简介:目的探讨以问题为基础的学习方法(problem-basedlearning,PBL)在内科护理学课程教学中的应用与效果。方法将某大学护理专业30名本科生分成4组,每组由2名导师组织针对脑卒中护理的PBL教学;教学效果评价采用问卷调查法,包括导师对学生表现的评价,学生对PBL课程的评价,以及学生对导师表现的评价。结果导师对学生表现的评价总分显著提高(P=0.027);学生认为PBL课程中"主持人充分发挥了应有的作用""有助于培养对文献的检索和利用能力""有助于培养评判性思维""有助于培养语言沟通能力",但没有"足够的时间和精力去做好充分的准备";学生对导师的评价中,"准备与态度""交流与反馈"的评分较高,"过程控制"的评分较低。结论PBL教学方法有助于提高学生的综合能力;导师需要进一步加强对PBL教学过程的控制能力。
简介:AIM:ToevaluatetheeffectofCollagencross-linkingonthepreventionofmeltinginrabbitcorneasafteralkaliburn.·METHODS:TwentyNewZealandwhiterabbitswererandomlydividedintomodelcontrolgroupandcollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup.Thesecondgroupofrabbitsreceivedcollagencrosslinkedtreatment.Bothgroupswereappliedwithantibioticeyedropstopreventinfection.Thecorneaswereevaluatedformelting,opacity,pathologicalandimmunohistochemistry,recordthechangeswhen28daysaftertheanimalswerekilled.·RESULTS:Inthecontrolgroup,6outof8rabbitsshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury(14±4)days,whiletwocornealperforated.Incollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup,onerabbitshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury23days,withoutcornealperforation;cornealdissolutionratebetweenthetwogroupswassignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).Pathologicalexaminationsuggestedthatinthetreatmentgroup,mildcornealedema,milddamagetocollagenfibers,inflammatorycellinfiltrationwassignificantlylessthanthecontrolgroup.Immunohistochemistryshowedthatcornealcollagenfibersarrangedinneatrowsinthecontrolgroup.·CONCLUSION:Collagencross-linkingtreatmentnotonlycanpreventanddelaythecornealmeltingafteralkaliburn,butalsocanreducethedestructionofcornealcollagenfibersandinfiltrationofinflammatorycellsinthecornealtissue.