT(t)f(x)=(1/π)∫_0~πf((x~2+t~2-2xtcosθ)~(1/2))dθ.Thedifferences(1-T(t))~(r/2)f=∑_(j=0)~∞(-1)~j(_j~(r/2))T~j(t)foforderr∈(0,∞)andtheL~2([0,1],x)-modulusofcontinuityω_r(f,τ)=sup{||(I-T(t))~(r/2)f||:0≤t≤τ}oforderraredefinedinthestandardway,whereT~0(t)=Iistheidentityoperator.Inthispaper,weestablishthesharpJacksoninequalitybetweenE(f,■_n)andω_r(f,τ)forsomecasesofrandτ.Moreprecisely,wewillfindthesmallestconstant■_n(τ,r)whichdependsonlyonn,r,andτ,suchthattheinequalityE(f,■_n)≤■_n(τ,r)ω_r(f,τ)isvalid.