简介：ＰａｓｓｉｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆＩｎｓｏｌｕｂｌｅＡｎｏｄｅｆｒｏｍＴｉ－ｂａｓｅＡｌｌｏｙｓｉｎＰｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃＭｎＯ＿２ＹｕＺｈｅｎｇａｎｄＹａｎｇＳｈｅｎｇｓｈｕ（俞征）（杨生恕）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓ...

简介：Themechanismsofaid-leachingreagentcalciumfluorideintheextractingvanadiumprocesseswereresearchedbycomparingtheblankextractionwiththeextractionwithcalciumfluorideasaid-leachingreagent.Theleachingexperimentswerecarriedoutundertheconditionsof95℃,6h,1.5mlg-1,15vol%H2SO4,and5%calciumfluoride(massratioofCaF2tostonecoal).Theconcentrationsofhydrogenionwereadjustedfrominitial1.82and4.79molL-1tothepHof1.80±0.05by200gL-1limemilk,respectively.Thesolventextractionexperimentswerecarriedoutundertheorganicphaseusing15vol%D2EHPA,5vol%TBP,and80vol%sulfonatedkeroseneandO/Aphaseratioof1/4.Theleachingrateofvanadiumandsix-stagecountercurrentsolventextractionrateofvanadiumcanberemarkablyimprovedfrom66.71to92.97%and81.15to98.81%,respectively,whencalciumfluoridewasaddedasaid-leachingreagent.Intheleachingprocess,fluorinecanenhancethebreakageofthestructureofvanadium-bearingminerals.Meanwhile,fluorideioncancombinewithironiontogenerateacid-insolubleironfluoridehydrate(Fe2F57H2O)andconsumeallferricionsandaportionofferrousions.InadjustingpHvalueprocess,themassiveimpuritiesaredecreasedtoformKAlSO4andFeAlF5.Insolventextractionprocess,fluorinecanpreventtheformationofferrichydroxidecolloidsandeliminatetheformedunstableferrichydroxidecolloidsandthesilicon-containingcolloidstopromotethesufficientcontactbetweentheaqueousphaseandtheorganicphaseandthesufficientreaction.

简介：二酸矿排水(AMD)样品TS和WK，从在Guangxi省的Dachang充满金属的矿，中国，用基于PCR的克隆被学习途径。44个运作的分类单位(OTU)的一个总数从二件AMD样品被获得。然而，仅仅三OTU(GXDC-9，GXDC-19和GXDC-50)在样品TS检测了能也在样品WK被观察。种系发生的分析表明在二件样品的细菌掉进四个通常认为的部门，它是Nitrospira，Alphaproteobacteria，Gamaproteobacteria，和Acidobacteria。类Acidithiobacillus和Leptospirillum的有机体，在gamaproteobacteria班和Nitrospira家庭上，分别地在二件样品是主导的。在样品TS，它被低pH描绘，高硫酸盐，高铁，和高砷化物，二种(Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans和Leptospirillumferrooxidans)组成了98.22%全部微生物引起的社区。与样品TS相比，在样品WK的微生物引起的社区根据观察是更多样化的。抱持兴趣地，Legionella种类，很少在low-pH环境被观察，在样品WK被检测。这个工作帮助我们进一步理解微生物引起的社区与唯一的地球化学和acidophiles的忍耐能力在极端酸矿排水住在一起到重金属的差异。

简介：ExtractingB2O3fromcalcinedboronmud(CBM)wasstudied.TheeffectoffactorssuchasreactiontemperatureandNaOH-to-CBMmassratioonB2O3extractionefficiencywasinvestigated.TheresultsshowthatincreasingreactiontemperatureandNaOH-to-CBMmassratioincreasesB2O3extractionefficiency.TherearetwostagesfortheB2O3extractingprocess:0–20ministhefirststage,whichisrapid;20–50ministhesecondstage,whichisslowerthanthefirststage.Theoverallextractingprocessfollowstheshrinkingcoremodel,andthefirstandsecondstagesaredeterminedtoobeythesurfacechemicalreactionmodelandthediffusionthroughtheproductslayermodel,respectively.Theactivationenergiesofthefirstandsecondstagesarecalculatedtobe41.74and15.43kJ·mol-1,respectively.TheB2O3extractingkineticsequationsofthefirstandsecondstagesarealsoobtained.

简介：Solventextractionofpalladium(Ⅱ)fromhydrochloricacidsolutionwith2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(OIT)/cyclohexanewasstudied.Effectsofdifferentparametersonextractionefficiencywereevaluated.99.96%and98.26%palladium(Ⅱ)couldbeeffectivelyextractedwith0.018mol·L-1OIT/cyclohexaneof0.1and4.0mol·L-1HClmedium,respectively.Nonpolarsolventandlowaciditycouldimprovetheextractingefficiency,andsuccessfullystrippalladium(Ⅱ)fromtheloadedorganicphasewasachievedwith0.5mol·L-1(NH2)2CSsolution.ItwasproposedthattheextractionofPdcomplexesfromHClmediumproceededthroughtheionassociationmechanismbyslopemethod,NMRandFT-IRspectra.

简介：Usingorganicaquaregia,arecentlydiscoveredpowerfulorganicleachingagent,aneffectiveprocessofrecoveringPtdirectlyfromPt-Aubimetallicnanoparticleswasdemonstrated.ThepuritiesofthePtrecoveredfromamixtureofAuandPtnanoparticlesandfromPt-Aucore-shellnanoparticlecatalystareashighas(99.49±0.22)％,and(95.02±0.08)％,respectively.Thenovelrecoveryprocesspromisesapplicationsincatalysisindustry.

简介：Nb-Ti-Si-based合金粉末被元素的粒子的机械alloying(麻省)准备。形态学，尺寸，阶段成分，雏晶尺寸，格子紧张，作文和内部微观结构的进化，等等，合金，粉末被X光检查衍射(XRD)分析，扫描电子显微镜学(SEM)，精力散的光谱学(版本)，激光粒子尺寸分析器和传播电子显微镜(TEM)分析。合金粒子逐渐地被精制，他们的形状随milling时间的增加变得球状。Nb稳固的答案(Nbss)的衍射山峰分阶段执行移动向从2～5在球milling期间降低2个角度?h，并且在那Nbss衍射以后，山峰变向更高，有milling的增加的2个角度从5～70预定?h，它主要由于alloying元素原子的溶液被归因于Nbss粉末的格子参数的改变进Nb格子形成Nbss。在球milling过程期间，在雏晶尺寸的减少和粉末导致他们的衍射的连续拓宽的Nbss的格子紧张的增加达到顶点。典型薄片状的微观结构为5在球milling以后在粉末粒子内被形成?h并且变得更多随milling时间的增加精制了并且一致。在40-h-ballmilling以后，典型薄片状的微观结构消失并且很同类的微观结构相反被形成。这同类的微观结构被证明由仅仅使过饱和的Nbss阶段构成。

简介：EffectofaddedCo2+(aq)oncopperelectrowinningwasstudiedusingdopedpolyaniline(Pani)andPb-Ag(1%)anodesandastainlesssteelcathode.ThepresenceofaddedCo2+(aq)intheelectrolytesolutionwasfoundtodecreasetheanodepotentials.TheoptimumlevelofCo2+(aq)concentrationintheelectrolyte,withrespecttothemaximumsavingofpowerconsumptionwasestablished.Linearsweepvoltammetry(LSV)wasusedtostudytheinfluenceofaddedCo2+(aq)ontheanodicprocessesinacoppersulfate-sulfuricacidelectrolyte.Theoxygen-evolutionpotentialforPanianodeisdepolarisedatlowercurrentdensities(≤0.01A/cm2)andattainssaturationatρ(Co2+)o≈0.789g/L;whilsttheoxygen-evolutionpotentialforPb-Ag(1%)anodeisdepolarisedathighercurrentdensities(≤0.02A/cm2)andattainssaturationatρ(Co2+)o≈1.315g/L.Thepreferredorientationsofthecopperdepositschangefrom(220)to(111)withtheadditionof0.394?0.789g/LCo2+buthigherconcentrationsfavor(220)orientationagain.

简介：Aluminum,themainimpurityinthelixiviumofweatheredcrustelutiondepositedrareearthore,notonlyresultsinanincreasingconsumptionofprecipitantintherareearthprecipitationprocess,butalsolowersthepurityoffinalrareearthproduct.Aluminumintheweatheredcrustelution-depositedrareearthorelixiviumshouldberemoved.Neutralizinghydrolysismethodwasemployedtoremovealuminumfromthelixivium.HexamethylenetetraminewasfoundtobetheoptimumpHregulatorfortheremovalofaluminuminthelowconcentration.WhenusedtoadjustthepHvalueofthelixiviumto5.0,aluminuminthelixiviumcanbeeffectivelyremovedintheformofaluminumhydroxideprecipitationwithremovalrateof97.60%.Itshowsthathexamethylenetetraminehasagoodeffectontheremovingofaluminumionsfromthelowconcentrationlixivium.Moreover,hexamethylenetetramineinremovingaluminumfromlixiviumhaslittleadverseeffectontheREprecipitationprocess.

简介：Inviewoftheimportanceofsolventextractionofrareearthmetalswiththeacidicorganophosphorousreagent,thedevelopmentofachemicallybasedmodelapplicabletohighconcentrationisdesired.Inthepresentstudy,theequilibriumdistributionofdysprosium(Ⅲ)betweenanaqueousnitricacidsolutionand2-ethylhexylphosphonicacidmono-2-ethylhexylester(PC88A)wasmeasuredintherangeofaninitialaqueousdysprosium(Ⅲ)concentrationfrom1.0×10-3to1.0×10-1kmol/m3andPC88Aconcentrationfrom0.16to0.65kmol/m3inShellsolD70asthediluent.Theobtaineddatawereanalyzedusingthechemicallybasedmodelinordertocorrelatetheequilibriumdistributionratios.Inthismodel,dysprosium(Ⅲ)wasassumedtobeextractedwiththePC88Adimerasa1:3complex,theactivitieswereconsideredfortheaqueousspecies,andtheeffectiveconcentrationofthePC88AdimerwascalculatedusingAlstad'sempiricalequation.Asaresult,theapparentextractionequilibriumconstantwasdeterminedtobe253(kmol·m-3)-2withanexcellentcorrelationbetweentheexperimentandcalculationresultsinthewiderangeofthelogarithmofthedistributionratiofrom-2to3.5.Inconclusion,themethodologyinthismodelwouldbeeffectiveforquantitativedescriptionofsolventextractionbehaviorofgeneralrareearthelementsaswellasdysprosium.