简介:Thenaturalworldspentbillionsofyearsinsolution-findingduringevolution,whichcouldbenefitTechnology.Howdoweputthatinanutshell?Biologicalsystemsaremorecomplexthanthemostcomplexcurrenttechnology.Anygivenfunctionandeffectaresimultaneouslycoordinatedandlinkedwithothersatmanylevelsofbiologicalorganisation-fromcellorganelletoorganism,topopulationandecosystem.Technologydoesnothavetoolstodealwiththecomplexityand"goalintendedness"oflivingsystems.Butlimitsforinteractionexistonbothsides-Biologicalscienceitselfisalsotooempiricalandnotmatureenoughtoprovideasolidbaseforcorrelatinglivingwithtechnicalsystems.Movingtowardsasynthesis,whereengineerscanutilizethevastamountofavailablebiologicaldata,wesuggestusingatoolcalled"TheoryofInventiveProblemSolving"(TRIZ)andclarifyingsomeimportantmethodologicalissues,whichhavenotpreviouslybeenrecognisedinbionicengineering:1)Requirenentformoreappropriatedefinitionsof"system","effect","function","law"and"rule".2)Requirementforunderstandingorevenmeasuringthedegreeofcontradictionoranalogybetweenfunctionsinbiologicalandartificialand/ornon-livingengineeringsystem-thereisnosimpledirectcorrelationbetweenwhatengineersfindusefulandwhatbiologydoes.
简介:Microporoustitaniumcarbidecoatingwassuccessfullysynthesizedonmedicalgradetitaniumalloybyusingsequentialcarburization.Changesinthesurfacemorphologyoftitaniumalloyoccasionedbysequentialcarburizationwerecharacterizedandthewettabilitycharacteristicswerequantified.Furthermore,thedispersionforceswerecalculatedanddiscussed.Theresultsindicatethatsequentialcarburizationisaneffectivewaytomodifythewettabilityoftitaniumalloy.Afterthecarburizationthesurfacedispersionforceoftitaniumalloyincreasedfrom76.5×10-3J·m-2to105.5×10-3J·m-2,withanenhancementof37.9%.Meanwhilethecontactangleoftitaniumalloydecreasedfrom83°to71.5°,indicatingasignificantimprovementofwettability,whichismuchclosertotheoptimalwatercontactangleforcelladhesionof70°.
简介:利用同源模建方法预测了t-PAK1区的三维结构。通过结构叠合确定了t-PAK1、K2区,纤溶酶原K1、K4区及UKK区的赖氨酸结合口袋。静电势计算及疏水性分析表明,在t-PAK2区以及纤溶酶原K1、K4区与纤维蛋白裸露的赖氨酸之间存在明显的静电势互补和疏水面契合。确定了影响Kringle区结合口袋与赖氨酸亲和的重要氨基酸,分析了t-PAK1区、UKK区不能结合赖氨酸的原因,由此设计了具有赖氨酸亲和力的新型t-PAK1区及UKK区突变体。利用模拟残基突变技术预测了突变体的结构变化,分析了突变后t-PAK1区及UKK区与赖氨酸亲和力的变化,初步在理论上肯定了设计方案的合理性。
简介:目的:卡培他滨治疗晚期乳腺癌疗效及安全性进行分析.方法:对180名患者进行病理上的确诊和分析,确定病人为乳腺癌晚期.对病人用药时采取每天2500mg/m2的方式,即每日早餐与晚餐之后半个小时进行服用,连续应用两周之后休息一周.若病人的癌细胞扩散现象未得到有效控制,呈现继续蔓延的情况,立刻停止对该药物的使用.患者使用卡培他滨片之后的效果分为效果显著、有效以及无效.结果:临床表现为疗效显著的患者有46例,病情得到了完全程度上的缓解;临床表现为有效的患者83例,病情得到了控制,部分病情得到缓解;51例患者临床表现为无效.腹泻患者41例,不良反应发生率22.8%;色素沉淀患者49例,手足综合征63例,其余类不良反应27例.结论:卡培他滨在对于晚期乳腺癌的治疗上表现显著,而其产生的不良反应患者大多能够忍受,适合于在临床实践当中应用.