简介:AbstractPreeclampsia (PE), a multisystem disorder in pregnancy, is a main cause of perinatal mortality and is associated with long-term maternal complications. For a long time, PE was defined as the new onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks’ gestation. It had been shown that this "gold standard definition" is not able to provide a sufficient prediction of PE-related fetal and/or maternal complications. In 2018 the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy recommended a broader definition of the disease. The new definition of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy ruled out proteinuria as mandatory for the diagnosis of PE. This new definition increases the number of patients diagnosed as preeclamptic by nearly 21%, which is not accompanied by an increased severity of maternal outcomes. Including angiogenic biomarkers, however, has been shown to increase detection of adverse outcomes.The pathophysiology of PE is complex and not yet completely explained. Advances in prediction and diagnosis have been achieved by discovery and clinical evaluation of biomarkers, especially of placental origin. A broad spectrum of biomarkers has been tested, a few of them have been introduced into the clinical practice as of today. Especially angiogenic biomarkers that are rooted in the pathophysiology of PE have been demonstrated to be important in the prediction and diagnosis of adverse outcomes. At a cut-off value of the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)/placental growth factor (PlGF)-ratio of 85, early-onset PE <34+0 weeks of gestation can accurately be diagnosed with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 97%. The Prediction of short-term outcome in pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia (PROGNOSIS) study has shown that the high negative predictive value (99.3%) of the sFlt-1/PlGF-ratio below 38 in patients with suspected PE rules out the onset of the disease within one week. PROGNOSIS Asia, evaluating the sFlt-1/PlGF-ratio cut-off of 38 in an Asian population, confirmed the excellent accuracy in prediction.Recently, the angiogenic biomarkers have been integrated in multi-marker prediction models. Digital approaches, integrating algorithm-based decision support tools paired with home monitoring devices may be the next step in enhancing predictive accuracy and thus bear the potential to reduce maternal and/or fetal morbidity and mortality and save costs for the payer in parallel. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of current methods for predicting and diagnosing PE.
简介:Basedonhreedifferentimplementationschemes,thispaperstronglydemonstratesthattheperformanceoftheHoughtransformdependscruciallyonitsimplementationscemewhenitisusedforlinedetection.Moreover,theobtainedresultscanbeusedasatheoreticalbasistopredicttheperformanceoftheHoughtransformaswellastoeliminatethenoiseinHoughspacecomingfromimagenoise.
简介:摘要:在实施房屋建设项目时,多种风险和不确定因素层出不穷,如果管理不佳,可能导致项目推迟、超越预算,引发一系列负面影响。本文以识别和应对房建项目中的风险为中心,进行深入探讨。全方位识别房建项目的各项风险,包括设计、施工、合同、环境等各个环节的风险,并适当设置风险识别指标体系。通过结合定性和定量的分析手段,对众多风险因素进行影响度评估,为风险应对提供数值参考。根据风险识别和影响评估的结果,提供了一整套风险应对措施,涉及到优化设计、规范施工、强化合同管理以及环境保护等方面,意在减少风险对房屋建设项目带来的潜在损失。通过案例分析验证了风险管理策略的实际效果。研究结果对于指导房建项目的风险管理具有重要参考价值。
简介:Thegoverningequationsofsurface-deformationinfully-penetratedGTAWweldpoolarederived.ThesolutionschemeoftheLagrangemultiplier,whichmakesthetopsurface-deformationequationbecoupledwiththatforthebottom-surfaceofasingleweldpool,isgivenout.Throughnumericalanalysisofweldpoolsurface-deformationinGTAW,itisfoundthatthereisclearcorrelationbetweenthepenetrationextentandtheLagrangemultiplier,inadditiontotherelationshipbetweenthepenetrationextentandthemaximumdepressionandhumpaswellasthedepressedvolumeofthetopsurfaceofweldpool.Itlaysgoodfoundationfortop-sidesensingbasedweldpenetrationcontrol.
简介:Inthispaper,thej,υcorrectedformulaeoftheamplitudesandthephasesof58astronomicalconstituentsaregiven,andthemodelsfortheanalysisandpredictionof169constituentsarepresented.ThenewCartwright’scalculatedresultsofthetidalpotentialareused,andthequadraticanalysisismade.Ithasbeenprovedbyanumberoftrialsthattheharmonicconstantsofconstituentsaremorestableandtheaccuracyofthepredictedresultreliable.